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Fred Jeffery

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生物漫游指南
生物漫游指南诺奖也会不靠谱?免疫细胞怎么思考哲学终极难题?| 读懂2025诺奖每到十月,诺贝尔奖的公布总能成为科学界乃至全社会热议的话题。我们常常惊叹于获奖者们卓越的成就,却很少关注奖项本身的故事。诺贝尔奖为何能拥有如此高的声望?创立者阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔又有着怎样传奇的人生经历?本期节目,我们就先回到起点,聊一聊诺贝尔奖背后那些有趣的“冷知识”和不为人知的争议,看看这个被誉为科学界“奥斯卡”的奖项,是如何在一百多年的历史中维持其公正与权威的。当然,我们也要看看2025年的生理学或医学奖。免疫系统如何区分“自我”与“非我”?这个听起来颇具哲学意味的问题,正是今年获奖者们毕生探索的核心。从工业界的实验室到顶尖学术殿堂,从被主流学界抛弃的“伪科学”到奠定整个领域的基石,我们将讲述三位科学家如何通过各种实验,最终找到控制自身免疫的关键“刹车”——调节性T细胞。他们的故事里,不仅有长达数十年的执着与探索,更有深夜被记者敲门告知获奖的戏剧性时刻,以及离开科研一线多年后意外加冕的传奇经历。时间点:00:03:05 诺贝尔奖为何享有盛誉?00:04:25 炸药大王阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平故事00:07:37 “死亡商人”的讣告:诺贝尔设立奖项的契机传说00:10:56 富可敌国:诺贝尔的遗嘱与五个奖项的诞生00:14:58 诺贝尔基金会的建立与奖项评选机制00:21:24 第一届科学类诺贝尔奖的得主分别是谁?00:23:31 获得过两次科学类诺贝尔奖的科学家们00:26:36 发明元素周期表的门捷列夫为何与诺奖失之交臂?00:28:06 诺贝尔奖中的女性科学家:获奖人数为何如此之少?00:31:57 诺贝尔奖的遗珠:发现RNA剪接的华人科学家周芷00:41:11 2025年生理学或医学奖的三位获奖者00:42:34 获奖者玛丽·布伦科(Marry Brunko)的工业界科研之路00:47:11 从“scurfy”小鼠到关键基因Foxp3的发现01:05:31 获奖时的乌龙:拒接诈骗电话的布伦科01:14:47 获奖者弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔(Fred Ramsdell)的职业生涯01:21:39 在国家公园徒步,与世隔绝的拉姆斯德尔如何得知获奖?01:24:48 获奖者坂口志文(Shimon Sakaguchi)的励志科研故事01:29:17 “我是谁”:从哲学思辨走上免疫学研究之路01:34:21 在“抑制性T细胞”理论被抛弃的年代里坚持01:45:54 关键的身份牌:调节性T细胞标志物CD25的发现01:58:18 关键拼图:Foxp3基因如何成为调节性T细胞的金标准02:02:45 踩下免疫系统的刹车:调节性T细胞的多种功能与应用02:08:38 科学工具与技术的进步对重大发现的重要性提到的相关图片:遗憾未获得诺贝尔奖的中国台湾科学家周芷:半夜从丈夫那得知自己拿到诺贝尔奖的玛丽·布伦科:谢巴克与坂口志文夫妇在他们共同获得威廉·科利奖的合照:工作细胞原作者给诺奖画的贺图:涉及BGM:工作细胞第一季动画片尾曲Celebrate-Joakim KarudGeorge Benson - Thunder Walk相关参考资料:Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases[J]. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 1995, 155(3): 1151-1164.Brunkow M E, Jeffery E W, Hjerrild K A, et al. Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse[J]. Nature genetics, 2001, 27(1): 68-73.Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S. Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3[J]. Science, 2003, 299(5609): 1057-1061.Wildin R S, Ramsdell F, Peake J, et al. X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy[J]. Nature genetics, 2001, 27(1): 18-20.诺奖得主坂口志文的座右铭. 赛先生手撕偏见、不怕被骂“伪科学”,今年的诺奖得主堪比热血漫主人公. Vista看天下坂口志文. 波动的自我和非自我:调节性T细胞的发现 brh.co.jpMary Brunkow Wins 2025 Nobel Prize | ISB Press Conference (Full)诺贝尔奖官网相关资料
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