Shows
Pass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Safeguarding & Vulnerable Groups in the NHS: The Complete Legal Duty Framework (MSRA SJT Deep Dive)Safeguarding is the single highest-stakes professionalism domain in UK medicine. It sits at the intersection of clinical care, the law, ethics, and patient safety — and it is one of the most heavily weighted areas in the MSRA SJT.In this comprehensive deep dive, you will learn the exact UK-legal, GMC-aligned safeguarding framework that allows you to act rapidly, lawfully, and defensibly when the pressure is at its highest.This episode brings together:✅ The GMC duty to act on suspicion, not proof✅ Children Act 1989 thresholds — Section 17 vs Section 47✅ Care Act 2014 Section 42 for adult safeguardi...
2025-11-2925 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Cultural Awareness, Equality & Valid Consent in the NHS (MSRA SJT Deep Dive)Cultural awareness, equality, and valid consent sit at the very centre of medical law, GMC professionalism, and MSRA SJT success. These scenarios are not “soft skills” — they are high-stakes legal and safety decisions where one wrong shortcut can invalidate consent, breach the Equality Act, and place patients at serious risk.In this essential deep-dive, you’ll learn the exact defensible, GMC-aligned framework for navigating culture, faith, language barriers, discrimination, and equitable access — even under extreme clinical urgency.We cover:✅ Why equity ≠ equality and how blind “fairness” creates unsafe care✅ The Equality Act 2010 and the nine protected c...
2025-11-2931 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Medical Burnout — Safety Action Plan for Doctors (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionBurnout isn’t a personal failure — it’s an occupational phenomenon that creates real, immediate patient-safety risk. This episode teaches you exactly how the MSRA SJT expects you to respond when fatigue turns into danger: pause, escalate, seek help, adjust workload, and document. Using the WHO definition, GMC Good Medical Practice, HSE stress standards and the high-yield EARLY mnemonic, we break down the safe, exam-scoring behaviour step-by-step.0:00 Why burnout is a safety issue, not a personal flaw00:20 The 3 a.m. near-miss scenario01:00 WHO definition — an occupational phenomenon01:40 The 3Ds: Drain • Distance • Drop in efficacy02:40 Fat...
2025-11-2211 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Mastering MSRA SJT Decision Ranking – Safety First (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionThis episode teaches the essential blueprint for ranking SJT answers correctly using a safety-first hierarchy grounded in GMC Good Medical Practice. It breaks down how to prioritise time-critical clinical actions, when to escalate, how to manage capacity, and how to avoid the high-risk traps that guarantee rank-five answers. A complete, high-yield system for scoring highly in the MSRA SJT. 0:00 Why SJT ranking matters00:22 What the SJT actually tests00:40 Best-to-worst ranking logic01:05 Core GMC principles01:40 Safety vs paperwork02:05 Chest pain vs drug-chart dilemma02:40 Time-critical deterioration03:20 “Life before paperwork” rule04:00 Safety → Escala...
2025-11-2215 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Mastering Capacity Assessments (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionThis episode breaks down one of the most challenging areas in the MSRA SJT: lawful, structured capacity assessment under the Mental Capacity Act. You’ll learn how to support autonomy, apply the two-stage test, avoid common traps, and make safe best-interest decisions using the least restrictive option.0:00 Introduction0:22 Why capacity matters1:05 Core MSRA exam mindset1:40 MCA five principles2:40 Two-stage legal test overview3:10 Stage 1: Diagnostic impairment3:40 Stage 2: The four abilities5:00 Understanding and retaining information6:10 Weighing information correctly7:00 Communication considerations7:40 Decision-specific and time-specific capacity8:10 Five-step high-yield framework8:35 St...
2025-11-2214 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Supporting Stressed Colleagues & System Overload (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionThis episode teaches you how to manage system overload, support distressed colleagues and maintain patient safety under extreme pressure. It breaks down safety-led leadership, early escalation, structured delegation, and the SUPPORT framework—core patterns repeatedly tested in the MSRA SJT. A clear, practical guide to stabilising chaos while protecting colleagues and patients. 0:00 Introduction: system overload00:28 Why this scenario scores highly00:55 Classic MSRA dilemma01:32 Safety-led leadership02:10 Competence, supervision & accountability02:40 Risk threshold exceeded03:10 Early escalation explained03:40 Red flags indicating danger04:20 Critical results & missed observations04:50 Distressed or impaired colleagues05:20 No se...
2025-11-2212 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Visible Leadership Owns Crisis Outcomes (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionWhen a patient starts to crash and the team is overloaded, visible leadership becomes a lifesaving intervention. This episode walks you through how to take ownership of a crisis, prevent fragmented responsibility, and create safety through clarity, escalation, and documentation. Using GMC Good Medical Practice, PSIRF principles and the high-yield PACE-IT framework, we break down exactly how to lead under pressure and avoid the traps that lose marks in the MSRA SJT.Learn how to define the aim, assign owners and deadlines, escalate early, and create a traceable record — the behaviours that score highest when the stakes ar...
2025-11-2212 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Consent & Mental Capacity UK Law Explained (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionThis episode gives you a complete, high-yield roadmap to mastering consent and capacity for the MSRA SJT. You’ll learn the GMC requirements, the Mental Capacity Act, the Supreme Court Montgomery ruling, best interests decisions, ADRTs, LPAs, Gillick competence, emergencies, and the legal traps that cost marks. A clear, exam-ready walkthrough of the two legal pathways: capacitated consent and best-interests decision-making. 0:00 Why consent & capacity are the legal foundation00:22 UK law: GMC, Montgomery, MCA00:50 The three requirements of valid consent01:18 Capacity: decision-specific & time-specific01:55 The four legal abilities02:40 Testing “use & weigh”03:10 MCA principles (1–5)03:55...
2025-11-2216 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Choose GMC Standards Over Local Pressure (passthemsra.com) - Free MSRA revisionWhen local pressure, hierarchy and “how we do things here” collide with Good Medical Practice, the highest-scoring MSRA SJT response is always the same: protect patients, uphold honesty, and follow GMC duties without compromise. This episode teaches you the exact mental framework to stay safe, legal and ethical when rushed, stressed or being pushed into unsafe actions.A complete walkthrough of the STAND mnemonic, real-world scenarios, red flags, and the 5-step escalation drill – all distilled directly from GMC Good Medical Practice 2024 and MSRA scoring logic.0:00 The clash between GMC standards and local pressure00:45 Why integr...
2025-11-2215 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Writing Medical References — Honesty Above Loyalty (Free MSRA Revision)Medical references are one of the highest-stakes documents a doctor can sign. This episode breaks down the GMC’s core duties — honesty, objectivity, completeness and the prohibition on misleading omissions — into a simple framework you can rely on in the MSRA SJT. You’ll learn when to disclose unresolved concerns, how to manage confidential health information, when the public-interest test applies, and how to avoid the four classic traps that repeatedly appear in exam scenarios. Chapters: - Why references are a safety-critical document - Loyalty vs integrity: the central SJT tension
2025-11-1611 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Who Signs the Prescription Owns the Risk (Free MSRA Revision)Prescribing is one of the highest-risk decisions a doctor makes. This episode breaks down the GMC’s prescribing guidance into a clear, exam-ready framework covering accountability, high-risk medicines, remote prescribing rules, consent, information-sharing, controlled drugs, off-label use and the real-world safety traps that appear repeatedly in MSRA SJT questions. You’ll also learn the exact moments where the safest option is to pause, verify or refuse a prescription entirely. Chapters: - Why prescribing is legally high-stakes - Accountability: the signatory owns the risk - Team and system influence vs i...
2025-11-1612 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Raising Patient Safety Concerns – Must-Act Framework (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: Raising patient-safety concerns is one of the most heavily tested duties in the MSRA — and also one of the most emotionally difficult in real life. This episode turns the GMC’s guidance on raising and acting on concerns into a simple, exam-proof escalation sequence you can rely on under pressure. You’ll learn the difference between must vs should, how to act on reasonable suspicion (not proof), how to protect patients immediately, how to escalate safely through local and external pathways, and how to stay within both the law and GMC expectations every step of the way.
2025-11-1612 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Mastering Intimate Examinations & Chaperone Rules (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: Intimate examinations are among the highest-risk interactions in clinical practice — and one of the most heavily tested professionalism domains in the MSRA SJT. This episode breaks down the GMC’s intimate exam and chaperone standards into clear steps, predictable patterns and safety-first behaviours. You’ll learn how to protect patient dignity, uphold boundaries, document correctly, apply the CHAP framework, and avoid the classic traps that cause real-world complaints and low-scoring SJT answers.Chapters: | • Why intimate exams are high risk in professionalism • Explain → Consent → Chaperone → Record • Patient dignity, p...
2025-11-1612 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Mastering Consent, Capacity & End-of-Life Law (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: | Consent, capacity and end-of-life law are the single most law-dense domains in the MSRA SJT. This episode distils Montgomery, the Mental Capacity Act, ADRTs, LPAs, Gillick competence, Fraser guidelines, best-interests law, DNA-CPR rules and equality duties into clear, repeatable exam patterns. Through realistic scenarios — from delirious sepsis to refusals of life-saving treatment, to children’s consent and resource allocation — you’ll learn exactly how safe doctors apply structured, lawful reasoning under pressure.Chapters: | • Consent as a legal process (capacity, voluntariness, informed choice) • Montgomery: material risks & reasonable alternatives • Unw...
2025-11-1626 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Mastering Capacity, Candour & Confidentiality for the MSRA (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: Capacity, candour and confidentiality form the backbone of Good Medical Practice 2024 — and they are the single most heavily tested ethical trio in the MSRA SJT. This episode cuts through the noise and gives you a clean, law-anchored, exam-proof framework for handling clashes between autonomy, safety, legality and information governance. Using real-world patterns, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, Montgomery, Caldicott principles and safeguarding law, you’ll learn exactly how safe doctors reason when duties collide.Chapters: | • Capacity-first mindset and MCA statutory principles • Supporting decision-making before testing • Two-stage capacity t...
2025-11-1638 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Doctor Prioritisation & Safe Critical Shifts (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: Critical-shift prioritisation is one of the most predictable, high-frequency areas in the SJT. This episode gives you a clear, repeatable framework for dealing with chest pain, sepsis, hyperkalaemia, bed-blocking TTOs, and competing bleeps — all at the same time. Using GMC Good Medical Practice 2024, NEWS2 logic, and high-yield human factors principles, we break down how safe doctors think under pressure: acuity first, escalate early, delegate safely, and document everything. This is the blueprint that prevents clinical errors when demand exceeds capacity.Chapters: | • The real MSRA logic of workload scenarios ...
2025-11-1628 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Honesty, Safety & Professional Standards – MSRA Deep Dive (Free MSRA Revision)Intro: When fatigue, error, and unsafe pressure collide, the GMC expects absolute clarity from doctors. This episode breaks down the ethics of honesty, candour, safe practice, escalation, and record integrity — using the scenario of a night-shift error, drowsiness, and a senior asking you to backdate notes. These are the highest-frequency SJT topics, and the patterns are predictable once you know what the GMC is testing.Chapters: | • Why honesty and safety override hierarchy • Candour: disclose errors promptly and transparently • Backdating and falsification — absolute red lines • Working whil...
2025-11-1629 min
Pass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSJT: Free Mastering the MSRA SJT (1 of 3): Professionalism, Safety, Communication & Leadership Fundamentals⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Mastering the SJT (1 of 3)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of SJT principles, traps, and mnemonics for safe, GMC-aligned decisions in real-world scenarios.🧠 What You’ll Learn• Professionalism & Integrity — Maintaining professional boundaries; Honesty & candour (duty of candour); Upholding GMC standards; Conflicts of interest; Professional appearance & behaviour; Self-awareness & insight; Maintaining competence & CPD.• Patient Safety — Escalating clinical concerns (SBAR); Speaking up/whistleblowing; Managing fatigue & personal impairment; Prioritising patient safety over organisational interests; Incident reporting (Datix); Dealing with unsafe colleague behaviour; Safe handover.• Confidentiality...
2025-08-1357 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Venous Ulcer: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Venous Ulcer🎧 A high-yield breakdown of this common leg ulcer – caused by venous hypertension, key for MSRA and clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Venous ulcers are chronic, shallow wounds that develop due to poor venous return and increased venous pressure in the lower limbs, especially around the medial malleolus.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Chronic venous insufficiency• Varicose veins• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)• Prolonged standing/sitting• Obesity• Older age• Leg injury or trauma• Pregnancy• Family history💡 Mnemonic: VOLD-FLIPVaricose veins, Obesity, Long-standing/sitt...
2025-06-1618 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)🎧 A high-yield breakdown of this common but potentially serious skin cancer – essential for MSRA prep and clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• SCC is a malignant tumour of squamous cells in the epidermis.• It is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer and has metastatic potential.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Chronic UV radiation exposure ☀️• Fair skin, older age, male gender• Immunosuppression (e.g. transplant patients, HIV)• Chronic inflammation (old burns, scars, ulcers)• Exposure to arsenic or past radiotherapy• Premalignant lesions (actinic keratosis...
2025-06-1615 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Adult Seborrhoeic Dermatitis: Free MSRA Podcast🧑⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Adult Seborrhoeic Dermatitis: High-Yield Revision🎯 Everything you need to revise seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults for the MSRA. Cut through the noise—covering causes, clinical features, management, differentials, and more.Key Learning Points🔍 Definition• Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting oily areas—scalp, face, chest• Linked to the yeast Malassezia; not contagious💡 Causes & Risk Factors• Overgrowth or sensitivity to Malassezia yeast• Sebaceous gland activity (oily skin)• Family history, stress, immunosuppression (HIV, Parkinson’s), winter, hormonal changes• Aggravated by illness, fatigue, medications🧬 Pathophysiology
2025-06-1618 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP): Free MSRA Podcast🎯 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) – the most common systemic vasculitis in children – is a high-yield must-know for the MSRA. But don’t be fooled by its familiar rash: this topic hides plenty of traps in both diagnosis and management.In this focused Deep Dive episode, we break HSP down to its core essentials, linking pathophysiology to presentation, and helping you nail those subtle MSRA vignette clues 🧠🧬 What You'll Learn:✅ What HSP actually is – an IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis✅ Classic tetrad of features using the mnemonic PAAR:🔹 P – Purpura (palpable, non-blanching rash)🔹 A – Arthralgia/arthritis (espe...
2025-06-1616 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Erythema multiforme: Free MSRA Podcast🎯 Deep Dive: Erythema Multiforme (EM) for the MSRAWelcome to another high-yield episode of the Deep Dive podcast — your ultimate companion for MSRA revision! Today, we’re zooming in on a condition that sounds serious, looks striking, and often causes confusion: Erythema Multiforme (EM). Let’s break it down together and separate it clearly from its dangerous cousins, SJS and TEN. 🎯🧠🔍 What You’ll Learn (And Remember!)✅ Definition: EM is an acute, immune-mediated skin condition known for its classic target lesions✅ Not SJS/TEN: Know the key differences — EM is usually self-limiting, while SJS/TEN are medical emergencie...
2025-06-1611 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsDerm: Nickel Dermatitis: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Nickel Dermatitis🎧 A focused deep dive into this common cause of contact dermatitis – understand triggers, diagnosis, and best management for exams and real practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Allergic contact dermatitis caused by a delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to nickel exposure.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Contact with nickel-containing items: jewellery, watches, belt buckles, coins, zippers, keys• Risk increased by genetic predisposition, history of atopic dermatitis, and repeated exposure• More common in women (linked to jewellery use)💡 Mnemonic: "Nickel Nails Jeans Zippers" – (Nickel, Nail polish, Jeans studs, Zippers)📌 Pat...
2025-06-1605 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsENT: Nasal Polyps: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Deep Dive: Nasal Polyps for the MSRA 🩺👃Ever feel like your nose is constantly blocked, your food tastes dull, and antihistamines just aren’t cutting it? 🤧👃 This episode unpacks Nasal Polyps — those pesky, painless, teardrop-shaped growths inside the nose — and breaks them down for your MSRA prep in a clear, engaging format. 🚀Whether you're revising with the help of MSRA notes or just brushing up on ENT essentials, we've got you covered. 📚🔥 Key Learning Points:✅ Definition: Benign, painless, non-cancerous growths in the nasal passages/sinuses, often linked to chronic inflammation.✅ Causes & Associations:Chronic...
2025-06-1515 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsENT: Malignant Otitis Externa: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 FREE MSRA PODCAST: Malignant Otitis ExternaThis isn’t your average ear infection. We break down Malignant Otitis Externa (MOE) – a high-risk ENT emergency that appears deceptively simple but can become life-threatening. Perfect for MSRA revision!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Severe infection of the external auditory canal• Common in elderly, diabetic, or immunocompromised patients• Can progress to skull base osteomyelitis – very serious📌 Causes & Risk Factors• 🦠 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (90% of cases)• 🔥 Poorly controlled diabetes• 🧓 Advanced age• 💧 Chronic otitis externa or swimming in contaminated water• 💉 Immunosuppression📌 Symptoms• Severe persistent unilateral ea...
2025-06-1519 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsENT: Branchial Cysts: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Branchial Cysts (ENT)Ready for a concise revision blast on branchial cysts? This Deep Dive tackles everything you need for exams and practice: what branchial cysts are, why they form, how they present, and the essentials of diagnosis and management. Perfect for MSRA, AKT, and clinical revision!📝 Key Learning Points🧬 Definition• Branchial cysts are congenital cystic neck masses—remnants from the embryonic branchial arches (usually the second arch).🌱 Aetiology• Failure of normal embryological development leads to a cystic cavity.• Most are sporadic, not linked to lifestyle or environme...
2025-06-1505 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsENT: Acute and Chronic Laryngitis: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Podcast Deep Dive: Acute Laryngitis ExplainedStruggling with hoarseness, voice loss or a dry scratchy throat? 🎤 In this high-yield episode, we unravel the essentials of Acute and Chronic Laryngitis – from red flag symptoms 🚨 to practical management tips and differential diagnoses every MSRA candidate should know!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 DefinitionLaryngitis = Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), most commonly viral and self-limiting.📌 TypesAcute: Lasts 3 weeks – with different causes like reflux, voice misuse, smoking & more!📌 CausesAcute: Viruses (rhinovirus, RSV, influenza) 🦠Chronic: Smoking 🚬, reflux (LPR) 🔥, allergies 🌿, voice strain...
2025-06-1527 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: HELLP Syndrome: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ MSRA Deep Dive: HELLP Syndrome ExplainedWelcome to another high-yield episode of the MSRA revision series! Today we unpack HELLP Syndrome, a critical obstetric emergency. This is based on our detailed revision notes to help you master this challenging topic quickly and clearly — perfect for your MSRA prep! 🎯📌 DefinitionHELLP = Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low PlateletsA life-threatening complication of pregnancy, often associated with pre-eclampsia. Usually appears in the 3rd trimester or postpartum.📌 Causes & Risk Factors🔹 Placental dysfunction🔹 Immune/endothelial dysfunction🔹 Risk ↑ with: • Age >35 • Nulliparity • Multiple gestation • Previous HELLP • AP...
2025-06-1514 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Mittelschmerz: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Mittelschmerz🎧 A focused, high-yield guide to this common ovulation-related pelvic pain – perfect for the MSRA, GP training, and clinical insight!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Mittelschmerz = “middle pain” (German)• Ovulation-related lower abdominal pain, typically mid-cycle📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Rupture of ovarian follicle releases fluid/blood• Irritation of the peritoneum triggers pain• Risk ↑ with: • Regular ovulation • Past episodes • Hormonal imbalance📌 Pathophysiology• Follicle bursts → fluid/blood leaks → local inflammation• Pain = mechanical + chemical irritation of peritoneum📌 Symptoms• Unilateral lower abdominal pain• Mid-cycle (around day 14 in a 28-day c...
2025-06-1506 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Gestational Diabetes: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Gestational Diabetes🎧 A full breakdown of this essential antenatal topic – perfect for MSRA, GP exams, and clinical practice!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy• Typically resolves postnatally, but flags increased long-term T2DM risk📌 Pathophysiology• Placental hormones → insulin resistance• Pancreas fails to compensate → blood glucose rises• Usually diagnosed in 2nd or 3rd trimester📌 Diagnosis🧪 Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks: • Fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L • 2-hour glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L🔍 Also screen early if previous GDM or high risk📌 Risk Factors⚠️ Remember: BMI...
2025-06-1513 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Contraception Methods and Special Considerations: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️MSRA Deep Dive:Contraception – Methods, UKMEC & High-Yield Clinical Pearls🧠 Welcome to another revision-packed episode of ourMSRA podcast series! In this session, we simplify contraception for UK clinicalpractice — covering key methods, side effects, contraindications, and how toapply the UKMECframework to real patients.📚 Whether you're revising for the MSRA or brushingup for clinical work, this episode walks you through the essential content withpractical pearls and memorable takeaways. 📌Main Topics Covered🔹Contraceptive MethodsOverviewBarrier methods (e.g., condoms)Daily methods: COC (Combined Pill) & POPLARCs (Implant, Injection, IUD, IUS)Emergency contraception (oral and copper IUD)🔹Mec...
2025-06-1522 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Breast Fibroadenoma: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️FREE MSRA PODCAST –Breast Fibroadenoma🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common benign breast lump – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinicalscenarios. 🧠Key Learning Points📌Definition• Most common benign breast tumour• Composed of glandular and fibrous breast tissue• Often called "breast mice" due to mobile, rubberyfeel📌Causes & RiskFactors• Exact cause is unknown• Strong link to oestrogen stimulation• Common in women aged 15–35• Risk factors: • Early menarche /late menopause • Nulliparity • Hormonereplacement therapy • Family history📌Pathophysiology...
2025-06-1519 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Herpes Simplex Virus: Free MSRA Podcast🎧🦠MSRA DEEP DIVE:Herpes Simplex Virus — HSV Unpacked for Your ExamWelcomeback! Today we dissect HSV — a very high-yield MSRA topicthat often shows up in both clinical practice and exams 🔍 🔑Core MSRA RevisionSummary📌Definition• HSV = Double-stranded DNA virus• Two types: HSV-1 (oral dominant) & HSV-2 (genital dominant)• Lifelong infection— enters latency in sensory nerve ganglia• Reactivationcauses recurrent outbreaks📌Transmission• HSV-1: Oral-oral(kissing, sharing utensils, cold sores)• HSV-2: Sexualcontact (genital-genital, oral-genital)• Both viaskin-to-skin or body fluid contact• Asymptomatic shedding is a key r...
2025-06-1415 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsObgyn: Chlamydia: Free MSRA Podcast🎧🧬 MSRA DEEP DIVE: Chlamydia — The Silent STI You NEED to KnowToday we break down one of the most common — yet often silent — conditions that’s HIGH-YIELD for your MSRA: Chlamydia trachomatis 🔬🔑 Core MSRA Revision Summary📌 Definition• Bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis• Affects genital tract, rectum, throat• Often asymptomatic — silent but serious📌 Transmission• Unprotected sex (vaginal, anal, oral)• Direct contact with infected secretions📌 Risk Factors• Age < />• Multiple sexual partners• Prior chlamydia infection• Lack of condom use📌 Pathophysiology• Bacteria infects epithelial cells → triggers inflammat...
2025-06-1416 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Subdural Haematoma: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 Deep Dive: Subdural Haematoma – MSRA Neurology Revision 🧠Welcome to another episode of our MSRA revision series! Today we tackle Subdural Haematoma (SDH) – a crucial neurology topic that often appears in exams and real-life clinical practice. Whether you're revising for the MSRA or brushing up on emergency neuro cases, this deep dive unpacks everything you need.We cover key concepts including:📌 Definition and anatomy of the meninges📌 Pathophysiology of acute vs chronic SDH📌 Classic signs like the “lucid interval”📌 CT scan findings (crescent-shaped bleeds)📌 Risk factors: age, alcohol, anticoagulants
2025-06-0820 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Intracranial Venous Thrombosis: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Intracranial Venous Thrombosis🎧 A high-yield breakdown of this rare but critical cause of stroke-like symptoms – perfect for MSRA prep and clinical vigilance!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• A clot within the brain’s venous system, typically in the dural venous sinuses, causing impaired drainage, raised intracranial pressure, and possible infarction or haemorrhage.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Hypercoagulable states (e.g. pregnancy, OCP use, malignancy)• Infections (e.g. sinusitis – often staph aureus)• Trauma or neurosurgery• Autoimmune diseases (e.g. lupus, Behçet's)• Haematological conditions (e.g. sickle cell, TTP)• Idiopathic in...
2025-06-0816 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Bacterial Meningitis: Free MSRA Podcast🦠FREE MSRA PODCAST –Bacterial Meningitis: Recognise, React, Save Lives!🎧 This episode breaks down one of the most urgentmedical emergencies—bacterial meningitis. Rapid recognition and action can savelives. If you’re revising for the MSRA or want to boost your clinicalknowledge, this deep dive gives you the crucial facts, classic clues, and examessentials. 🧠Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Acute,life-threatening infection and inflammation of the meninges (protectivemembranes of brain & spinal cord).• Caused by bacteria(most commonly Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B).📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Spread from ear,sin...
2025-06-0840 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Essential Tremor: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️FREE MSRA PODCAST –Essential Tremor🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this commonmovement disorder – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinical scenarios. 🧠Key Learning Points📌Definition• Essential Tremor(ET) is a chronic, progressive neurologicaldisorder that causes involuntary,rhythmic shaking, typically affecting the hands during action or posture holding (not at rest). 📌Causes & RiskFactors• Idiopathic in most cases• Autosomal dominant inheritance (~50% familial)• Increasing age (more common >40)• Triggers: caffeine, stress, fatigue, some medications• Environmentalfactors (e.g. toxins) may contribute🧠Mnemonic:“G.A.S...
2025-06-0815 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Ataxia Telangiectasia: Free MSRA Podcast🧬FREE MSRA PODCAST –Ataxia Telangiectasia: The Classic ‘A + T + I + C’ Syndrome Explained!🎧 Struggling to memorise the key features of AT?This episode breaks down the essential facts for exams and practice. Perfectfor MSRA neurology revision—listen, learn, and recall! 🧠Key Learning Points📌 Definition• AT = rare,inherited (autosomal recessive) disorder due to ATM gene mutation.• Classic triad: Ataxia (progressive loss of coordination), Telangiectasia (dilated vessels, eyes/skin), Immunodeficiency, Cancer risk.📌 Causes & Pathophysiology• ATM gene defectimpairs DNA repair → genomic instability.• Rapidly dividingcells (cerebellum, immune cells) most aff...
2025-06-0822 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Common Peroneal Nerve Lesion: Free MSRA Podcast🦵FREE MSRA PODCAST –Common Peroneal Nerve Lesion: Foot Drop, Diagnosis & Management🎧 Dive into this focused episode on common peronealnerve lesions—a high-yield topic for the MSRA! We break down the causes,classic signs like foot drop, diagnosis, and management, with practical memoryhooks and essential revision pearls. 🧠Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Damage to thecommon peroneal nerve (branch of the sciatic nerve at the knee), mostvulnerable at the fibular neck.• Causes motor andsensory loss in the lower leg and foot.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Compression(prolonged leg crossing, casts, brace...
2025-06-0816 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Brain Abscess: Free MSRA Podcast🧠⚠️MSRA DEEP DIVE: BrainAbscess (High-Yield Revision Guide)Inthis episode, we break down one of the rarer but absolutely criticalneurological emergencies for the MSRA: Brain Abscess.Your full, exam-ready, high-yield masterclass! 🚀 🔑High-Yield RevisionSummary📌 Definition• Localisedintracerebral collection of pus• Infectiousaetiology: bacterial, fungal, parasitic• True medicalemergency—needs rapid actionMnemonic: “PUS in brain = Pressure, Urgency,Seizures”📌 Causes• Bacterial: Staph aureus, Strep spp,Bacteroides, Listeria• Fungal: Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus• Parasitic: Toxoplasma (esp. HIV), Entamoeba,Taenia solium• Routes: – Direct: otitismedia, sinusitis...
2025-06-0821 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Bacterial Meningitis: Free MSRA Podcast🦠 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Bacterial Meningitis: Recognise, React, Save Lives!🎧 This episode breaks down one of the most urgent medical emergencies—bacterial meningitis. Rapid recognition and action can save lives. If you’re revising for the MSRA or want to boost your clinical knowledge, this deep dive gives you the crucial facts, classic clues, and exam essentials.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Acute, life-threatening infection and inflammation of the meninges (protective membranes of brain & spinal cord).• Caused by bacteria (most commonly Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B).📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Spread from...
2025-06-0840 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Ataxia Telangiectasia: Free MSRA Podcast🧬 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Ataxia Telangiectasia: The Classic ‘A + T + I + C’ Syndrome Explained!🎧 Struggling to memorise the key features of AT? This episode breaks down the essential facts for exams and practice. Perfect for MSRA neurology revision—listen, learn, and recall!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• AT = rare, inherited (autosomal recessive) disorder due to ATM gene mutation.• Classic triad: Ataxia (progressive loss of coordination), Telangiectasia (dilated vessels, eyes/skin), Immunodeficiency, Cancer risk.📌 Causes & Pathophysiology• ATM gene defect impairs DNA repair → genomic instability.• Rapidly dividing cells (cerebellum, immune cells) most affected.• Inheritance...
2025-06-0822 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Aphasia: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Aphasia🎧 A high-yield, structured deep dive into this common post-stroke language disorder – perfect for MSRA prep and clinical understanding.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain’s language centres – affecting speech, comprehension, reading, and writing.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Stroke (esp. left hemisphere, MCA territory)• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)• Brain tumours• Encephalitis• Neurodegenerative conditions (e.g. Alzheimer’s)• Risk ↑ with: hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, older age📌 Pathophysiology• Disruption of the language network across left frontal, temporal, and pari...
2025-05-3015 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsNeuro: Amaurosis Fugax: Free MSRA Podcast⚡ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Amaurosis Fugax: Sudden Vision Loss & Stroke Warning Signs🎧 Get a concise, exam-focused breakdown of amaurosis fugax—what it is, how to recognise it, and why it’s a clinical red flag. Perfect for MSRA revision and real-world GP practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Amaurosis fugax = transient, painless loss of vision (usually one eye) due to temporary loss of retinal blood supply.• Classic “curtain descending” or “shade over vision” description—typically lasts a few seconds to 15 minutes.📌 Causes & Mechanism• Most common: Emboli from carotid artery atherosclerosis (fatty plaques breaking off).• Ca...
2025-05-3019 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPsych: Postnatal Depression: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Postnatal Depression (PPD): Key Features & Fast Management Guide🎧 Get a rapid, practical breakdown of postnatal depression—how to recognise it, manage it, and remember the essentials for the MSRA and clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• PPD is a depressive disorder in women after childbirth (first year).• More severe and persistent than baby blues; impacts daily function.• Peak onset ~3 months, but can develop anytime within 12 months.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Hormonal changes, history of depression/PPD, family history, stressful events, lack of support, sleep deprivation, financial/relationship probl...
2025-05-3021 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPsych: Postpartum Baby Blues: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Deep Dive: Baby Blues (Postpartum Blues) — What Every Clinician Needs to KnowGet clear on this common postpartum mood disturbance in just a few minutes! Perfect for exam revision and clinical practice.Key Learning PointsDefinition• Baby blues = common, mild, short-lived mood disturbance after childbirth• Typically starts within the first week postpartum• Characterised by mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, and feeling overwhelmed• Considered a normal physiological reactionCauses• Sudden hormonal changes (e.g. drop in oestrogen, progesterone)• Sleep deprivation• Physical and emotional exhaustion• Adjustment to new par...
2025-05-3005 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPsych: Sleep Paralysis: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Sleep Paralysis🎧 A high-yield, exam-focused breakdown of sleep paralysis: definition, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and complications, based on UK MSRA revision notes.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Sleep paralysis is a brief, temporary inability to move or speak, usually occurring when falling asleep or waking up.• Often accompanied by hallucinations (visual, auditory, or tactile) and intense fear.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Disruption in normal sleep-wake cycle—REM sleep intrusion into wakefulness• Sleep deprivation, irregular sleep patterns (shift work, late nights)• High stress, anxiety, mental health conditions• Underlying sle...
2025-05-3017 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPsych: Hypomania: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ MSRA Psychiatry Deep Dive: Hypomania – A High-Yield Revision EpisodeWelcome back to another episode of the Pass the MSRA podcast. In today’s high-yield Psychiatry episode, we break down Hypomania – a topic that often appears deceptively simple but carries key nuances important for MSRA success.Join us as we unpack the official revision notes and bring clarity to a diagnosis that frequently goes unrecognised in clinical settings. This episode is all about helping you retain, recall, and revise the core concepts of Hypomania with confidence.🧠 Key Learning Points Covered:What exactly is hypomania a...
2025-05-3006 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPsych: Anxiety Disorder: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Your complete, high-yield guide to mastering GAD for MSRA revision! 🧠💊📝🧠 Key Learning Points📌 DefinitionGAD = chronic, excessive worry about multiple areas of life (not just one trigger). Symptoms persist for ≥6 months, impact function, and aren't due to physical illness or substances.ICD-10: anxiety + ≥4 symptom categories (autonomic, physical, mental, tension, cognitive).📌 Causes & Risk Factors🔍 Multifactorial:• Genetics, childhood adversity• Neurotransmitter imbalances: ↓serotonin, ↓GABA, ↑norepinephrine• Overactive amygdala + HPA axis⚠️ Risk factors:• Female sex• Life stress, trauma, chronic illness• Low education, lone parenting, poor health• Fami...
2025-05-3019 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Rhinovirus: Free MSRA Podcast🤧 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Rhinovirus: The Real Cause of the Common ColdIn this fast-paced episode, we take you straight to the essentials of rhinovirus—the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections and the main culprit behind the classic cold. If you’re revising for the MSRA, this deep dive will help you quickly master what matters: from pathophysiology and transmission to symptoms, management, and why it matters for those with chronic lung disease.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 What is Rhinovirus?• Small RNA viruses from the Picornaviridae family• Over 150 serotypes—so you can catch it agai...
2025-05-3005 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Parainfluenza Virus: Free MSRA Podcast🦠 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Parainfluenza Virus (High-Yield Deep Dive)🎧 Perfect for revision or clinical refreshers—get the core facts on parainfluenza virus, straight from your MSRA notes. Everything you need, nothing you don’t.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV 1-4) are RNA viruses in the paramyxoviridae family, causing respiratory tract infections (notably croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia), especially in infants and young children.📌 Causes & Transmission• Spread via respiratory droplets (coughs/sneezes) and direct contact• Four main types (HPIV-1 to HPIV-4) — each linked to different clinical patterns• Outbreaks common in autumn and winter, es...
2025-05-3005 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Respiratory Pathogens: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Respiratory Pathogen Links🎧 A high-yield breakdown of bug-disease associations – perfect for quick-fire MSRA prep and clinical recall.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• A rapid-recall guide linking key respiratory pathogens to their hallmark diseases, signs, and complications.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Viral and bacterial pathogens behind respiratory infections• Immunosuppression (e.g. HIV) → opportunistic pathogens like PCP• Environmental exposure (e.g. air con → Legionella)🧠 Mnemonic: “Real Cold Coughers Have Stuffy Lungs Might Test Positive”(RSV, Cold = rhinovirus, Croup = parainfluenza, Haemophilus, Staph, Legionella, Mycoplasma, TB, PCP)📌 Pathophysiology• Pathogens invade resp...
2025-05-3005 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: UK Notifiable Diseases: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Notifiable Diseases (UK)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this public health surveillance system – perfect for MSRA exam prep and understanding legal reporting duties in UK practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Notifiable diseases are legally reportable infectious conditions that pose a threat to public health.• UK doctors must report suspected cases to local health protection authorities.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Not the diseases themselves but the criteria for notifiability:Rapid spread potential (e.g. measles, meningitis)High morbidity or mortality (e.g. COVID-19, plague)Global public health...
2025-05-3011 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Leptospirosis: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 Leptospirosis for the MSRA – Deep Dive RevisionWelcome to another episode of our infectious diseases series for the MSRA. Today we’re breaking down leptospirosis – a globally important zoonotic infection that ranges from flu-like illness to life-threatening Weils disease.We take your detailed revision notes and transform them into high-yield audio content – organised, memorable, and focused on what the MSRA exam really tests.🦠 Definition & TransmissionLeptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira interrogans, a spirochete that enters the body via cuts or mucous membranes after exposure to water or soil contaminated with rat urine. Thi...
2025-05-3019 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Aspergilloma: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Aspergilloma🎧 A focused, high-yield breakdown of this fungal lung cavity infection – ideal for MSRA revision and clinical understanding.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Aspergilloma is a fungal ball (mycetoma) made up of Aspergillus species, mucus, and cellular debris.• It forms in pre-existing lung cavities (e.g. from TB, sarcoidosis).📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Pre-existing cavities (TB, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, old abscesses)• Immunocompromised status (e.g. HIV, transplant patients)💡 Mnemonic: "CAVES" – Cavities After Viral/Endemic infection, Sarcoidosis📌 Pathophysiology• Inhaled Aspergillus spores colonise lung cavities• Fungal ball forms → local inflammation...
2025-05-3015 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsInf: Genital Warts: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Genital Warts (HPV 6 & 11)🎧 A high-yield breakdown of this common STI caused by low-risk HPV types – essential for MSRA exam prep and clinical knowledge.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Genital warts (aka condylomata acuminata) are benign, fleshy growths on genital or perianal skin caused by HPV types 6 & 11.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Direct skin-to-skin contact during sex (vaginal, anal, oral)• HPV types 6 & 11• Unprotected sex• Multiple partners• Early sexual activity• Smoking• Anoreceptive intercourse• Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV)🧠 Mnemonic: “Sex Starts Making HPV Spread Incredibly”📌 Pathophysiology• HPV infects epith...
2025-05-2913 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Testicular Torsion: Free MSRA Podcast🩺 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Torsion of Testis: Don’t Miss This Surgical Emergency! ⚡Today’s episode delivers the must-know facts on testicular torsion—an absolute paediatric and adolescent emergency. We cover the high-yield essentials for your MSRA revision and clinical practice: from classic features to urgent management, memory tips included!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Torsion of testis = twisting of the spermatic cord → sudden blockage of blood flow• Results in acute, severe pain and rapid testicular damage📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Intravaginal torsion – most common, esp. in adolescents (12–18 years), linked to “bell clapper deformity” (testis not...
2025-05-2924 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Umbilical Hernia: Free MSRA Podcast👶 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Umbilical Hernia in Children: What Parents & Students Need to Know ✨This bite-sized episode tackles umbilical hernia in children—a super common, mostly benign finding in paediatrics. We distil down the must-know facts for your MSRA revision and for real-world practice. From why they happen to when to worry, you’ll be sorted in minutes.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Umbilical hernia = bulge at the belly button (umbilical ring)• Caused by abdominal contents (intestine or fat) pushing through a weak spot📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Most common in infants due to incomplete...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ MSRA Paediatrics Deep Dive: Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn (TTN)Welcome back to another high-yield MSRA revision episode! Today we break down TTN—a common, usually short-lived cause of respiratory distress in newborns. Whether you're prepping for exams or refreshing your clinical knowledge, this episode brings you the essential facts in a memorable, practical format.👶 What is TTN?Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn is a self-limiting respiratory disorder seen in the first hours after birth, caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid.🩺 Classic Presentation:👶 Rapid breathing (>60 breaths/min)🌬️ Grunting, n...
2025-05-2907 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Surfactant Deficient Lung Disease: Free MSRA Podcast🫁 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Surfactant-Deficient Lung Disease (RDS): Why Premature Lungs Struggle & What Works Best 👶In this focused episode, we break down surfactant-deficient lung disease (SDLD)—also called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)—a leading cause of newborn breathing difficulties. Get crystal-clear on causes, red flags, and game-changing management for your MSRA prep and beyond.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• SDLD = insufficient or ineffective lung surfactant• RDS is the classic example, mostly in premature infants📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Main risk: Prematurity (especially 60/min), expiratory grunting, nasal flaring, chest retractions, cyanosis• Severe forms: poor feeding, f...
2025-05-2916 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Roseola Infantum: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Paediatrics Deep Dive: Roseola Infantum (Sixth Disease)Welcome to another high-yield revision session for the MSRA! In this episode, we unravel the essentials of Roseola Infantum—a common viral illness in infants that presents with a sudden high fever followed by a classic trunk-first rash. Whether you're prepping for exams or managing unwell children, this episode gives you clear, memorable clinical insight.👶 Topic Focus: Roseola Infantum (Sixth Disease)Typical Age: 6 months to 2 yearsCause: Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) most commonly, or HHV-7Spread: Droplet/contactKey Pattern: Sudden h...
2025-05-2913 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Infant Pyloric Stenosis: Free MSRA Podcast🍼 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Pyloric Stenosis: Spotting Projectile Vomiting in InfancyIn this episode, we break down pyloric stenosis—a must-know condition for MSRA paediatrics. Learn to recognise classic signs, avoid common diagnostic pitfalls, and understand key management steps, all based on high-yield UK guidelines.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Narrowing/thickening of the pylorus (muscular outlet between stomach & duodenum) in infants• Blocks gastric emptying, usually from hypertrophy of circular muscle📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Exact cause unknown—thought to be multifactorial (genetic + environmental)• Major risks: first-born males, family history, early macrolide antibiotic...
2025-05-2912 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Napkin/Nappy Rash: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Napkin Rashes (Diaper Dermatitis)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common infant skin condition – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinical scenarios.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Napkin rash (diaper dermatitis) is an inflammatory skin reaction in the nappy area caused by prolonged exposure to irritants like urine and faeces.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Prolonged skin contact with moisture (urine/stool)• Friction from diapers• Irritant chemicals in wipes or creams• Secondary infections (Candida or bacterial)• Risk factors:– Infrequent nappy changes– Diarrhoea– Antibiotic use– Sensitive skin📌 Pathop...
2025-05-2907 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Labial Adhesions: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Labial Adhesions in Children🎧 A high-yield deep dive into a common but often overlooked paediatric condition – ideal for your MSRA revision or clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Labial adhesions = fusion of the labia minora (inner lips), usually in prepubertal girls (3 months to 3 years).• Often resolves spontaneously by puberty.• ⚠️ Not the same as an imperforate hymen (which is congenital and blocks the vaginal opening).📌 Etiology & Risk Factors• Likely caused by local irritation or inflammation.• Contributing factors:– Low oestrogen levels– Recurrent UTIs– Poor hygiene– Skin irritation or tra...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Patella Tendonitis Jumper's Knee: Free MSRA Podcast✅ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common overuse injury in active young patients – perfect for MSRA prep and practical clinical scenarios.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Patellar tendonitis, or “jumper’s knee,” is an overuse injury involving inflammation or degeneration of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia).📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Repetitive jumping or running• Poor warm-up or inadequate stretching• Muscle imbalances (e.g., weak quads/hamstrings)• Rapid growth spurts in adolescents🧠 Mnemonic: “JUMP” – Jumping sports, Underuse of warm-up, Muscle i...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Chondromalacia Patellae: Free MSRA Podcast⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Chondromalacia Patellae🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common cause of anterior knee pain – perfect for MSRA prep and real-life clinical scenarios.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Chondromalacia patellae (aka patellofemoral pain syndrome) is softening and breakdown of cartilage on the underside of the patella, leading to anterior knee pain.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Overuse (e.g. running, squatting, jumping)• Muscle imbalance (especially weak quadriceps or hips)• Abnormal patellar alignment• Trauma (less common)• Previous knee injury• Female adolescents more frequently affected• Mnemonic: OMAT – Overuse, Muscle imbalance, Alignment...
2025-05-2905 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Epstein's Pearls: Free MSRA Podcast🩺 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Epstein’s Pearls in NewbornsYour rapid, focused audio revision on Epstein’s pearls—ideal for MSRA, paediatrics, and everyday clinical reassurance.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Epstein’s pearls are small, benign, keratin-filled cysts found on the hard palate or gums of newborns.• Size: Typically 1–3 mm, white or yellowish bumps.• Extremely common and completely harmless.📌 Causes• Result from trapped epithelial (skin) cells during mouth/gum development in utero.• These cells form tiny keratin cysts—hence the characteristic appearance.📌 Symptoms & Clinical Features• Asymptomatic—babies have no pain, discomf...
2025-05-2905 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Child Consent: Free MSRA Podcast🧒 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Child Consent & Competency (Gillick, Fraser, Legal Age Frameworks)🎧 In this episode, we take a clear and structured look at child consent in healthcare – a complex, high-yield legal topic for exams and clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Legal Age Cutoffs• Under 16s: May consent if deemed Gillick competent, but cannot legally refuse treatment if it's in their best interest (in England, Wales, NI).• 16–17 years: Presumed competent to consent. Refusal can be overridden (except in Scotland).• 18+: Full adult consent rights – can consent and refuse freely.📌 Gillick vs Fraser Competency• Gillick Compe...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatrics: Patau Syndrome: Free MSRA Podcast🧬 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13): Genetics, Features & PrognosisA concise, high-yield review of Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)—from genetic cause to clinical features, diagnosis, and prognosis. Ideal for MSRA revision or quick clinical reference.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13) is a severe genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 13, leading to multiple congenital malformations and significant intellectual disability.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Most commonly due to nondisjunction during gamete formation—leads to three copies of chromosome 13 in each cell• Can also be caused by Robertsonian translocation or mosaici...
2025-05-2918 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsPaediatric Appendicitis: Free MSRA Podcast👶🧠 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Appendicitis in Children🎧 A high-yield breakdown of this common paediatric surgical emergency – perfect for clinical decision-making and MSRA prep!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Acute inflammation of the appendix• Most common cause of emergency abdominal surgery in children📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Luminal obstruction (e.g. faecolith, lymphoid hyperplasia)• 🧬 Family history• 🧒 Age (peak: 10–19 years)• 🧫 Infections (e.g. viral URTI)• 🏥 Prior abdominal surgery🧠 Mnemonic: AFMS – Age, Family history, Medical (e.g. CF), Surgery📌 Pathophysiology• Obstruction → ↑Pressure → ↓Blood flow• Bacterial invasion → Inflammation• Risk of perforation → Peritonitis• Can lead to app...
2025-05-2922 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Galeazzi Fracture: Free MSRA Podcast🦴 Deep Dive: Galeazzi Fracture – MSRA Essentials🎧 Need to lock in Galeazzi fracture for the MSRA? This focused episode delivers a clear, fast, high-yield revision boost! Perfect for exam day 💥🔍 What is a Galeazzi Fracture?📌 It's a radius fracture + distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation🧠 Think: “Galeazzi grips the DRUJ”Also called the reverse Monteggia fracture!🚑 Mechanism of Injury• Fall on an outstretched pronated hand 🤲• Sometimes direct trauma to the forearm• Common in contact sports or high-impact falls🧠 Key Clinical Clues✅ Forearm pain✅ Obvious deformity + swelling✅ Tenderness along radius✅ Instabili...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Monteggia's Fracture: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Podcast: Monteggia’s Fracture – Know the Combo🦴 MSK Must-Know | High-Yield for the MSRAIn this high-yield deep dive, we explore Monteggia’s fracture – a specific and important orthopaedic injury involving a proximal ulnar fracture and radial head dislocation. Whether you're revising for the MSRA or brushing up on forearm trauma, this episode has you covered.📌 What Is Monteggia’s Fracture?This fracture-dislocation combo includes:• A fracture of the ulna (usually proximal third)• A dislocated radial head at the elbow🛑 The two must always occur together for the diagnosis.📊 Classification – Bado...
2025-05-2913 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Trigger Finger: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Podcast: Trigger Finger – When Tendons Get Stuck🖐️ MSK Deep Dive | High-Yield for the MSRAEver felt your finger lock, catch, or click when you move it? 🎯 In this episode, we break down Trigger Finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) — a small mechanical problem with big day-to-day consequences. Ideal for MSRA prep or practical knowledge in clinic.🧠 What Is Trigger Finger?Inflammation causes thickening of the tendon or sheath, leading to a mismatch in size at the A1 pulley.🎢 This causes a snapping or locking sensation when the finger moves — it might get stuck and then suddenly pop free...
2025-05-2907 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Stress Fractures: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Podcast: Stress Fractures – A Silent Threat in Overuse Injuries📚 MSK for the MSRA | High-Yield FocusIn this deep dive, we break down stress fractures – those sneaky, tiny bone cracks that can cause big problems. Whether you’re a runner, a gym-goer, or revising for MSRA, this is essential listening. 🦴⚠️🧠 What Are Stress Fractures?Small cracks in the bone due to repetitive stress or overuse – not a big trauma. Think of it as bending a paperclip back and forth until it breaks. 🩻📍 Most common in weight-bearing bones like the tibia, metatarsals, navicular, and femur.⚡️ MSRA Buzzw...
2025-05-2917 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Raynaud's Phenomenon: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Deep Dive: Raynaud’s Phenomenon – Cold Hands, Hot Topic 🧤❄️Why do fingers turn white, then blue, then red? What’s the deal with Raynaud’s and why does it matter for your MSRA exam? This episode breaks down this common but critical vasospastic disorder and gives you all the tools to remember the features, causes, and management — fast.✅ What you’ll learn:• 🧠 Definition: What is Raynaud’s and how does it present?• 🧊 Primary vs Secondary: Idiopathic vs Autoimmune – don’t mix them up!• 🚨 Mnemonic: 4-RASH-DC — the red flag checklist for secondary causes• 📉 Pathophysiology: Vasospasm, autonomic imbalance, and c...
2025-05-2919 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Deep Dive: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)Your front-of-knee pain decoded 🦵💥In this high-yield MSRA revision episode, we unpack Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) — a super common cause of anterior knee pain, especially in active people. Also known as “runner’s knee,” this condition deserves attention for both your exam and clinical practice. Whether you're revising on the go or reviewing musculoskeletal cases, this episode simplifies the essentials, explains mechanisms, and gives you memory tips along the way.✅ What we cover:• What is PFPS? And how does it differ from other knee pain syndromes?• 🔁 Mnemonic: OMABTIS for causes...
2025-05-2906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Osteomalacia: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️MSRA RevisionPodcast: Understanding OsteomalaciaWelcome to anotherhigh-yield MSRA deep dive! In this episode, we unpack everything you need toknow about osteomalacia, a key metabolicbone disorder with exam relevance and real-world clinical impact. 🦴What is Osteomalacia?Osteomalacia = “soft bones” in adults, caused by defectivemineralization of the bone matrix. It's most commonly due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to pain,weakness, and increased fracture risk.🧒 In children, thesame process is called rickets – affecting growth and causing skeletaldeformities. 🧪Pathophysiology MadeSimple:Osteoid (bone framework) is laid down normally but fails to harden du...
2025-05-2925 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Spinal Stenosis: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Deep Dive: Spinal Stenosis – Narrowing it Down!🧠🦴 From shopping trolley sign to neurogenic claudication — we're breaking down Spinal Stenosis in this high-yield episode designed for MSRA revision. Understand the difference between cervical and lumbar stenosis, and why flexion feels better. Let's make this stick! 🧲📚🔍 What You'll Learn• What is spinal stenosis — and where does it strike?• 💥 Cervical vs Lumbar stenosis symptoms• 🎯 Classic sign: pain worse walking, better leaning forward = “shopping trolley sign”• 🛠️ Causes: age-related degeneration, herniated discs, thickened ligaments• 👥 Risk factors: age, obesity, previous spine surgery, congenital narrowing• 🧠 Neurology breakdown: myelopathy vs radiculopathy• 🧪 Investigations: MRI is...
2025-05-2816 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Facet Joint Injury: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Deep Dive: Facet Joint Injuries – Back Pain Demystified!Struggling with spine-related MSRA content? Or just confused by all the causes of back pain? This high-yield episode breaks down facet joint injuries—a common but often overlooked source of back discomfort. Whether you're prepping for the MSRA or brushing up on MSK knowledge, this one's for you! 💪🧠📌 What Are Facet Joints?Tiny stabilising joints located at the back of the spine—key for flexibility and movement. When they’re injured or inflamed, they can cause localized back pain and stiffness, especially with extension or twisting.📌 Why Do Injuri...
2025-05-2806 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Avascular Necrosis: Free MSRA Podcast🎧FREE MSRA PODCAST –Avascular Necrosis (AVN): Bone Infarction Demystified 🦴In this focusedrevision episode, we break down AvascularNecrosis (AVN) – also known as osteonecrosis– a silent yet serious cause of joint pain and bone collapse. Learn the high-yield causes, risk factors, investigations, andmanagement you need for the MSRA, along with handy mnemonics to help it stick. 🧠Key Learning Points –Avascular Necrosis for the MSRA✅Definition• AVN = death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply• Commonly affects hip, knee,shoulder, ankle ⚠️Causes – Mnemonic: ToCatch A Bright Rainbow Under Enormous I...
2025-05-2106 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Ewing's Sarcoma: Free MSRA Podcast🎧Deep Dive: Ewing’sSarcoma – Bone Cancer You Can’t IgnoreWelcomeback to the Deep Dive! Today, we’re zeroing in on Ewing’s Sarcoma – a rare but aggressive primary bone cancer seen mostly in teenagers and young adults. 🦴If you’re preppingfor the MSRA, this episode is your high-yield shortcut to everything you need toknow – from pathophysiology to prognosis– all delivered in a clear, revision-friendly format. 🔍What You’ll Learn🧠 What exactly is Ewing’s Sarcoma?🧬 How the EWSR1–ETS fusiontriggers cancer📊 Epidemiology – Who gets it and when?⚠️ Key clinical features –...
2025-05-2107 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsMSK: Acute Limb Ischemia: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Deep Dive: Acute Limb Ischaemia — Every Second CountsToday we’re tackling Acute Limb Ischaemia (ALI) — a vascular emergency where time is tissue. Left untreated, ALI can lead to amputation or death within hours. This episode covers causes, clinical signs, key mnemonics, and urgent management — exactly what you need for the MSRA.🚨 What is ALI?ALI = sudden, severe ↓ in arterial limb perfusion, usually due to:• Thrombus (on atherosclerotic plaque)• Embolus (e.g. from atrial fibrillation)• Trauma or external compression🆘 A surgical emergency. Irreversible damage = ~6 hours.Compare with Critical Limb Ischaemia...
2025-05-2118 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsOpthal: Holmes-Adie Pupil: Free MSRA Podcast🎧FREE MSRA PODCAST –Holmes-Adie Pupil: Lazy Light, Active Close 👁️In this high-yieldDeep Dive episode, we unravel Holmes-Adie Pupil(aka Adie’s Tonic Pupil) — a fascinatingneuro-ophthalmological condition every MSRA candidate should know. We break itdown from definition to diagnosis, using clear memory tips like “lazy to light, active to close” to help yourecall it on exam day. 🧠What You'll Learn inThis Episode:✅Definition &Overview• A neurological condition affecting the pupil's response to light and accommodation• Pupils are dilated, react poorlyto light, but better to near focus• Often unilateral, more common...
2025-05-2107 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsSurg: Breast Abscess: Free MSRA Podcast🔥 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Breast Abscess: Diagnosis, Drainage& Decision-Making 🎧Breast pain, fever,and a tender lump? Let’s break down breastabscesses – a must-know condition for the MSRA and clinical practice.This is your high-yield deep dive intocauses, diagnosis, and treatment based on UK NICE guidelines. No fluff, justthe gold-standard facts and memory tricks. 🧠Key Learning Points📌Definition• A breast abscess is a collection of pus within breast tissue• Commonly developsfrom unresolved mastitis or infected blocked ducts• More common in breastfeeding individuals, but not exclusive tothem 📌Causes & Bacte...
2025-05-2007 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Sick Euthyroid Syndrome: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 MSRA Podcast: Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome) 🎧Stuck with confusing thyroid results in a very sick patient? 🤔 Dive in as we untangle Sick Euthyroid Syndrome—a must-know topic for the MSRA! Expect rapid-fire key facts, mnemonics, and revision pearls to save you time and boost your scores. 💡📖 Definition• Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (aka Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome) = abnormal thyroid function tests (↓T3, ±↓T4, variable TSH) in critically ill patients, without actual thyroid disease.• Classic scenario: very sick patient, strange TFTs, but a fundamentally healthy thyroid gland.🦠 Causes• Severe illness (sepsis, major trauma, burns, surgery)•...
2025-05-1908 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Riedel's Thyroiditis: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 Podcast Episode: Riedel’s Thyroiditis – A Study Guide for MSRA RevisionWelcome to another high-yield Endocrinology Deep Dive! In this episode, we're tackling Riedel’s Thyroiditis — a rare but clinically important cause of thyroid enlargement that mimics malignancy. 🧠🦠Perfect for MSRA prep, this episode breaks it all down in a clear, exam-focused format to help the information stick. 🚀📚🔍 What You’ll Learn in This Episode:• 📖 Definition: A rare, chronic inflammatory disease where fibrous tissue replaces the thyroid gland and spreads into nearby neck structures.• ❓ Cause: Unknown, but suspected to be part of IgG4-related systemic disease.
2025-05-1906 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Renal Artery Stenosis: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 Renal Artery Stenosis – A High-Yield MSRA Deep DiveWelcome back to another focused revision episode! 🚨 This Deep Dive unpacks Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) — a high-yield vascular condition that connects hypertension, kidney function, and systemic cardiovascular health. 🩺💡 Whether you’re revising for the MSRA or just trying to master the pathophysiology, this is your go-to summary.🧠 In this episode, we cover:• 💉 Definition – Narrowing of one or both renal arteries, usually >50%• 🦠 Causes – Atherosclerosis in older patients; fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in younger individuals• 💥 Mechanism – Reduced renal perfusion → RAAS activation → systemic hypertension• 🚩 Red Flags – Resistant hypertension, recurrent flash pulmonary oed...
2025-05-1914 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ Podcast Episode: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) – Deep Dive & MSRA RevisionWelcome to another episode of the MSRA Deep Dive series! Today, we're unpacking Primary Hyperparathyroidism – a high-yield endocrine condition that comes up time and time again in exams 🧪.Whether you’re revising for the MSRA, learning for finals 🎓, or refreshing your clinical knowledge, this episode covers everything you need – in a structured, memorable format! 💡📌 What You’ll Learn in This Episode:• 🧠 What is PHPT? Overproduction of parathyroid hormone → hypercalcaemia• 📈 Causes: 80% adenoma, 15% hyperplasia, 50y, MEN1/MEN2, lithium use• 🧬 Pathophysiology: PTH increases serum calcium via bone, kidneys, and vitamin D
2025-05-1916 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Phaeochromocytoma: Free MSRA Podcast🎧 Phaeochromocytoma – A Comprehensive Guide for MSRA RevisionEver heard of the “10% tumour”? 🧬 Welcome to this Deep Dive where we break down phaeochromocytoma, a rare but potentially life-threatening adrenal tumour, often missed or misdiagnosed — and exactly the sort of high-yield condition you’ll need to know inside out for the MSRA. 🩺📚🔥 In this episode, we’ll cover:• 🧠 Definition – What exactly is a phaeochromocytoma?• 🧬 Causes – Sporadic vs inherited (MEN2, VHL, NF1)• 💥 Pathophysiology – How excessive catecholamines wreak havoc• 😵💫 Symptoms – Classic triad: headaches, palpitations, and sweating• 💉 Diagnosis – Key tests: plasma metanephrines, 24h urine, imaging• 🧪 Differentials – Anxiety, panic attacks, hyperthyro...
2025-05-1916 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsEndo: Gynaecomastia: Free MSRA Podcast🎙️ MSRA Podcast: Gynaecomastia – All You Need to Know for Exams! 🎧🧑⚕️ Struggling with gynaecomastia for the MSRA? Get all the essential info you need—definitions, causes, differentials, management, and red flags—in one focused, high-yield episode! Perfect for revision, practice, and quick recall. Let’s make this topic stick! 💡📖 Definition• Gynaecomastia = benign enlargement of male breast tissue (glandular, not just fat)• Caused by an imbalance between oestrogen (⬆️) and androgens (⬇️)🔍 Causes• Physiological: newborns 👶 (maternal oestrogen), puberty 🧑🎓 (60% of boys), older age 👴• Pathological: hormonal (hypogonadism, hyperthyroid, testicular/adrenal tumours, cirrhosis, CKD), drugs 💊 (spironolactone, anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, antipsychotics, antiretrovirals...
2025-05-1917 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Free MSRA Podcast🫁FREE MSRA PODCAST –Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): Master the CRB65 & Bugs 🧫In this high-yieldepisode, we take a deep dive into Community-AcquiredPneumonia (CAP) – one of the most commonrespiratory infections you'll see in practice and a high-frequency MSRA topic.Whether it's a mildcase treated at home or a life-threatening admission, this episode walks youthrough everything you need to know,clearly and efficiently. 📌What You’ll Learn inThis Episode:🦠Definition &Pathophysiology• CAP = infection ofthe lung parenchyma acquired outsidehealthcare settings• Inflammation →consolidation → impaired gas exchange → classic symptoms 🧫Common Causes• Bacte...
2025-05-1518 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Haemoptysis: Free MSRA Podcast🫁FREE MSRA PODCAST –Haemoptysis (Coughing Up Blood): Causes, Mnemonics & Emergencies 🚨In this episode, wetackle the alarming but exam-relevant topic ofHaemoptysis, a key differential in respiratory medicine and a common MSRA question theme. 📌What You’ll Learn inThis Deep Dive:🔍Definition &Differentials• Haemoptysis = coughing blood from the lower respiratory tract (below the larynx)• Know how to differentiate it from:Haematemesis (vomiting blood from GI tract – think ulcers, varices)Epistaxis (nosebleeds swallowed then coughed up)Pseudo-haemoptysis (blood from mouth/gums/throat) 🧠Mnemonic for Causes:“I Really Can’t Cough Properly T...
2025-05-1516 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Free MSRA Podcast💥FREE MSRA PODCAST –Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: The Silent Intruder ☠️🫁In this high-yielddeep dive, we uncover the essential facts aboutCarbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning – a life-threatening condition that’sdeceptively common, easily missed, and critically important to recognise early,especially for MSRA candidates. 🧠In This EpisodeYou’ll Learn:✅Definition:Carbon monoxidepoisoning occurs when CO gas is inhaled, reducingoxygen delivery and usage at the cellular level, leading to hypoxia. 🔥Common Causes:• Faulty gasheaters, boilers, or furnaces• Vehicle exhausts(esp. in enclosed spaces like garages)• Poorly ventilatedwood/coal f...
2025-05-1507 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Pulmonary Embolism: Free MSRA Podcast🫁FREE MSRA PODCAST –Pulmonary Embolism (PE)A high-yieldbreakdown of this life-threatening buttreatable condition for your MSRA prep. 🧠Key Learning Points 📌Definition• Pulmonary embolism(PE) = blockage of pulmonary artery• Most commonlycaused by a clot from a DVT (deep veinthrombosis), usually in the legs 📌Causes & RiskFactors🧬 Think Virchow's Triad: 1. Stasis: Prolonged immobility (e.g., longflights, bedrest, surgery) 2. Endothelial injury: Trauma, surgery 3. Hypercoagulability: Cancer, pregnancy, OCP/HRT,obesity, smoking, thrombophilia (e.g., Factor V Leiden)🔑 Other risks: Previous PE/D...
2025-05-1526 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Tension Pneumothorax: Free MSRA Podcast🫁FREE MSRA PODCAST –Tension PneumothoraxFast, focusedrevision on a true surgical emergency youmust recognise and treat without delay. Life-saving knowledge for the MSRA andclinical practice. 🧠Key Learning Points📌Definition• Tension pneumothorax = trapped air under pressure in the pleural space• Acts like a one-way valve → air enters but cannot escape• Leads to lung collapse, mediastinalshift, and cardiovascular collapse 📌Causes• Trauma: rib fracture, stab wound, car crash• Iatrogenic: central line insertion, mechanicalventilation• Lung disease: COPD, previous pneumothorax• Spontaneous: can develo...
2025-05-1514 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Aspiration Pneumonia: Free MSRA Podcast 💥FREE MSRA PODCAST –Aspiration Pneumonia: Risky Swallows, Real Danger 🫁🍽️In this high-yielddeep dive, we break down everything you need to know about Aspiration Pneumonia for the MSRA exam.Understand the condition, the key organisms, risk factors, diagnostic approach,treatment strategy, and the serious complications that can follow. Amust-listen for MSRA success and clinical confidence. 🧠What You’ll Learn inThis Episode:✅DefinitionAspiration Pneumoniais a lung infection caused by inhalingfood, stomach contents, saliva, or vomit into the lungs. It leads to inflammation + infection, especially in the posterior segments of the right lower lob...
2025-05-1524 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Free MSRA Podcast🏥FREE MSRA PODCAST –Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) Explained 🦠💊In this concise,high-yield episode, we break down Hospital-AcquiredPneumonia (HAP) — a major cause of inpatient deterioration and acommonly tested topic in the MSRA. 🧠What You’ll Learn inUnder 10 Minutes:📌Definition &Timing• HAP = Pneumoniadeveloping ≥48 hours after hospital admission• Occurs in both ventilated and non-ventilated patients• Not present at time of admission 🦠Common CausativeOrganisms:• Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA)• Pseudomonas aeruginosa• Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter• Often polymicrobial in nature🧫 Risk of antibiotic resistan...
2025-05-1515 minPass the MSRA: Free PodcastsResp: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: Free MSRA Podcast 🦠FREE MSRA PODCAST –Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (Walking Pneumonia)Atypical bug. Subtle signs. Exam-relevant management.Here’s your 5-minute rapid-fire deep dive.This episode breaksdown Mycoplasma pneumoniae — a keyatypical cause of respiratory infection, commonly known as “walking pneumonia.” Perfect for MSRA prep orclinical revision. 🧠Key Learning Points 📌Definition• A cell-wall deficient bacterium causing atypical pneumonia• Also called "walking pneumonia" due to its oftenmilder, subacute course• Common inadolescents, students, and young adults 📌Epidemiology• Peaks in late summer–autumn• Outbreaks se...
2025-05-1507 min