Shows
All Things Chiropractic44 - CCCAJoin hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini as they explore the Certified Chiropractic Clinical Assistant (CCCA) credential, the FCLB’s national standard, and the Tools of Practice CAP training that prepares assistants to sit for the exam.
Topics include the clinical and administrative scope of certified CAs, career-path advantages, return on investment for practices, malpractice and standard-of-care implications, continuing education requirements, and real-world anecdotes illustrating how trained assistants improve patient experience and clinic efficiency.
Resources and next steps are provided — where to find the CAP course, FCLB details, and how certification can help practices buil...
2025-12-0329 minAll Things Chiropractic43 - Thanksgiving SpecialJoin hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini for a Thanksgiving special of All Things Chiropractic focused on gratitude. They discuss personal anecdotes Thanksgiving, the mental-health and professional benefits of gratitude, forgiveness, and reframing challenges as growth opportunities.
Topics covered include expressing thanks to patients and staff, practical ways gratitude improves patient relationships and office culture, and simple reflective exercises to carry into the holiday season. A short, uplifting episode with actionable takeaways for chiropractors and listeners alike.
2025-11-2618 minAll Things Chiropractic42 - Chiropractic Practice Analysis for 2025Join hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini as they unpack the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners' five‑year practice analysis.
Topics covered include practitioner demographics, practice settings (solo vs. group), income and patient‑volume trends, education and licensing differences, technology and AI, diagnostic imaging, techniques, and the surprising omission of chiropractic assistants.
Key takeaways: solo practices are declining, patient volumes and reimbursement pressures impact income, opportunities are shifting toward employed roles, and the need to better educate patients on the value of chiropractic care.
2025-11-1935 minAll Things Chiropractic41 - Chiropractic: The PhilosophyHosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini close out a three-part series on chiropractic by focusing on philosophy — the "why" behind the profession. This episode explores the art, science, and vitalistic versus mechanistic approaches to care, debates the nature of subluxation, and examines how education, technique diversity, and insurance pressures shape practice.
Dr. Mark Davini joins Paul to share personal insights, historical quotes, and practical examples (including upper cervical vs full-spine approaches, supportive therapies, and analysis methods). They discuss the balance between letting the body heal itself and when to intervene, plus how schools and carriers influence ph...
2025-11-1236 minAll Things Chiropractic40 - Chiropractic: The ArtHosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini continue their three-part series on the art of chiropractic, exploring why so many approaches exist within the profession and how technique, intuition, and experience shape care.
Topics include palpation and observational skills, manual vs. instrument-based adjustments, the role of clinical reasoning and customization, evolving techniques over generations, and the importance of communication, bedside manner, business skills, and ongoing hands-on learning.
Key takeaways: understand your chosen techniques and why you use them, prioritize patient-centered care and connection, avoid shortcuts driven by convenience, and strive to become a master of...
2025-11-0532 minAll Things Chiropractic39 - Chiropractic: The ScienceIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini explore the ‘science’ pillar of chiropractic, covering anatomy and physiology, biomechanics and neuroscience, and how these shape everyday practice.
Topics include the tiers of evidence and misconceptions about evidence-based practice, the prevalence of pain-focused research versus broader health effects, outcome assessment tools and the need for standardized protocols, and challenges around research funding and insurer reimbursement.
Key points: chiropractic’s proven role in pain relief and broader physiological effects, the importance of practice-based data and outcome measures, strategies to avoid being boxed...
2025-10-2931 minAll Things Chiropractic38 - Dry NeedlingDry needling continues to gaining traction in chiropractic — but what exactly is it, and should you add it to your practice?
In this episode of All Things Chiropractic, Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini cut through the confusion with a clear, practitioner-focused look at dry needling. You’ll learn how it differs from acupuncture, what the AMA’s CPT codes mean, and the regulatory issues that vary from state to state. They also cover training requirements, clinical risks, and how patients perceive needle-based care.
Most importantly, you’ll discover where dry needling fits into the chiropra...
2025-10-2230 minAll Things Chiropractic37 - Chiropractic & PoliticsPolitics isn’t just background noise—it directly shapes how chiropractors practice every day. From licensure to billing, laws and policies determine what’s possible for both doctors and patients.
In this episode of All Things Chiropractic, Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini break down how regulation, reimbursement, and advocacy affect the profession. You’ll hear about the history of licensure, scope of practice battles, Medicare/ACA policies, and real-world examples of how rules limit—or expand—patient access.
Most importantly, you’ll discover why grassroots engagement and professional unity matter more than ever. Learn practical step...
2025-10-1532 minAll Things Chiropractic36 - VAD, COVID, Vaccines and ChiropracticChiropractic care looks different in a post-COVID world. Patients may carry hidden vascular risks—fragility, clotting issues, or higher chances of vertebral artery dissections (VADs). That can leave chiropractors wondering: how do I adapt without compromising care?
In this episode of All Things Chiropractic, Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini share practical steps to stay safe, compliant, and confident. Learn how to update your approach with vitals at every visit, thorough histories, and informed consent. Plus, hear what malpractice trends, insurers, and interdisciplinary partners are saying about best practices right now.
Stay ahead, protect your pa...
2025-10-0831 minAll Things Chiropractic35 - Social MediaJoin hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini on All Things Chiropractic as they dig into how social media affects chiropractic practices — from marketing ROI and patient education to research and professional networking.
They discuss real risks including HIPAA breaches, responding to online reviews, staff and patient privacy, platform differences (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok), the pitfalls of posting adjustment videos, and digital security concerns. The episode includes practical recommendations: create clear social-media policies, separate personal and professional accounts, obtain releases, avoid posting minors' faces, and don't respond to patient complaints publicly.
Whether you’re considering advertising on s...
2025-10-0130 minAll Things Chiropractic34 - Quantum Leap: Frequency Therapies in ChiropracticIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini explore the expanding world of frequency therapies — from PEMF, lasers, red light and shockwave to tuning forks, ultrasound and biofeedback. They explain the science behind frequency and vibration, how electromagnetic wavelengths interact with the body, and how resonance and grounding can affect health.
The conversation covers practical clinic applications (what many offices already use), targeted frequencies, differences between therapeutic and harmful frequencies, and the importance of combining these modalities with chiropractic adjustments. The hosts also discuss business implications: cash-based services, patient education, and ch...
2025-09-2429 minAll Things Chiropractic33 - Healthcare from a Patient's PerspectiveWelcome to another episode of All Things Chiropractic, where hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini look into healthcare from a patient's perspective.
In this engaging discussion, they explore the importance of understanding what patients see and feel when they visit a chiropractic office. The conversation highlights the difference between perception and perspective, emphasizing the value of seeing the world through the patient's eyes to enhance communication and care.
The hosts address the pivotal issue of affordability and how perceived value plays a crucial role in patient decisions. As healthcare costs rise, they discuss strategies...
2025-09-1730 minAll Things Chiropractic32 - Increasing Staff ProductivityWelcome to "All Things Chiropractic" with Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini. In this engaging episode, the hosts delve into the topic of increasing staff productivity in chiropractic practices. Discover how setting clear goals and expectations can lead to enhanced productivity, which in turn increases revenue without focusing solely on income.
Dr. Mark and Paul share their insights on the importance of teamwork as the foundation for a successful practice. With a focus on creating a cohesive office environment, they emphasize the value of involving chiropractic assistants in goal-setting and decision-making, ensuring everyone feels invested in the...
2025-09-1035 minAll Things Chiropractic31 - Choosing a Malpractice Carrier and CoverageIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini look at malpractice insurance for chiropractors. They discuss the different types of policies available, including claims-made and occurrence-based coverage, and highlight the importance of selecting the right policy to ensure perpetual protection.
Dr. Davini shares insights on why occurrence policies may offer better security, especially for retired or part-time practitioners, and talks about the necessity of tail coverage when switching policy types.
The conversation also addresses the significance of coverage limits, corporate and personal umbrella policies, and the potential pitfalls related...
2025-09-0328 minAll Things Chiropractic30 - Will Insurance Reimbursement Improve?In this episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini navigate the ever-evolving world of insurance reimbursement for chiropractors. They discuss the challenges posed by the current fee-for-service model and the implications of shifting to global payment systems. The conversation also touches upon the historical impact of the Affordable Care Act on private practices and the increasing use of technology and AI in determining reimbursement rates.
Dr. Davini shares insights from his extensive experience in the field, discussing topics like EHR systems, ICD-10 coding, and the delicate balance practitioners must maintain between patient...
2025-08-2727 minAll Things Chiropractic29 - Should I perform and charge for re-exams?In this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Dr. Mark Davini and Paul Andrews dig into the critical topic of re-examinations in chiropractic care. Together, they explore whether chiropractors should charge for re-exams and emphasize the importance of managing patient expectations through thorough evaluations.
Dr. Davini discusses the necessity of re-exams, not just for identifying treatable issues, but also to rule out conditions beyond chiropractic care. The hosts shed light on the complexities of diagnoses, the importance of accurate ICD coding, and the significance of documenting improvements to validate treatment effectiveness.
They also explore the...
2025-08-2029 minAll Things Chiropractic28 - Is Chiropractic Profitable?In this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive into the often overlooked business side of chiropractic practice. They question whether chiropractic can be profitable and explore strategies to enhance financial success while maintaining high-quality patient care.
Listeners will gain insights from Andrews and Davini on the importance of understanding financial fundamentals such as budgeting and cost analysis, which are essential for running a successful practice. They also discuss the challenges and opportunities of insurance reimbursements and self-pay services, emphasizing the value of providing meaningful patient care that patients are willing...
2025-08-1328 min
The Common CreativeEpisode 164 - Judy Andrews: Creative Wonder & JoyJudy Andrews, Creative Director, brand strategist, and self-belief mentor whose journey from corporate life to self-help author is as inspiring as it is relatable. She shares how she transformed personal challenges into creative fuel, leading to the launch of her agency and her beautifully crafted book Wonder Journey Joy. The conversation explores the power of visual storytelling, making self-help more accessible, and the role of clarity and creativity in building confidence. She also talks about You Can Club, a grassroots initiative helping people see themselves more clearly and support each other through collective courage. If y...
2025-08-0834 minAll Things Chiropractic27 - GLP-1 Drugs: A Chiropractic PerspectiveIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini talk about the increasingly popular weight loss GLP-1 drugs. While initially developed to help control Type 2 diabetes, the drug's surprising side effects have catapulted it into the limelight as a weight loss solution. However, what does this mean from a chiropractic perspective?
Join Paul and Dr. Davini as they examine how GLP-1 drugs works, the physiological effects, and the potential chiropractic considerations it entails. The conversation moves from the pharmacological origins of GLP-1 to its societal implications and how it is reshaping patient...
2025-08-0627 minAll Things Chiropractic26 - DocumentationIn this engaging episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive into the essential topic of documentation in chiropractic practice. They unravel the complex history and current practices that make documentation a crucial part of the profession. Dr. Davini shares firsthand experiences that highlight the dramatic transition from minimal record-keeping to the robust documentation required today.
The episode explores how documentation not only impacts billing and reimbursement but also plays a vital role in risk management and patient care continuity. Both hosts delve into the struggles chiropractors face with third-party carriers and...
2025-07-3022 minAll Things Chiropractic25 - Multi-disciplinary Practices: Do Opposites Attract?Join hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini on a new episode of All Things Chiropractic as they explore the intricate dynamics of multidisciplinary chiropractic practices. Delve into the challenges and benefits of integrating diverse disciplines such as acupuncture, massage, physical therapy, and medicine under one roof.
Get insight into the importance of clearly defined roles, leadership, and decision-making in such settings, while learning about the potential pitfalls and regulatory complexities faced by practitioners. Understand the crucial role of communication, training, and compliance to ensure a coherent approach to patient management.
Whether you’re considering a...
2025-07-2324 minAll Things Chiropractic24 - CMS 1500 Claim Form: Boxes 14 & 15 DemystifiedIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve deep into the often overlooked yet critical elements of the CMS 1500 claim form, focusing specifically on boxes 14 and 15. The hosts break down common misconceptions and explain why these fields hold significance in chiropractic billing and documentation. With practical insights, they guide practitioners on how to accurately complete these sections, which are key to ensuring correct payment and compliance.
The episode emphasizes the importance of matching claim form details with clinical documentation and not falling into the traps of inaccuracy or miscommunication. It...
2025-07-1623 minAll Things Chiropractic23 - The CEU ConundrumIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini go into the complexities and changes in continuing education within the chiropractic field. They discuss the significant shift from traditional, hands-on CEU classes to online, on-demand formats, highlighting the resulting reduction in live, in-person workshops. Dr. Davini shares his experiences and insights into how the hands-on nature of chiropractic education has transitioned to digital platforms and the implications of this change.
Listeners will gain perspective on the historical context of chiropractic education, as well as the challenges and benefits of virtual learning. The...
2025-07-0926 minAll Things Chiropractic22 - TypecastingIn this episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the dynamics of generational differences in the chiropractic workforce. Discover how the diverse characteristics of baby boomers, Gen X, millennials, and Gen Z influence the chiropractic practice environment.
The episode explores the distinct work ethics and communication styles of these generations, highlighting the common challenges and opportunities they present in a modern office setting. Using insights from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the hosts discuss the changing composition of the workforce and its implications for practice management.
Additionally, Paul...
2025-07-0231 minAll Things Chiropractic21 - The Chiropractic DilemmaIn this thought-provoking episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive deep into the chiropractic dilemma, exploring the complexities of inconsistent messaging within the profession. They discuss the lack of standardization in defining subluxations, adjustment techniques, and patient education, highlighting how these variabilities challenge patient trust and understanding.
The episode emphasizes the importance of establishing common practices among chiropractic practitioners and educational institutions to ensure a uniform message for patients. Dr. Davini shares insights into how differing philosophies and techniques taught across various chiropractic schools contribute to this inconsistency.
Tune...
2025-06-2523 minAll Things Chiropractic20 - Stop SlouchingWelcome to another engaging episode of All Things Chiropractic with your hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini. In this episode, we focus on the significance of posture analysis within chiropractic practice. Discover how proper posture assessment goes beyond aesthetics and becomes a cornerstone in both clinical practice and patient education.
We explore the training involved in posture analysis as part of chiropractic education and its role in patient management. Dr. Davini shares insights on how posture reflects spinal health and the ways in which chiropractors can use this to personalize patient care.
Our conversation...
2025-06-1828 minAll Things Chiropractic19 - A Touchy SubjectIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini tackle the sensitive issue of inappropriate conduct within the chiropractic field. Drawing on their extensive regulatory experience, they explore the increasing number of complaints related to inappropriate touching in chiropractic.
They delve into the various complaints that can arise, from malpractice to criminal charges, and discuss the serious repercussions that even an allegation can have on a practitioner's career. The duo provides critical insights from both a regulatory and defense perspective, emphasizing the importance of informed consent and communication with patients.
...
2025-06-1138 minAll Things Chiropractic18 - MedicareIn this insightful episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Dr. Mark Davini and Paul Andrews delve into the intricate relationship between Medicare and chiropractic care. They explore the roles and regulations of Medicare in chiropractic practice, using the allegorical reference to the Eagles' "Hotel California" to emphasize the challenges of navigating Medicare's binding rules and the fact that chiropractors cannot opt-out.
Listeners are guided through the "good" aspects of Medicare, such as its clear definitions and recognition of chiropractic subluxations, which no other insurance carrier does. The episode also highlights the "bad" by addressing the complexities and...
2025-06-0430 minAll Things Chiropractic17 - BurnoutIn this engaging episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve deep into the pressing issue of burnout within the chiropractic profession. They begin by sharing surprising statistics about the show's international growth, particularly in the UK and Germany, adding a light-hearted touch with attempts at multilingual greetings.
The main focus swiftly shifts to the prevalent issue of burnout among chiropractors, with insights from a PubMed article spotlighting the unique stresses that chiropractors face, including professional isolation, identity challenges, and the demanding nature of patient interactions. Dr. Davini highlights the pervasive feeling...
2025-05-2844 minAll Things Chiropractic16 - The Claim FormIn this enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive deep into the intricacies of the CMS 1500 claim form—a pivotal component of chiropractic billing. Despite initial perceptions of the claim form being mundane, Paul and Mark demonstrate just how crucial and fascinating it is, with a particular focus on risk management and educational insights that can benefit every chiropractic office.
Join them as they unravel the mystery behind why the CMS 1500 and its electronic equivalent processed through clearinghouses. What is that QR code on the form and its link to th...
2025-05-2145 minAll Things Chiropractic15 - Risk ManagementIn this enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive into the critical subject of risk management, cleverly titled "Risk is Not Just a Game." The discussion aims to demystify risk management for chiropractors, emphasizing its vital role in protecting your practice from unforeseen challenges.
The hosts explore various types of complaints that chiropractors might encounter, such as civil, regulatory, and criminal complaints, and discuss how each could impact your practice. Dr. Davini shares his approach to making risk management seamless in routine practice operations. They emphasize the importance of proper...
2025-05-1440 minAll Things ChiropracticBONUS: Blue Cross Blue Shield Settlement: What Chiropractors Need to KnowWelcome to a special episode of All Things Chiropractic. Hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive deep into the intricacies of the Blue Cross Blue Shield antitrust litigation and the potential class action settlement that has sparked widespread interest.
This episode explores the financial breakdown of the $2.8 billion settlement, emphasizing how the distribution impacts attorneys, hospitals, and professional providers, including chiropractors and physical therapists. The hosts clarify the tiered payout system and caution listeners not to expect significant sums.
Listeners will learn about the allegations of antitrust violations by Blue Cross Blue Shield, including...
2025-05-1217 minAll Things Chiropractic14 - Chiropractic Mixology: Straight vs MixerIn this engaging episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into a critical discussion about the diverse approaches within the chiropractic profession: the "straight" versus the "mixer" chiropractic methods. Dr. Davini, drawing on his years of experience, and Andrews explore these two compelling perspectives in depth, shedding light on the unique practices and philosophies that define each approach.
The episode revisits the significance of chiropractic terminology and debates such as subluxation, emphasizing the importance of clarity in communication with patients. Dr. Davini shares insights on how chiropractic practice varies significantly across...
2025-05-0730 min
The Mojito MovementEpisode 18 - Paul Mort - How To Become Fucking Unstoppable!This week I am joined by Paul Mort, the man, the myth, the legend!
This guy is one of the best business coaches, public speakers, comedians and all round people you could hope to meet.
We have quite simply an epic chat about his new book, mental health, his journey from rock bottom to becoming, well, fucking unstoppable!
This one is crazy, so strap in and prepare for some hard hitting chats and big laughs!
The Mojito wasn't bad either!
2025-05-021h 24All Things Chiropractic13 - The Power of HormesisIn this intriguing episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the fascinating world of hormesis, a concept suggesting that low-dose stressors might actually benefit the body. Forget about magical spells or infamous canned meats; hormesis is all about how certain sub-threshold stress factors, typically deemed harmful, could promote healing and longevity.
Dr. Davini introduces the audience to how hormesis plays a critical role in various domains such as diet, exercise, and even therapeutic radiation. The discussion highlights surprising evidence from survivors of Hiroshima and unintended experiments in Taiwan, suggesting that...
2025-04-3022 minAll Things Chiropractic12 - Manual Therapy TechniquesIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the intricate world of chiropractic billing and coding of manual therapy techniques. With a hint of detective flair, they explore the evolution and challenges of coding, specifically focusing on the controversial code 97140. Listeners will gain insight into the historical changes initiated by the American Medical Association and how these changes impact billing practices for chiropractors and osteopaths alike.
Dr. Davini and Paul discuss the implications of anatomical site restrictions and the ongoing struggle for chiropractors to receive fair compensation for manual...
2025-04-2330 minAll Things Chiropractic11 - SubluxationJoin hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini in an insightful discussion about the chiropractic subluxation. Discover the challenges faced by chiropractors in reaching a consensus on its definition, despite the varying interpretations across generations and schools.
This episode delves into the historical context of subluxation, exploring how definitions have evolved from the times of Hippocrates to modern-day practices. Dr. Davini shares his experiences and highlights the need for a unified approach within the chiropractic profession to ensure clear communication with patients.
The hosts also examine the American Medical Association's definition of subluxation and its...
2025-04-1625 minAll Things Chiropractic10 - XRAYWelcome to another episode of All Things Chiropractic, where hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini dive into the the use of X-rays in chiropractic practice. This episode explores the evolving industry standards, questioning when X-rays are necessary and their role in modern clinics.
Dr. Davini shares personal anecdotes from his time as a student supervisor at Palmer, shedding light on the historical reliance on X-rays and their significance in clinical practice. He discusses the advances in digital X-ray technology, debunking myths around safety concerns and the financial implications of incorporating X-rays into chiropractic offices.
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2025-04-0930 minAll Things Chiropractic9 - Insurance to be or not to beIn this episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini embark on a comprehensive discussion about the crucial decision of whether to engage with insurance companies as part of a chiropractic practice. With insights from Paul’s extensive experience in medical billing and Dr. Davini’s practical knowledge, they explore the evolution of insurance policies, especially in chiropractic from the 80s and 90s to today.
The episode delves into the realities of being in-network versus out-of-network, highlighting the potential benefits and pitfalls of each choice. The conversation covers complex topics like provider contracts, reim...
2025-04-0231 minAll Things Chiropractic8 - AssociatesIn this enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the dynamics of chiropractic associateships from both the employer and employee perspectives.
They explore whether hiring an associate is a luxury or necessity and the different types of associateships, from those who aim to expand the practice to those who simply seek a stable job without business responsibilities.
The discussion highlights the importance of clear communication, managing expectations, and understanding both parties' motivations and goals. With anecdotes and seasoned insights, Dr. Davini emphasizes the value of clinical mentorship...
2025-03-2627 minAll Things Chiropractic7 - Chiropractic AssistantsWelcome to another episode of All Things Chiropractic, where hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the vital role of chiropractic assistants, particularly those at the front desk. In this eye-opening discussion, Paul, who began his career as a chiropractic assistant, shares insights into why the front desk CA is the true powerhouse in any chiropractic practice.
The episode explores the various responsibilities and characteristics needed for a successful chiropractic assistant, emphasizing the pivotal first and last impressions they leave on patients. Paul and Dr. Davini also touch on their personal experiences, hiring challenges, and...
2025-03-1925 minAll Things Chiropractic6 - Artificial IntelligenceWelcome to a thought-provoking episode of All Things Chiropractic, where hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the fascinating world of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its implications in the field of chiropractic care. Subtitled "Pay No Attention to the Machine Behind the Curtain," this episode illuminates how AI is reshaping healthcare landscapes, particularly in chiropractic.
The discussion kicks off with an exploration of the evolution of AI, tracing its roots from basic algorithms to today's advanced augmented and generative intelligence. The hosts highlight the profound impact of AI on industries like insurance and healthcare, pinpointing...
2025-03-1234 minAll Things Chiropractic5 - Here Today Gone TomorrowIn this episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the crucial topic of selling your chiropractic practice. They explore the importance of valuing your practice accurately and how to boost its value over time. The discussion sheds light on factors that influence practice valuation, such as patient volume, collections, and overheads. The hosts emphasize the significance of transferability, highlighting the challenges of personality-driven practices.
Listeners will gain insights into practical steps to enhance practice "saleability", from improving office aesthetics to optimizing staff efficiency. Andrews and Davini address common pitfalls, such...
2025-03-0524 minAll Things Chiropractic4 - What has changed now that the dust has settledIn this compelling episode of "All Things Chiropractic," hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the details of the unprecedented Change Healthcare data breach that took place earlier last year. They recap what transpired, explore why it matters even if you're not directly connected with UnitedHealthcare, and discuss the ripple effects throughout the chiropractic community and beyond.
Listeners will gain insights into the complex web of healthcare service providers, including Change Healthcare's role in electronic claims processing and the far-reaching impacts of the breach on various healthcare processes, from electronic remittances to e-prescriptions.
...
2025-02-2629 minAll Things ChiropracticBonus - Shining the Light on Deborah ZollaIn this enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini welcome a unique guest, Deborah Zolla, a seasoned sales professional in the world of medical lasers. The episode, titled "Shining the Light on Deborah Zolla," delves into Deborah's fascinating journey from the fashion industry to becoming a pivotal figure in laser sales and supporting chiropractors.
Deborah shares her experiences navigating the evolving landscape of sales, emphasizing the importance of building relationships and understanding customer needs. The conversation touches on her role at Avant Wellness, a company renowned for its cutting-edge, FDA-cleared low-level...
2025-02-2151 minAll Things Chiropractic3 - TOOLS OF PRACTICEWelcome to another enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosted by Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini. This episode delves into the comprehensive support and resources offered by 'Tools of Practice' (TOP Education LLC), a concierge compliance and education company dedicated to the chiropractic profession.
The hosts clarify the importance of Tools of Practice, emphasizing it as a one-stop solution for chiropractic compliance, education, and staff training. They discuss the self-service tools available to all members, including My Videos, My References, and My Forms, designed to simplify practice management and efficiency.
Listeners will gain insight...
2025-02-1920 minAll Things Chiropractic2 - What is in your GO bagIn this enlightening episode of All Things Chiropractic, hosts Paul Andrews and Dr. Mark Davini delve into the critical topic of emergency preparedness within the chiropractic profession. As natural disasters become increasingly common, they explore how practitioners can safeguard not only their practices but also the lives of their patients and staff.
Through an engaging discussion filled with personal anecdotes and expert advice, they outline the importance of having a well-prepared chiropractic go bag as part of a comprehensive emergency action plan. Topics covered include the significance of cloud backups, the necessity of hard copies for crucial...
2025-02-1225 minAll Things Chiropractic0 - Introductions are in orderTOOLS OF PRACTICE founders, Paul Andrews and Dr Mark Davini introduce ALL THINGS CHIROPRACTIC PODCAST, themselves and the exploration of, you guessed it, All Things Chiropractic!
2025-02-0540 min
University of St Andrews Kaleidoscope Alumni Network15 minutes with... Paul Gardner: Creating opportunities.
In this episode, Paul Gardner discusses how to think about inclusion and opportunity, and the importance of transforming lives through education.
You can access a transcript of this episode using the following link: https://tinyurl.com/5n6krrmd
In this episode you will hear the voices of:
Paul Gardner, Senior Lecturer (Education Focused), School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Paul is frequently involved in the School of Psychology and Neuroscience’s outreach activities. Prior to his 1992 arrival in St Andrews, Paul worked in mental health, anti-racism research, and in coal mining.
...
2024-07-1014 min
Paul Maleary's Ex-Job Downloaded PodcastPaul AndrewsPaul Andrews had been educated at Boarding school but left school without significant qualifications. His escapade with his friends where he pierced a gas bottle to make a flame thrower ended in disaster when it exploded and put him in hospital for a month hadn’t assisted in gaining qualifications.Paul attended Wethersfield for his initial training he was then posted to policing duties in the Colchester district. He went on to serve in Halstead where he loved being a community officer. He was then selected to be a search officer. He went on his search co...
2023-12-251h 12
Leaders & Legacies30 - Adapt or Stagnate: The Power of Pivoting in Business and Career Success with The Wall Printer's Paul BaronYour host, Craig Andrews, talks with the Founder and CEO of The Wall Printer, Paul Baron. Paul is a seasoned business professional with experience in various sectors such as B2B, B2B, retail, manufacturing, distribution, international business, and franchising. He is known for his ability to develop and launch successful business concepts, leading to revenue growth and successful exits for startups and established businesses. Paul thrives in fast-paced, high-energy environments and values diversity and a positive culture.Paul is frequently invited to speak at industry events and serves as a mentor to business owners and student...
2023-10-2725 min
The Bellingham Real Estate PodcastEP: 0028 - 2008 verse 2023 & Mid-Year Market Update with Dexter AndrewsAt the mid-year point in 2023, Dexter Andrews and Paul Balzotti sit down to discuss the year to date statistics, as well as the small correlation (and major differences) between the 2008 Real Estate market crash, and the 2023 market slowdown. 00:30 Dexter Andrews background in Real Estate, beginning in Minnesota.02:40 Paul Balzotti touching on 2023 mid-year market statistics.04:00 Interest rates and how they effect home prices.06:00 Predictions for rest of 2023.08:18 The year 2008 verse 2009.12:00 Stories from 2006-2012.21:00 Talking boating with Dexter.Dexter Andrews is a Real Estate broker with nearly 30 years in the business, a...
2023-07-1122 min
PNWmtbEpisode 21: New Bike Day — Arrival of the ARRIVAL!A new mountain bike is always a special occasion, but it's also a rare one when it comes to the WeAreOne Arrival, the "handlaid" carbon mtb from a small but dedicated and extremely gifted gang out of Kamloops, British Columbia. Join The Downhill Zone's Adam Schaeffer and me as we take a deep dive into this brilliant new light enduro/all mountain/aggressive trail bike with downhill DNA built in. Index:Setup tweaks :50 Cable routing 2:20 Frame character 3:00 Industrial design 4:50 Cerakote finish 10:50 Frame protection 13:20 Cockpit 17:30 Build tweaks 19:20 Magura brakes 20:10 Mazza tires 24:30 Arrival Logo 27:00 SDG Seatpost 28:00 WeAreOne Union wheels 31:20...
2022-04-0841 min
B PositiveB - Positive - Episode 21B-Positive with Paul Andrews. On this episode Paul talks to Rachael Wallace-Lane - Allison Owen Jones. Plus 'Happy to chat' benches
2022-03-2700 minPNWmtbEpisode 20: The Downhill Zone Chronicles — The Joys of UCI World Cup DownhillAre you a fan of pro downhill mountain bike racing — the UCI World Cup circuit with legends Greg Minnaar, Aaron Gwin, Loic Bruni, Loris Vergier, Val Holl, Myriam Nicole, Nina Hoffman and others? It's hard to believe what these athletes carry off on courses most of us would find hard to walk, let along ride. Join Adam Schaeffer and me for an in-depth look at this weekend's seasonal kickoff in Lourdes, France, as well as an overview of what makes DH racing so unique in the world of professional sports. This year marks the final year of Red Bull TV...
2022-03-2553 minPNWmtbEpisode 19: The Downhill Zone Chronicles — Has Mountain Biking Hit the Wall in Innovation?Another discussion with Adam Schaeffer on the Big Picture of innovation in mountain biking. Is there anywhere left to truly innovate, or are mountain bikes pretty much as dialed as Newtonian physics will permit? Thanks for joining us, and see you at the trailhead!--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2022-03-2135 min
PNWmtbEpisode 18: The Downhill Zone Chronicles—Innovation and the Mountain Bike GearboxIn its never-ending quest to broaden its market (read sell more bikes), the mtb sector is taking another look at the internal gearbox. Gone is the derailleur, as all gearing is inside a compartment next to the bottom bracket. Is this a good idea, or another "innovation" destined to return to historical artifact. One question: Are gearboxes better suited to the expanding market of e-bikes? Join The Downhill Zone's Adam Schaeffer and me for a discussion of the pros and cons.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2022-03-1726 minPNWmtbEpisode 17: The Downhill Zone Chronicles—Innovation and the High PivotHigh-pivot mountain bikes are getting lots of attention these days as the industry looks for new ways to advance the market. In this ongoing look at innovation in the mtb sector, join The Downhill Zone's Adam Schaeffer and me as we look at whether the high pivot is really a new idea, what it brings to the table, and whether the table really benefits from the extra setting. One question: Is the high pivot more suited to the expanding market of e-bikes? Hmmm....--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2022-03-1712 minPNWmtbEpisode 16: Just Send It? Or Return to Sender?All too often on social media or out on the trail, you hear mountain bikers telling their rider friends, "Just Send It!" Is that really a good idea? We look at various other options in the mix, including saving the send till you're sure you can handle it.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2022-03-1709 minPNWmtbEpisode 15: The Downhill Zone Chronicles—Russia's Invasion of Ukraine's Impact on Mountain BikingThe Downhill Zone's Adam Schaeffer joins me for a discussion of how Russia's invasion of Ukraine may be affecting mountain biking. While neither country has much presence in the mountain bike industry or sport for that matter, the ripple effects of war could take a toll on our sport's ability to meet demand, innovate and progress.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2022-03-1715 minB PositiveB - Positive - Episode 20Dating? Does it fill you with fear or do you think positively about it? Paul talks to Lily Walford, a professional dating coach about how to get your mindset right for the dating scene, and much more.
2022-03-0200 minB PositiveB - Positive - Episode 19Paul chats to Dee Zand personal trainer. A great chat cover many issues and featuring Dee's thoughts on Self Preservation
2022-02-1400 minB PositiveB-Positive - Episode 18Episode 18 of B-Positive with Paul speaks to Steve Bridger and we take a look at all things spiritual and how this discovery changed Steve's life.
2022-01-2500 min
PNWmtbEpisode 14: PNWmtb Bike of the Year 2021!Congratulations to the winners!Short travel Bike of the Year: Pivot Trail 429, https://store.pivotcycles.com/en/enduro-trail. Locally Bothell Ski & Bike, at 425-486-3747, https://bikesale.com.Honorable mention: Rocky Mountain Element, https://bikes.com/collections/element. Locally check with Ride Bicycles, 206-985-7433, https://www.ridebicycles.com or Northwest Bicycle, 425-651-5020, www.northwestbicycle.com.Long travel Bike of the Year: Transition Spire, https://www.transitionbikes.com/Bikes_Spire.cfm. Try contacting Fanatik Bikes in Bellingham, 360-756-0504, www.fanatikbike.com.Mid-travel and Overall Winner of Bike of the...
2022-01-0210 minPNWmtbEpisode 13: Are Mountain Biking and E-mountain biking different sports?Offered for discussion and learning, not argumentation. As the popularity of emtbs grows and trails open up to their use, will the experience of mountain biking change? Here's some thoughts on the issue.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-12-1310 minPNWmtbEpisode 12: Adam Schaeffer Talks Snowshoe UCI World Cup DH—he was there!Downhill Zone owner and master wrench Adam Schaeffer witnessed rare in the USA World Cup DH mountain bike racing at Snowshoe, WVA. Here's Adam's full debrief as only he can tell it.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-09-2418 minB PositiveB-Positive - Episode 17Episode 17 of B-Positive with Paul speaks to Gemma Lonsdale and Rahel Papis
2021-09-0600 min
2021-08-2800 min2021-06-1400 min
Family Business InsightsInsight With Rebecca Falder, The Next Generation At HMG PaintsSince their incorporation in 1930 HMG Paints has been a family business and has grown to become the largest independent paint manufacturer in the UK. Generations of families have worked through the business and grown up together passing on their knowledge, expertise and passion to future generations. Whilst of course excellent paints and surface coatings are the lifeblood of their success, there is so much more to it than that. This is a family business where the values of trust, decency and exceptional service are at the core of the family business. Paul Andrews spoke to next generation family member, Rebecca...
2021-06-1029 min2021-05-3100 min
Attached to Hygiene2. Market Overview with Paul AndrewsIn this episode of “Attached to Hygiene,” Jack Hughes discusses market trends and dynamics attached to the world of disposable hygiene with Paul Andrews. Paul is Global Marketing Manager of Bostik’s Global Nonwovens Division dedicated to manufacturing adhesives for baby care, adult incontinence, and feminine hygiene products. With more than two decades of experience in this field, Paul shares insights on how the markets have evolved. Highlights include:Where disposable hygiene stands today A deeper look into market demographics Areas where loyalty is being challenged, particularly adult incontinence and feminine hygieneHow consumer needs for comfort, confid...
2021-05-2425 min
PNWmtbEpisode 11: Are Mountain Bike Trail Ratings Worth It?Color-coded geometric shapes can onlly go so far describing a mountain bike trail. With all the varieties of trails out there, do ratings really serve a purpose? Or do they mislead more than guide?--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-05-1608 minB PositiveB-Positive - Episode 11Paul chats to Ginny McKenna an ex police officer about her new career (and her dogs too)
2021-05-1000 min
PNWmtbEpisode 10: Using Apple's AirTags To Recover Your Stolen Bike!Bike owners have hoped for years something like Apple's AirTags would come along to help them track down their stolen bike. We tested the AirTag in real-life scenarios, and the results were, well, mixed. Here's the full rundown on how well AirTags work for items that aren't lost, but stolen—especially your precious bike!--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-05-1007 minPNWmtbEpisode 9: Abit Gear's Justin Vander Pol talks shorts and the PNWmtb long gameThe former advocacy wiz turned MTB apparel entrepreneur discusses how the Pacific Northwest became a magnet for mountain biking.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-05-0754 minPNWmtbEpisode 8: Can Apple's AirTag Help Recover Your Stolen Bike?Apple’s new AirTags are great for finding something that’s been lost. But what about finding something that’s been stolen—like your bike?--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-05-0403 minPNWmtbEpisode 7: Michelle Valko feeds the stoke!If any one person can qualify as the PNW's mountain biking ambassador, Michelle Valko would be it. Here we explore how she got into mountain biking, where she loves to ride, and what she feels makes PNWmtb so special.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-04-301h 032021-04-0700 min2021-03-1500 min2021-03-1000 min2021-03-1000 minPNWmtbEpisode 6: Thwart That Bike Thief!Strategies for preventing, or at least deterring, bike theft. This is a followup to our previous podcast on how I got my stolen bike back. There's lots of things you can do to slow down or discourage a bike thief, but the best mindset to have is that, short of constant physical contact with your bike, you can only hope to make things as difficult as possible for the creep. Good luck, it's a tough world out there.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-03-0908 minPNWmtbEpisode 5: How I Got My Stolen Bike BackBike theft is on the rise, particularly as more folks are riding due to the pandemic. When my bike got stolen from a storefront in North Seattle, I figured it was sayonara baby. But sometimes you get lucky, and here's how I managed to recover my bike.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-03-0822 minPNWmtbEpisode 4: Bike Prices Are On The Rise—What Can We Do?The Pandemic Tax is hitting the bike industry, with Santa Cruz Bicycles set to raise prices across the board by 10 percent. Other bike makers are rolling out new models with premium pricing. The industry could certainly handle things better from a customer relations standpoint, but is there anything we consumers can do? Or even should do, since pricing on commodities everywhere is on the rise along with anticipated spikes in inflation. In any case, be prepared to open your wallets 10 percent more...--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-03-0507 minPNWmtbEpisode 3: E-bike buyers: Should you e-wait for the e-bate?You’re thinking about getting an electric bike but you keep hearing about maybe there’s gonna be a rebate. Should you e-wait for the e-bate? To get people to ditch their cars and lower their carbon footprint, there’s lots of new legislation floating around at the state and federal level. A bill has been introduced to Congress offering a rebate of up to $1500 on e-bike purchases. And here in the PNW, there’s WA state proposal to exempt ebikes from sales tax, which at around 10 percent would save hundreds of dollars off a typical ebike purchase...
2021-02-2706 min
PNWmtbEpisode 2: Pivot's New Trail 429: Is this a good bike for PNWmtb?Some initial thoughts on where the Trail 429 fits in the Pacific Northwest mountain biking scene.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-02-2406 minPNWmtbEpisode 1: Introductory Podcast—Welcome!Why a podcast dedicated to mountain biking in the great Pacific Northwest? Because the sport is exploding here! Join us as we celebrate all things mtb in the PNW.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-andrews08/message
2021-02-2205 min
Enterprising Families PodcastPaul Andrews shares on what keeps Family Businesses United.Paul Andrews shares on what keeps Family Businesses United.
About: Brought up in a family business Paul has continued to work with them throughout his career, from audit clients to developing a family business consultancy service to them for Grant Thornton, to being the non-family MD of one and then establishing a leading family business resource centre, developing an online family business community and becoming editor-in-chief of the bespoke magazine, Family Business.
Throughout my career Paul has interviewed clients, developed plans to deal with their issues, written case studies and feature pieces, conducted research, organised...
2020-12-0830 min
B PositiveB-Positive - Episode 1Paul tracks down an old friend who used to be a magician and stand up comic. Steve Bedwell now lives in the United States and is one of the top motivational professional speakers. Steve explores his ideas about mental energy and how we can tailor our actions to fit our motivation. Paul also speaks to Sarah Punch, an Australian Music Therapist who explores how being grateful can make us more positive and motivated.
2020-10-0500 min
Paul's E-Learning Podcast#11 - Creating free websites with GoogleIn this episode, Paul provides an outline of a recent workshop we ran which showcased several free online tools that individuals and orgnaisations could use to create websites for free & avoid a monthly hosting fee.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/uKPd9ja9mv0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-12-1613 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#10 - Google Apps for businessA brief overview of a talk which Paul provided to businesses in Telford, giving an overview of several free services provided by Google which individuals and organisations can use to make their working lives easier by increasing productivity while at the same time, reducing their bottom line.
Links to all resources mentioned can be found here: www.paulselearning.com/about/portfolio/google-apps-4-business
Image by Valentyna Sagan (Own work)
[CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/iwyY1N8jIfw" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-11-2613 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#9 - Windows XP end of lifeIn this episode Paul provides an overview of a new service we are launching for people who are using Windows XP, which is being retired by Microsoft on the 8th of April 2014.
More details about this service can be found here:
http://www.paulselearning.com/windows-xp
We've also made another Top 100 list and added several new free resources to the website, links to all of which can be found here:
http://bit.ly/PaulsElearningPodcast9
Thanks for listening!
:)
Paul.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/YOSMgeMO6bY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-11-1807 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#8 - Life after PowerpointFor links to all resources mentioned, please visit: http://bit.ly/lifeafterppt
In this episode, Paul provides an overview of a 5 hour workshop he delivered at Caerphilly ICE on 16th October 2013 in conjunction with Software Alliance, Wales.
The aim of the workshop was to showcase free tools and resources which businesses could use to create and deliver effective presentations.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/-Dx3KyCpVKI" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-10-2726 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#7 - Delivering creative #training.In this episode, Paul provides and overview of a 45 minute workshop he delivered at the Cardiff & South Wales Occupational Health & Safety group Annual Seminar on 9th October 2013.
The aim of the workshop was to showcase four free web based tools which Health & safety trainers could make use of in their own training sessions, which enabled them to enhance their existing provision in ways which were previously deemed prohibitively expensive or technically challenging to implement.
Links to all resources mentioned can be found via: http://bit.ly/creativetraining<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/oPRok128...
2013-10-1710 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#6 - 7 new FREE tools added to the site.To make up for last week's lack of new free stuff, we've done a double update and added 7 new free tools to the main website (www.PaulsElearning.com)
In this episode, Paul gives a brief rundown of each new tool/resource and how you can use them to work smarter, not harder.
All of the tools mentioned in this podcast can be found here: http://bit.ly/1aK8Tlp<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/uP2XA9FgXyQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-10-0207 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#5 - Using Google Drive to track gradesIn this episode Paul talks about the work we have been doing with schools in Shropshire, utilising Google Drive spreadsheets to create a bespoke grade tracking system which will save the staff hundreds of hours of paperwork.
He also discusses our new GCSE and A-Level maths tuition service and Computing 123 (http://www.computing123.com), our new comprehensive ICT and computing support service for schools and colleges.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/MjXJfDpRAw8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-09-2509 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#3 Useful iPad apps for primary schoolsIn this, the first 'proper' episode, Paul talks about a recent workshop he ran for primary school teachers wanting to make the most out of their new iPads.
Links to all apps mentioned can be found here:
http://bit.ly/ipadbirch
If you would like to contact us about the podcast then please do so via any of the methods listed here:
http://www.paulselearning.com/contact
Credits: "New Blood" intro & outtro music by kriskeyser.com & used with his kind permission.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/MbGS8I8xn_s" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-09-0911 minPaul's E-Learning Podcast#2 An interview with Paul AndrewsThis is an episode of Electric Sheep, a podcast focusing on free and open source tools where Paul was interviewed about the creation and remit of Paul's E-Learning Resources.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/ydM44W_QuyI" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-09-051h 00Paul's E-Learning Podcast#1 - Working smarter, not harderThis is a recording of a conference talk which Paul delivered on the 3rd of July 2013 to university support staff working at the University of South Wales.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/PaulsElearningPodcast/~4/vmXuD4g8HTU" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>
2013-08-0131 min