Shows
A Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, winners and losers as the long-awaited state budge emerges from the House.This week on A Lively Experiment, the state budget finally emerges from the House; we'll tell you about likely winners and losers. Plus, a date and a new price tag for the Washington Bridge. Moderator Jim Hummel hears outrages and kudos from Rhode Island GOP National Committeewoman Sue Cienki, former state representative Nick Gorham and Step Machado of the Boston Globe and RI PBS Weekly. 2025-06-1429 min
Rhode Island PBS WeeklyJune 1, 2025 - Losing Lobsters/ Rhode Island's Eroding History / Weekly InsightOn this episode, Michelle San Miguel reports on how climate change is fueling the dwindling lobster population off the Rhode Island coast. Then, Pamela Watts takes ah look at how climate change and rising sea levels threaten some of Rhode Island’s historical and iconic homes. Both stories are part of our continuing Green Seeker series. Finally, Michelle San Miguel and our contributor, WPRI 12’s Politics Editor Ted Nesi discuss transportation director Peter Alviti’s response to Rhode Island PBS Weekly’s Washington Bridge investigation.2025-06-0925 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, Senate response to the House's attempt to block proposed Cabinet pay raises.This week on A Lively Experiment, the Senate says not so fast to a House move to block Cabinet pay raises. Plus, we hear from those hit hardest by Trump cuts to local medical research. Moderator Jim Hummel gets analysis from former State Representative Barbara Ann Fenton-Fung, Billy Hunt of the Libertarian Party of Rhode Island and Boston Globe Reporter/RI PBS Weekly Contributor Steph Machado.2025-05-1729 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, the first American chosen a Pope and pro soccer finally comes to Pawtucket.This week on A Lively Experiment, what we can expect from the first American picked as Pope. Plus, cheers as pro soccer finally arrives in Pawtucket, but what are the odds of financial success? And is Rhode Island ready for the Real Housewives? Moderator Jim Hummel talks with former RI Attorney General Arlene Violet, Dan McGowan of the Boston Globe, and Rhode Island KIDS COUNT's Paige Parks.2025-05-1029 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, who will succeed Senate President Ruggerio & a plan to boost housing stock.This week on A Lively Experiment, the legacy of Senate President Dominick Ruggerio and questions left in the wake of his passing. Plus, an ambitious plan to hike Rhode Island's housing stock. Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by Bill Bartholomew of the Bartholomewtown Podcast, former Cranston Mayor Allan Fung & Mary Barden, the Executive Director of the National Education Association Rhode Island.2025-04-2629 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively: left without a PCP in a provider shortage, as Anchor Medical prepares to closeThis week on A Lively Experiment: thousands of Rhode Islanders face the daunting task of finding a PCP during a doctor shortage as Anchor Medical prepares to shut down. Can patients push back? Joining moderator Jim Hummel are Joe Larisa , attorney & former Gov. Almond’s Chief of Staff plus attorney & former prosecutor Eva Mancuso & Bill Lynch, former Chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic party.2025-04-1229 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, what can be done about Rhode Island's skyrocketing electric bills?This week on A Lively Experiment, the ripple effect of federal cuts in Rhode Island. Plus, what can be done to reduce your skyrocketing electric bill? One legislator proposes cuts to clean energy initiatives. Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by Weayonnoh Nelson-Davies of The Economic Progress Institute, former State Representative Nick Gorham and WPRI-TV Digital Content Producer, Raymond Baccari.2025-03-0129 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively: cheers & jeers for a federal judge in RI in a legal brawl over funding cuts.This week on A Lively Experiment, at what point do government cuts spark public opposition? A federal judge in Rhode Island is at the center of the fight. Plus, find out how the Ocean State would be affected by federal education cuts. Host Ian Donnis is joined by former RI GOP National Committeeman Steve Frias, reporter Nancy Lavin of Rhode Island Current and political contributor Robert Walsh.2025-02-2229 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, protests over presidential actions in Rhode Island and nationwide.This week on a Lively Experiment: breaking down this week's head-spinning directives from President Trump. Plus, a video raises the question: was it planned demolition or collapse at the Washington Bridge? Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by Boston Globe reporter and RI PBS Weekly contributor, Steph Machado plus political contributor Don Roach and Billy Hunt of the Libertarian Party of RI.2025-02-0829 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, the highs and lows of 2024 plus our predictions for the year ahead.This week on a Lively Experiment, moderator Jim Hummel is joined by Ian Donnis of The Public's Radio, Boston Globe Reporter and RI PBS Weekly Contributor Steph Machado, and Brown University Political Science professor Wendy Schiller. It's nearly a wrap on 2024! Join us for a look back on the highs and lows of the past 12 months plus some predictions for the year ahead in Rhode Island.2024-12-2829 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively: the response to a breach of RI's public benefits computer system.This week on a Lively Experiment: scrutiny of state response to the cyberattack worrying thousands of Rhode Islanders. There were warnings ahead of the breach of the public benefits computer system. Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by Ian Donnis of The Public's Radio, Boston Globe Reporter and RI PBS Weekly Contributor Steph Machado, and Brown University Political Science professor Wendy Schiller.2024-12-2129 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, Trump gets a second term in a not-so-close race & how Rhode Islanders voted.This week on A Lively Experiment: what a second Trump Administration looks like; Rhode Island's Senate leader keeps his seat; and a lead attorney quits the Washington Bridge case. Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by attorney and former Chief of Staff to Governor Almond, Joe Larisa; Brown University Political Science Professor, Wendy Schiller; and Bill Bartholomew of The Bartholomewtown Podcast.2024-11-0928 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSOn Lively, controversy even after the governor is cleared of charges in the ILO caseThis week on a Lively Experiment: no fire but plenty of smoke even after Governor McKee is cleared of charges in the ILO investigation. The controversy continues in a war of words. Plus, an even longer timeline for the Washington Bridge? Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by former Rhode Island Attorney General Arlene Violet, Ken Block of Watchdog Rhode Island, and Boston Globe Columnist Dan McGowan.2024-11-0229 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, officials answer the public's questions about the Washington Bridge.his week on a Lively Experiment, state officials answer the public's questions about the Washington Bridge and outline a pushed-back timetable. Plus, rising friction between Providence and the state over school funding. Moderator Jim Hummel is joined by former Cranston mayor Allan Fung, Rhode Island Current reporter Nancy Lavin and former chair of the Rhode Island Democratic Party Bill Lynch.2024-10-1928 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, primary election results and the latest on the Washington Bridge.This week on A Lively Experiment, the local take on the Presidential Debate, low voter turnout in Rhode Island's primary races, and news on a few fronts about the troubled Washington Bridge. Joining moderator Jim Hummel for Outrages and Kudos are political contributor Don Roach, Rhode Island GOP National Committeewoman Sue Cienki, and Political Contributor Bob Walsh.2024-09-1429 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThis week on Lively, Washington Bridge litigation and shoreline access news.This week on A Lively Experiment, why the AG says the Washington Bridge lawsuit needs his approval, plus the timeline for replacement. Also, is shoreline access about to change for Rhode Island beachgoers? Joining Moderator Jim Hummel are Former Rhode Island Attorney General Arlene Violet, Harrison Tuttle of Black Lives Matter RI PAC, and Former National Committeeman of the RI GOP, Steve Frias.2024-08-1728 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSWashington Bridge updates and the future of affordable housing in Rhode Island.Boston Globe Reporter Steph Machado, The Providence Journal's Patrick Anderson and Nancy Lavin from Rhode Island Current join Moderator Jim Hummel to discuss affordable housing in Rhode Island and the latest on the Washington Bridge.2024-05-0428 minRhode Island PBS WeeklyMarch 10, 2024 - Kids Having Kids / Rhode Island's Abandoned Places / Housing CrisisOn this episode of Rhode Island PBS Weekly, Michelle San Miguel reports on efforts to reduce teen pregnancy in Rhode Island. Then, for our continuing My Take series, producer Isabella Jibilian introduces us to Rhode Island filmmaker and urban explorer Jason Allard who gives us his take on why the State’s iconic, but abandoned buildings should not be forgotten. Finally, Michelle San Miguel and Ted Nesi discuss how soaring home prices in Rhode Island continue to fuel a housing shortage on this episode of Weekly Insight.2024-03-1124 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSA look at what 2023 had in store for Rhode Island, and predictions for 2024.Our special end-of-year program: Brown University Professor Wendy Schiller, The Public’s Radio Ian Donnis, and Former URI Professor Maureen Moakley join Moderator Jim Hummel to discuss the top local and national stories of 2023, the biggest winners and losers of 2023, moments that could only happen in Rhode Island, and the panel makes their predictions for what 2024 has in store for Rhode Island and the U.S.2023-12-2328 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSWhat the voters decided around Rhode Island on election day.The Boston Globe’s Steph Machado, Political Strategist Rob Horowitz, and Chairman of the RI GOP Joe Powers join Moderator Jim Hummel to discuss election day results, along with other news around the state. We interview Sen. Zurier on alternate voting options, and interview the Presidents of Rhode Island PBS and The Public’s Radio to discuss their newly planned merger.2023-11-1128 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSCorruption, trust in government, and McKee’s approval rating - what Rhode Islanders care about in state politics.Political Science Professors from Brown - Wendy Schiller, URI - Emily Lynch, and Providence College - Adam Myers, join Moderator Jim Hummel to dissect results from a URI poll on Rhode Islanders’ attitudes towards politics, as well as Attorney General Peter Neronha announcing a possible run for governor and reactions to the CD1 debate from this week. Then in an extra segment, they discuss the latest in national politics, including a new speaker of the house and a looming federal shutdown. 2023-11-0437 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSA handful of investigative reports on the RI government.The Boston Globe’s Dan McGowan, Rhode Island PBS Weekly Contributor Steph Machado, and Former Chairman of the RI Democratic Party Bill Lynch join Moderator Jim Hummel to discuss a report that shows hundreds of RI kids not receiving timely and critical care, the DHS struggles to fill roles, the state vehicle fleet behind goal of going electric, plus the future of Mayor Smiley’s PILOT program. 2023-09-3028 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSTrump faces more indictments, plus Sabina Matos pushes back.National Committeewoman for the RI GOP Sue Cienki, Attorney and Legal Analyst Lou Pulner, and Political Contributor Jim Vincent join Moderator Jim Hummel to discuss a congressman from NY comes to Sabina Matos’s defense, former President Trump faces more indictments, affirmative action struck down, plus an interview with Rhode Island PBS Scholarship Winner, Isabella Ba.2023-08-1928 min
Rhode Island PBS WeeklyDecember 11, 2022 - Window on Rhode Island / Thrifty Business / Pamela Watts AwardOn this episode, take a look inside the Nature Lab at Rhode Island School of Design, where unusual creatures are the norm. Then, a second look at how millennials and Generation Z are embracing thrift shopping for environmental reasons. Plus, career highlights from Pamela Watts, Rhode Island PBS Weekly host and now winner of the Silver Circle Award from the New England Chapter of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. 2022-12-1228 min
Positive Aging With Patricia RaskinDr. Brian Duff - Hearing Loss SolutionsToday we are talking about hearing loss in our older adult years and the use of cochlear implants to restore hearing. My guest is Dr. Brian E. Duff, an ENT-otolaryngologist in Providence, Rhode Island who is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital. Dr. Duff will be interviewed with a patient and cochlear implant recipient.2022-11-2221 minPositive Aging With Patricia RaskinKerry Hannon - Career Success After 50Today we are talking with Kerry Hannon, author of In Control at 50+: How to Succeed in the New World of Work. Kerry is currently a senior columnist for Yahoo Finance and an on-air expert. She was a personal finance and entrepreneurship expert on the PBS website NextAvenue.org. and has appeared as a career and financial expert on PBS. 2022-09-2026 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSThe panel analyzes the results from Rhode Island primary racesRI GOP Chairwoman Sue Cienki, Boston Globe Columnist Dan McGowan, and Political Strategist Rob Horowitz join Moderator Jim Hummel to analyze the results from the Rhode Island primary races. Support the show2022-09-1728 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSRI gov. attack ads begin, plus the 2022 Rhode Island PBS Foundation Scholarship Winner.Republican Strategist Lisa Pelosi, Retired Professor Pablo Rodriguez, and RI Republican National Committeeman Steve Frias join moderator Jim Hummel to discuss the first attack ads from RI governor candidates, endorsements in the Providence mayoral race, President Biden announces controversial student loan relief, plus an interview with the 2022 Rhode Island PBS Foundation Scholarship Winner. Support the show2022-08-2728 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSA parliamentary two step in the Rhode Island Senate has opponents of gun control seething/should the state kick in millions of additional dollars for a proposed soccer stadium project in PawtucketJoining us on the panel, Maureen Moakley Retired Professor of Political Science at the University of Rhode Island, Attorney and Legal analyst Lou Pulner, and Former State Representative Jon BrienSupport the show2022-06-1828 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSFirst poll of the election cycle yield some interesting results/ budget news in Rhode IslandJoining us on the panel Sue Cienki chairwoman of the Rhode Island Republican Party, Political contributors Scott McKay, and attorney and Former Providence mayor Angel TaverasSupport the show2022-05-2128 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSanother week another $3000 bonus for another group of State Workers / Rhode Islanders are being asked choose a new license plate designJoining us with there perspective, Political Strategist Rob Horowitz, Sue Cienkie, Chairwoman of the Rhode Island Republican Party and Political Contributor Don RoachSupport the show2022-03-1928 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSGasoline Prices reach historic levels here and across the country/ Exodus of Directors from the McKee Administration continuesJoining us with their perspective Billy Hunt, Chairman of the Libertarian party of Rhode Island, Jim Vincent President of the Providence branch of the NAACP and Bob Walsh Executive Director of the National Education Association Rhode IslandSupport the show2022-03-1228 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSGovernors Race/ Coveted open Congressional seat/ should Rhode Island change the way they elect their candidatesThis week on a Lively Experiment whose in and whose out in the Governors Race and now a suddenly coveted open Congressional seat and should Rhode Island change the way they elect their candidates. Joining us on the pannel LeeAnn Sennick National Committee Women for the Rhode Island Publican Party, Attorney and former prosecutor Eva-Marie Mancuso and Boston Globe columnist Dan McGowan.Support the show2022-01-2929 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSCovid Money/ Booster ShotsThis week on A Lively Experiment, Rhode Island is a wash in federal covid money, and while much of the focus is on how the state will use it's share, what about the cities and towns? And the state opens up booster shot eligibility for everyone, as infection numbers trend upward...again.Joining us this week, Jim Vincent, President of the Providence branch of the NAACP. Bill Lynch, former chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic Party. And, republican strategist, Lisa Pelosi.Support the show2021-11-2029 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSRhode Island in Lockdown/ Education CommisionerThis week on A Lively Experiment, how long will the state of Rhode Island be in a state of emergency? The governor has to make the decision to renew the order again. And it's official, the commissioner of education gets a three-year contract extension but she's not getting support everywhere.Joining us this week, Bob Walsh executive director for the National Education Association of Rhode Island. Lee Ann Sennick, national committeewoman of the RI GOP. And Boston Globe columnist, Dan Mcgowan, Support the show2021-11-1329 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSTrouble in Afghanistan/ PBS Scholarship WinnerThis week on A Lively Experiment, The continued fallout from the US withdraw from Afghanistan, what our local delegation has to say. And, we'll introduce you to the winner of this years Rhode Island PBS scholarship.Joining us this week, Lee Ann Sennick, National Committeewoman of the Rhode Island Republican Party. Bill Lynch, Chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic Party. And, attorney and legal analyst Lou Pulner.Support the show2021-08-2129 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSA Lively Experiment!Hello Everyone, welcome to A Lively Experiment! Here you'll find all things Rhode Island Politics. You can still catch every episode online, plus, video extras when thirty minutes just isn't enough. Also, keep catching us wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts or of course on Friday's and Sunday's on our Rhode Island PBS Television Channel.All you have to do is visit our station website "ripbs.org/lively" and you can find it all in one convenient place.Support the show (http://ripbs.org)2021-07-1400 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSNew Gov. Candidate/ The Great UnmaskingThis week on A Lively Experiment, the first top-tier candidate for next years governors race makes it official with a different kind of announcement. And, as the great unmasking continues in Rhode Island, people in businesses are adjusting to the new normal.Joining us this week, Dan McGowan, columnist for The Boston Globe. Former Attorney General, Arlene Violet. And Bob Walsh, Executive director for the Nation Education Association - Rhode Island.Support the show2021-05-2929 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSRI Congressional Seats/COVID Restrictions LiftedThis week on a Lively Experiment, Rhode Island dodges a bullet, keeping both its Congressional seats, we’ll tell you how it happened. And more COVID restrictions are being rolled back, what will this summer look like?Joining us this week, Sue Cienki, chairwoman of the Rhode Island Republican Party. Attorney and legal analyst, Lou Pulner. And Ian Donnis, political and investigative reporter for The Public’s Radio.Support the show2021-05-0129 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSVaccine Availability/ RI Police Bill of RightsThis week on A Lively Experiment, The supply of vaccine in Rhode Island is now meeting the demand, we’ll have some thoughts on why. And, is this the year changes to the policemen's bill of rights will make it through the General Assembly?Joining us this week, Former state representative, Nick Gorham, Bill Lynch, former chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic party. And Republican strategist, Lisa PelosiSupport the show2021-04-2429 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSDante Wright and RI Policing/ J&J Vaccine Pause This week on a Lively Experiment: The events in Minnesota coincide with discussion here in Rhode Island about policing. And a pause on one vaccine. How will that play with the public’s confidence in the program? Joining us this week, Angel Taveras, former Mayor of Providence. Political contributor Scott MacKay. And former Rhode Island Attorney General, Arlene Violet.Support the show2021-04-1729 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSClimate Control Bill/ Mandatory Vaccinations?This week on A Lively Experiment, a wide ranging bill aimed at climate control passes the general assembly. We'll tell you what those for and against are saying about it. And, with COVID vaccinations soon to become universally available, will they become mandatory for school and travel.Joining us this week, Lee Ann Sennick, National Committeewoman for the Rhode Island Republican party. Billy Hunt, Secretary for the Libertarian party of Rhode Island. And Boston Globe reporter, Ed FitzpatrickSupport the show2021-04-1029 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSRhode Island's New Governor/ Federal FundsThis week on A Lively Experiment, out with the old, in with the new, as Dan McKee moves up one flight at the Rhode Island State House. And Rhode Island may be bailed out with a windfall of federal money, but how should we spent it? Joining us this week, Mark Smiley, former chairman of the Rhode Island Republic Party. Former United States Congressman, Bob Weygand. And, Republican Strategist, Lisa Pelosi.Support the show2021-03-0629 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSChanging of Govs/ State Bond VoteThis week on a Lively Experiment, the end is in sight for The Raimondo Administration. What will her legacy be as governor? And, Rhode Islanders have a election next week, but no candidates. We talk to a local expert about the seven bond questions that will be on the ballot.Joining us this week, Corporate Communications Consultant and former TV news anchor, Dave Layman. Sue Cienki, chairwoman of the Rhode island Republican Party. And, WPRI Target 12 investigator, Tim White.Support the show2021-02-2729 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSGov. Raimondo off to Washington/ Trump Impeached Second TimeThis week on A Lively Experiment, a changing of the guard at the Rhode Island State House as Governor Raimondo is going to Washington. And, Donald Trump is impeached for a historic second time, with just days left in his presidency.Joining us this week, Attorney and Legal Analyst, Lou Pulner. Bill Lynch, Former Chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic Party. And, Republican Strategist, Lisa Pelosi.Support the show2021-01-1629 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSLocal Elections/Getting Lawmakers to WorkThis week on A Lively Experiment, a panel of candidates for state and local office this year, what did they learn from the campaign trail? Plus, a growing call for lawmakers to come off the sidelines and get to work.Joining us this week, Political Contributor, Don Roach. Former State Representative and Co-Chair of the Rhode Island Trump 2020 campaign, Doreen Costa. And, Billy Hunt, Secretary for the Libertarian Party of Rhode Island.Support the show2020-12-1129 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSRise in Covid-19 Cases/ElectionThis week on A Lively Experiment, Rhode Island sees a dramatic spike in Covid-19 cases, what will this mean heading into the winter season? And President Trump refuses to throw in the towel, how will that affect the transition of power? Joining us this week, Pablo Rodriguez, Retired Professor from the Warren Alpert Medical School. Lee Ann Sennick, National Committeewoman for the Rhode Island GOP. And former State Representative, Nick Gorham.Support the show2020-11-1429 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSPresidential Race/Rhode Island ElectionsThis week on A Lively Experiment, a Presidential race that was a lot closer than the polls projected...again. And, the main event in Rhode Island that turned out to be an unexpected blowout. Setting off a scramble for power at the statehouse.Joining us this week, Scott MacKay from the Public's Radio. Republican Strategist, Lisa Pelosi. And, former State Representative, Mike Marcello. Support the show2020-11-0729 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSLawsuit against the Governor/ Sprint to Election DayThis week on A Lively Experiment, a group of Rhode Islanders says "Enough". Filing a federal lawsuit against Governor Raimondo, we'll tell you what it's all about. And the sprint to election day, the Presidential candidates crisscross the country with one last pitch. But are there any undecided voters left?Joining us this week, Wendy Schiller, Political Science Professor at Brown University. Joe Trillo, Former State Representative and Honorary Chairman of the Rhode Island Trump campaign in 2016. And former U.S. Congressman, Bob Weygand. Support the show2020-10-2429 minA Lively Experiment - Presented by Rhode Island PBSEarly Voting/ Supreme Court NomineeThis week on A Lively Experiment, early voting is under way, how many will take advantage of it? And, how many will be taking out mail ballots? Plus, Senate hearings are under way for a Supreme Court nominee. We sit down with the Former Dean of the Roger Williams University Law School, for his take on the future of the court.Joining us this week, Attorney and Legal Analyst, Lou Pulner. Sue Cienki, Chairwoman for the Rhode Island Republican Party. And, Former Chairman of the State's Democratic party, Bill Lynch.Support the show2020-10-2329 min