Shows
Political BarkIn conversation with H.E Avi Nir Feldklein, ambassador to Israel in Norway 🇮🇱🇳🇴Welcome to a episode of PB; Great with the Israeli Ambassador to Norway. We discussed the ongoing protests in Israel against the governments changes to the judiciary system and appointment of judges, the war in Europe and it’s impact on Israel as well as the Israeli-Palestine conflict. Tune in 💯2023-02-2532 min
Political BarkIn conversation with writer Amal Ghandour (Lebanon)Amal has dedicated her life and career to breaking stereotypes about Arabs (especially Arab women) from her native country of Lebanon. This fall, she is releasing a new book that gives the world an intimate glimpse into the “silent” Arab generation that came of political age in the 1980s. Read more about miss Ghandour here: https://amalghandour.com2022-10-1833 min
Political BarkIn conversation with the Hungarian Ambassador to France 🇫🇷 🇭🇺 H.E Georg Von Habsburg.Dear listener, thank you for tuning in again to Political Bark, for an interesting and important interview with the Hungarian Ambassador to France. We discuss French-Hungarian relations, the war in Europe, economic changes and political unity in Europe. Most importantly we also discuss what “to tell the youth” about the multiple crisis’ that are ongoing, in light of the Ambassadors late father, Otto Von Habsburg, and his wisdom both in life and politics. To know more about what advice Von Habsburg might have given, and what the Ambassador says - make sure to tune in!2022-08-1045 min
Political BarkUniversal laws and society in 2022How come some people slide through life, love, business succesfully while others simply fumble and fall? This monologue is a small dive into reflections I have these days, about universal law, certain truths of life and the environment we find ourselves in right now. Xoxo - miss astrology 😂2022-07-2113 min
Political BarkPolitical Bark in conversation with H.E the Turkish Ambassador to Norway“The EU and Türkiye partnership in 2022”2022-06-1351 min
Political BarkOn «Being the good Arab» - A debate on racism in French societyRacism and discrimination are sadly common occurences in France in 2022. Here is an insider conversation on this topic and a snapshot into the life of Algerian born Iskander Ramadan, live from Marseille, France. Tune in!2022-04-2241 min
Political BarkInterview with the Egyptian Ambassador to Norway: New perspectives on the Ukraine/Russia warIn this episode of Political Bark I speak with the Egyptian Ambassador to Norway about the Ukraine/Russia War and Egypt's more pragmatic position.
As I discuss with H.E the Ambassador, right now, in this intense and volatile global climate, it is required that we look for solutions that lead to peace and communication instead of those leading to war.
In order to get new and refreshing perspectives on solutions t we need to hear from those countries that are acting and positioned more neutrally in this war.
Egypt is such a cou...2022-04-0632 min
Political BarkSnapshot from Hungary: The War in Ukraine, refugees and Hungarian responsesIn this week's episode of Political Bark I am speaking with the Hungarian Ambassador to Norway, H.E. Eszter Sandorfi. We are discussing the Hungarian responses to the Ukrainian - Russian war, and the ongoing refugee inflow coming across the border from Ukraine. In only 3 weeks, we see more than 200.000 refugees entering Hungary from Ukraine. This inflow has naturally caused a need for an immediate and elevated effort from both the Hungarian government and its people. In this 'Snapshot from Hungary' - episode we get first hand insights into these responses from the ambassador, whom recently returned from Budapest.2022-03-1817 min
Political Bark🇺🇦 🇷🇺 Panelsamtale om Ukraina, Russland og Europa.En panelsamtale, samlet rundt langbordet Hos Arne, med gjestene Christoffer Hjelm, Olga Abilova, Cecilie Hellestveit, Anatolii Kyryliuk og Sophie Matláry som moderator. En dialog om demokrati, diktatur og krig i Europa 🇺🇦🇷🇺 (🎧🎤 Dette er en audiofil tatt opp direkte fra samtalen og det er derfor til tider bakgrunnsstøy).2022-03-061h 23
Political BarkUkraine and RussiaWith the Chairman of the Political Science Youth organization of Bulgaria, Sergey Petrov, Political Bark tackles the topic of the ongoing crisis between Ukraine, Russian and the West. In this conversation we discuss a weakened EU, and a tactical and strategic strong Kremlin. The biggest loser is Ukraine, which since the war in 2014 contines to suffer from a weakened economy and society due to external pressures. Tune in!2022-02-2132 min
Political BarkGjengkriminalitet i Oslo: Et reelt resultat av utenforskapHvordan kan vi hjelpe unge ut av gjengmiljøer og ut av kriminelle miljøer? I denne episoden av Political Bark snakker jeg med Usman Ali (Oslo Kommune) som jobber med ungdomskriminelle hver dag, og som vet veldig mye om gjengmiljøer i Oslo etter ti-års erfaring som Politibetjent der (PB3), som vokst opp på Grorud i en Norsk-Pakistansk familie, og som har jobbet lenge i det offentlige med unge kriminelle. Usman kan alt om verktøyene som vil bidra til å hjelpe unge ut av kriminelle miljøer - da han bruker disse hver da - og han vet hva s...2021-12-0542 min
Political BarkThe future of the EU: Enlarged or broken?Are you curious about the future of the EU?
Then you should listen in to this conversation with Politicking me Off (Kaniskh, University of Mumbai), as we discuss potential scenarios for the future of the EU, and the ongoing crisis between Brussels/Von Der Leyen and Poland - Hungary.
As all political issues are, this is also a highly complicated and conflictual one that needs a great deal of attention and care right now. We both hope for a smooth solution to the crisis, and an EU where member states and their sovereignty remains respected, w...2021-11-0137 min
Political BarkLive from Kabul with Karim KakarHi listeners! Are you curious about events happening in Afghanistan and in Kabul from a local’s perspective? Then please make sure to listen to this episode where we discuss the Taliban, women’s situation today, every day life with the Taliban, the economy, and how recent events have changed Afghanistan, in just some months. My guest is Karim Kakar, PHD student at Punjab University.2021-10-0132 min
Political BarkAfghanistan 2.0 with Joseph Salomonsen (University of Agder)Are you looking for a full picture of Afghanistan in 2021? Are you looking to get an understanding of the local population, their views on the Talibans & their relation to them? Do you know who the stakeholders in the region are? What about the national interest of Turkey, Qatar and Pakistan in the conflict? Afghan women and the Taliban, or how they will be treated onwards? What about the US’s quick pull out, and the damage done to its reputation as a key security & peacekeeper internationally? Hear this, and more, in Afghanistan 2.0 🇦🇫, 20 years after 9/11.2021-09-1359 min
Political BarkQ&A and interview with Sandra Gathmann (Al Jazeera EN)Welcome to a new episode of Political Bark !
In this episode of Political Bark I speak with writer and presenter Sandra Gathmann (Al Jazeera) about her life, career and perspectives on journalism in 2021. This conversation is a relaxed, informal and friendly chat that I hope you enjoyed listening to it as much as I did recording it!
Photo credit: AJ EN2021-08-151h 01
Political BarkLebanon 2021: A result of mismanagement and corrupt leaders for decadesJoin me in this week's episode of Political Bark straight from the square outside the Norwegian Parliament where I speak with my good friend Lea, from Beirut.
We are gathered today on the 04 of August 2021 to commemorate the tragic event that happened a year ago in Beirut, where 200+ lost their lives and 6500+ were injured. Lebanon is in a deep crisis; political, economic, social. And the future is dark. With mismanagement and corruption being the norm for decades, the future of the country is simply put, depressing.
The only solution now is a strong French plan for the country and for th...2021-08-0412 min
Political Bark1991-2021: From a unipolar world order, to a multipolar one?Welcome to a new episode of Political Bark
In this episode I interview Halvard Wideroe, a political scientists and engineer. We discuss the 'small' topic of the world moving from a 'unipolar setting' to a 'multipolar world order'. We have all seen the cold relationship between China, Russia and the US/West. We are actually in the middle of somewhat of a propaganda war between the two poles. What we are seeing is in my opinion a shift from a world order, to another one. This means that power dynamics, alliances, and the economy is shifting, replacing...2021-07-2444 min
Political BarkRussia in 2021: With Researcher Jakub Godzmirski (NUPI)Are you curious about local events in Russia in 2021? Check out this recent episode that Political Bark has done with an expert in the field: Jakub Godzmirski.
I ask Jakub about Russia's place in the world: In terms of the high north (Arctic), the USA, Norway, as a force to be reckoned with, and as a main producer of crude oil and gas. What happens when we switch to more renewable energy forms and our dependency (EU) on Russia lessens? Which role will Russia play in the world the next decade? An important one a...2021-06-0750 min
Political BarkThe Palestine-Israel war: 10 Steps Washington Can Take After the De-escalation of the War on GazaIn this week's episode of Political Bark, I speak with Ambassador Hesham Youssef (United States Institute of Peace).
Right now, Israeli led attacks have started again at holy sites in Palestine, only hours after a much sought after peace agreement between Palestine and Israel was negotiated. The continuous cycle of violence that erupts every few months, and years, needs to end: The US needs to orchestrate the road that will led to the end, and to the creation of a two state solution.
This episode bases itself on a recent publication by Ambassador Youssef (found h...2021-05-2238 min
Political BarkIdentity in 2021: How can we be grounded in our identites? A conversation with writer Nancy HerzIn this episode of Political Bark, I have the pleasure of having writer and activist Nancy Herz with me as a guest, speaking on the topic of 'Identity in 2021'. Growing up in Norway, with Lebanese parents, Nancy is the product of a multicultural, multi-religious and multi-linguistic background: What effect has that had on her, from a youngster until today?
I have always been curious about how we can help young people create strong foundations and strong identities, even in very multicultural and bipolar societies, such as the way in which Norway can be at times. The future holds for m...2021-05-0434 min
Political BarkMeet Cafecitos Ricos - helping Latina women thrive and succeed + 5 tips when starting YOUR podcastIn this informal chat I speak with Cafecitos Ricos - the new podcast that is going to help thousands of LatinX (and others) in moving forward when it comes to understanding investment, finance, and how to make money - and grow your income. Cafecitos Ricos is a new podcast created by Stef & Betty, two hard working, ambitious and kind women, that want to give back to their communities - by helping women climb the money ladder, and especially so the Latina women in the US and abroad. Check them out on instagram: CafecitosRicos.
In this episode I also give my l...2021-04-1249 min
Political Bark🇳🇴 🇸🇾 being a Syrian refugee in Norway - the «jantelov»Hello and welcome to a new episode of Political Bark! In this week’s episode I speak with Johnny Abu Issa (Studio Johnny Salon). We talk about the jantelov, discrimination, motivation & hard work. Johnny Is one of thousands of refugees in Norway. This is only one of many succes stories that we discuss. Johnny shares his 3 tips when «making It in Norway». Tune in 👏🏽2021-03-1522 min
Political BarkGender equality on paper: International Women's Day in one of the most egalitarian country's (Norway) with guest Anna Kirah (US)Welcome to a new episode of Political Bark. In this special episode for the International Women's day, I speak with Design Anthropologist and psychologist, Anna Kirah (US). We have an open, informal and honest conversation on what it is like to be a foreigner in Norway, seeing the country from a "insider - outsider perspective"; we speak about gender equality in Norway, discrimination, sexism, and what it is like being a woman in the workplace in 2021. In order to talk about these issues, I firstly learn a lot about Anna Kirah's fascinating experiences from all of the world, from the...2021-03-0843 min
Political BarkInterfaith Dialogue in 2021Together with the podcast “My New Politics” (London) hosted by Alex Benn Amir, we discuss the important topic of Interfaith Dialogue in 2021. The topic is of high importance right now for a multitude of reasons ranging from the existence and growth of extremism, conflict, and even war (especially outside Europe) - to more institutionalized reasons (especially in Europe) such as the clear need to find a better way of living together. Western societies are becoming more and more heterogeneous and complex, and the binding glue that unifies us as citizens is at times hard to understand and see. We need and...2021-02-2236 minPolitical BarkVirginity testing in 2021Virginity testing in 2021 - a live conversation with Dehli based @PolitTickingmeOff (India) and Political Bark 🩸2021-02-071h 01
Political BarkFood checking with Hadrien Gonzales (Le Parisien)In this episode of Political Bark the show “Food Checking” (Le Parisien) is the topic. The show is hosted and made by Hadrien Gonzales, and throughout this conversation he gives us insights into how he started his show, how he creates it on a weekly basis, and some insight into the different types of journalism that exists these days: we wonder - has the art of being a journalist become a tad too “egocentric”? How can one create stories and content that the consumers like? How does “Food Checking” produce content that consumers want to know more about? Find out this and mor...2021-02-031h 09
Political BarkMuseveni wins the elections for the 6th time in Uganda 🇺🇬Yoweri Museveni is a Ugandan politician who has been President of Uganda since 1986. Today he was re-elected as President, serving his 36th year. Tune in and learn about him, his opponent Mr Bobi Wine, and the current democratic situation in Uganda, as I have the privilege to speak with Maren H.Bjørgum live from Nairobi 👌💯2021-01-1627 min
Political BarkOn Trump’s presidency, the riot last week and Biden’s first steps as the new POTUS 🇺🇸I speak with political scientist and engineer Halvard Widerøe as we discuss these important questions: especially focusing on Biden’s first steps as the new president, will he be forced to focus on a desperate situation at home (covid19, economy, divisions) or will he be able to re-launch the US as an important and respected (and trusted) world player?2021-01-1428 min
Political BarkWho will rule in the South Caucasus? With Dr. Avetikyan, Director of International Programs at EUSPDONATIONS to: Hayastan All Armenian Fund: https://www.himnadram.org/en • Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Russia are the key actors in the conflict, that was swiftly settled some days ago. Political Bark speaks with Dr. Gevorg Avetikyan about the causes of the conflict and the potential outcomes 🇦🇲 🇦🇿 touching upon a multitude of reasons behind it, and perspectives on the behind-the-scenes actors involved.2020-11-1856 min
Political BarkMulticultural society in NorwayMulticultural society in Norway:
Political Bark podcast in conversation with novelist Ole-Asbjørn Ness
In this episode of Political Bark podcast, host Sophie Matláry has invited Norwegian novelist Ole-Asbjørn Ness to discuss the topic of “Multicultural society in Norway in 2020”.
In fact, this topic is very relevant right now.
These times are extremely challenging for multicultural societies - such as in light of recent events in Francis, where a whole nation is preparing to re-define the concept of a multicultural France, and what that entails
In Norway, we are luckily far from facing the same challenges, but we are how...2020-11-0643 min
Political BarkAn African refugee’s perspetive: why are Syrians chosen by Europe, and not African refugees?Join me for this intimate conversation with Mr. Nihal, a refugee from Sudan. He gives us an insight into his journey as a refugee, since the age of 12 years old; walking from Sudan to Ethiopia - having friends being eaten by hyenas; others by deadly bacteria or lack of food. He tells me about his current hardships as a African refugee in an Arab country - as we together proceed to look for the solutions to the migration crisis; and discuss Its mostly failed policies. Check out the little sequence of Sudanese Jazz in the Middle of the episode for...2020-10-0754 min
Political BarkHungary in 2020: What do the youth of Budapest think?In this informal chat, I speak with some interesting people in Budapest. I am curious to ask what they think about the current political climate in Hungary, and also what they think about the international press and their writings about Hungary. As many have seen or read, Hungary is heavily criticized by the European Parliament for its corona legislations; calling them “not in line with the EU’s values”; however, much of this legislation has been removed or reduced. PM Orbán is also often in the spotlight especially so in Western media. The Us freedom house recently called Hungary a “hybr...2020-08-2553 min
Political BarkLebanon in 2020: a multitude of disasters - economic, social & politicalIn this episode of Political Bark I speak with IR & Middle East politics expert, Elias Dahrouge (Corvinus University, HU) about Lebanon in 2020. Dahrouge is of Lebanese-Hungarian origin and therefore gives us an insiders perspective on current affairs in Beirut. We look at questions such as “what lead to the deep economic crisis”, “why is there zero trust in the government”, “how is Lebanon’s political ruling elite set up - and why are they hated by the people?”, and finally; “Who will save the Lebanese people from despair onwards, if their own government wont?” These are all hard questions to answer, but Dahrou...2020-08-081h 04
Political BarkThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2020: a conversation with Ambassador Hesham Youssef from the United States Institute for PeaceIn this episode of Political Bark, I have the pleasure of speaking with Ambassador Youssef, currently in Washington D.C (See bio below).
I ask about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, especially in regards to Prime Minister Netanyahu's annexation plans. What are the international stances on the annexation? How are France, Germany, Jordan and Egypt forming a never before seen "New Quartet" , asking for more negotiations instead of a escalation of the conflict; and what are the possible future scenarios for the conflict; is there any way to achieve lasting peace, perhaps modeled on the peace agreements between Egypt-Israel or Jordan-Israel? Find out...2020-07-3036 min
Political BarkOn Libya 2020: A conversation with top journalist in the Middle-East, Mr. Abdallah El SenawiLibya is a battlefield, and many fear that it is becoming the new Syria.
What was Libya like during Qaddafi's rule? Some say it was a lot better than the chaos that has taken it today, others say external involvement was necessary. What was President Sarkozy and Berlusconi's roles, and why were they so involved? Who is General Haftar, and what local support does he have in Libya? What are President Erdogans motives in Libya? And perhaps more nerve-wrecking today - will there be a rapid escalation in Libya - pushing the country into an even more disastrous war?
Find o...2020-07-1930 min
Political BarkMigration to Israel: Before and today. We speak with H.E Ambassador to Israel in Norway, Alon Roth.In this week’s episode we ask the Israeli Ambassador to Norway, H.E Ambassador Alon Roth about migration: models, waves and integration, both before and today to Israel - and why migration to Israel is succesful. Where did the first migrants come from, how did the integration occur, does one have to be of Jewish religion to migrate to Israel today? Tune in for an interesting and pleasant conversation about a sometimes disputed topic.2020-07-0947 min
Political BarkBenjamin Haddad: Expert on transatlantic relations; the EU & the US, what next?We had the pleasure of speaking with Benjamin Haddad, French Scholar and head of the Future Europe Initative for the Washington Based think tank «Atlantic Council». Haddad is originally French and was the Washington DC representative of Emmanuel Macron’s movement En Marche in 2017.2020-07-0331 min
Political BarkMorten Jentoft: NRK-correspondent in Moskva, Norwegian-Russian relations, and his latest book on the espionage case involving Frode BergIn this episode of Political Bark, we speak with Morten Jentoft, who is NRK´s Moskva correspondent (the Norwegian government-owned radio and television public broadcasting company) since the 80´s.
We enjoy a very interesting conversation about Russia before and today, as well as Norwegian-Russian relations, cultural and historical similarities as well as differences, and ask questions about his latest book: On the espionage case involving the Norwegian man Frode Berg, released not long ago from prison.2020-06-2638 min
Political BarkOn Turkey´s foreign policy and NATO relations as well as leadership during uncertain timesIn this episode of Political Bark we speak with professor Balkan Devlen, professor in Political Science specializing in forecasting of political change and events in society. We analyze Turkey in the Middle-East and on the world scene, specifically asking about President Erdogan´s next move with regards to allies and neighbors. We also learn more about the task of forecasting and probability calculations. Tune in!2020-06-1543 min
Political BarkConversation with his Excellency Mister Amr Ramadan, Egyptian Ambassador to Norway: On covid19, China and international politics, ethnicity and racePolitical Bark is thankful for this informing conversation with Ambassador Amr Ramadan as we hear new thoughts on China and international relations (trade-relations, political, economic and cultural), about the Covid19 situation in Egypt, Egyptian-Norwegian relations, as well as on ethnicity and race in Egypt - with reference to the ongoing protests in the US (#black lives matter). Note that after the episode is over, we have added a top of the charts Egyptian summer song, 3 Daqat - Abu Ft. Yousra ثلاث دقات - أبو و يسرا for a little introduction to summer in Egypt, enjoy!2020-06-071h 01
Political BarkPolitical Bark together with Anita Krohn Traaseth on the issue of change: How to tackle it, predict, and manage it effectivelyPolitical Bark is very excited to speak with Anita Khron Traaseth in this weeks episode about "Change".
Anita is a member of the European Innovation Council Advisory Board (EIC) and former CEO of Innovation Norway and HP Norway. She is a business manager and writer, and started her career as a traineed for IBM in 1996. She has received several awards for her work there, and is a big name both in business and in Norwegian society. In 2014 she published the book "God Nok for De Svina" (Good enough for those pigs): A leaders thoughts on courage, vunerabiilty...2020-06-0444 min
Political BarkOn business, entrepreneurship, women and the Middle-East: A conversation with a female entrepreneur and businesswoman in Cairo, EgyptIn this episode, Political Bark has a video-conversation with Miss Passand El Hammami, an entrepreneur, business owner and start-up success-story, with her brand and Cafe, Sea Salt Bakery http://www.seasaltbakery.com/
This episode is not an podcast episode, but a video one, so it is shared on our instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/politicalbark/ and Facebook Page https://www.facebook.com/Political-Bark-100229255000866
Passand gives an authentic and truthful insight into her life as a business owner in the Middle East, highlighting her challenges as a woman, but also how her hardships again turned f...2020-05-2700 min
Political BarkOn the coverage of right wing extremism in Norway: Are we biased?In this week´s episode of Political Bark we discuss right wing terrorism and how we talk about right wing terrorists. With us, we have Bjørn Ihler, Utøya survivor, peace activist, and part of the Kofi Annan "Extreme Together" foundation, that works on combatting terrorism. Ihler gives us the necessary perspectives and explanations as to why some are called terrorists, while others are called "shooters".
We dicuss this from a Norwegian perspective, however draw on examples and numbers from the US.
We try to ask and understand why there is a bias in media and elsewhere in the cove...2020-05-1949 min
Political BarkAre we training to be gritty or skinny? A conversation with Cecilia Brækhus, world champion in boxingIn this week's episode of Political Bark we discuss the personality trait grit and body pressure. We look at what grit is, where it might come from and how it affects our ability to succeed. Moreover, what negative traits might come with grit when it is applied to the world of sports and body-pressure. We raise the question of whether we are training to be gritty or skinny? To help us answer these questions, we speak with Cecilia Brækhus, world renown boxer and only female boxer to hold all five world championship titles simultaneously. Photo: Terje Bendiksby2020-05-1145 min
Political BarkGangs, urban violence and marginalized youth: The rationality of the violence and criminal membershipGangs are unique, and so are their raison d'être. If we want to help young people out of gangs, we need to also come up with tailored and suitable ways to do so.
In this episode of Political Bark we discuss criminal gangs. We explore the reasons people, and especially youth decided to join gangs, what they gain from such a membership, and what can lead them to commit both petty but also atrocious acts of violence. Senior Lecturer at King´s College London, Dr. Kieran Mitton, who specializes in field research on violence and marginalized you...2020-05-0555 min
Political BarkPolitical concensus, political correctness or passivity in Norwegian debate culture?In this episode of Political Bark, we discuss the debate culture in Norway. We look at a major survey conducted by the Norwegian Media Authority (medietilsynet) in 2019 on "critical media understanding" which concludes that 7 out 10 Norwegians have never participated in debates in media channels, be it on facebook or in the press. We also delve into what characterizes the Norwegian debate culture, and what consequences this might have. To help us shed light on this topic with talk with novelist, Ole Asbjørn Ness who has a background in economics, philosophy and takes an active part in Norwegian public di...2020-04-2141 min
Political BarkAfrican responses to the pandemic: Lessons from a supranational and national perspectiveIn this episode of Political Bark, we review the different policy alternatives to tackling the pandemic. We examine the particular strengths and challenges that the African continent faces. To gain insight on this topic, we speak The Ambassador for the Kingdom of Morocco to Norway, Madame Lamia Radi, as she gives a national standpoint on what is being done in Morocco. She also reflects on the role of supranational entities and the nation state.2020-04-1448 min
Political BarkPositive consequences of the corona pandemic: Interview with start up expert Trond Riiber KnudsenIn this episode of Political Bark, we analyze the possible positive consequences of the corona pandemic and ask Riiber Knudsen about the tech environment and tech eco-system in Norway: where is it at today, what model does it belong to, and will it experience growth in a time of crisis? We are especially interested in analyzing the Norwegian tech environment compared to that of established start up nations, such as the US and Israel.2020-04-0741 min
Political BarkSingle responses to a unified problem? The Corona 2020 PandemicThis first episode of Political Bark was created in the midst of the Corona pandemic. It features Sophie Matlary and Professor Haaland Matlary, (Political science, University of Oslo) as she answers questions about the pandemic and different international organizations but also nation states´reactions.
Some of the questions that are covered in the episode:
In what way is the world working together, or separate, in fighting the pandemic? What are different nations doing, where do they cooperate, and what is the role of the EU? Is this a common effort, requiring that we put aside pol...2020-03-2923 min