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USAID Food Loss And Waste Community Of Practice

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The Lean to the Left Podcast2026-01-0630 minThe Lean to the Left Podcast2026-01-0630 minThe Josh Lafazan Show2025-09-0508 minFederal Grants Explained2025-08-0743 min東諧西讀
東諧西讀EP365|凍結USAID,川普與馬斯克究竟是明智或瘋狂:諧來無事,講講時事(202502下)歡迎收聽東諧西讀,這一集是二月時事的下集,我們討論的是美國政治。 川普委託馬斯克成立的新部門,以提升政府效率為目標,大力整頓各部會人事與財政,而本次討論的主題,是美國國際開發署(USAID),對台灣而言意義非凡,因為美援時期,資金就由USAID投入東亞,協助台灣與南韓整頓政經,形成今日格局。 究竟出於什麼原因,讓川普的新政府揚言裁撤USAID,如今該機關資金被凍結,又造成什麼樣的影響?歡迎跟我們ㄧ起聽下去。 以下補充USAID的背景: 第一部分:USAID 的誕生—冷戰下的戰略布局 要了解 USAID 為什麼成立,我們得先回到 1961 年,當時美國正處於冷戰高峰,美蘇兩大強權在全球爭奪影響力。美國政府認為,貧窮與經濟不穩定的國家更容易受到共產主義滲透,因此,美國希望透過經濟援助來扶植親美政權,對抗蘇聯的全球擴張。 這時,美國總統約翰·甘迺迪簽署了**《對外援助法》(Foreign Assistance Act, 1961),正式成立美國國際開發署(USAID),並將美國的對外發展計畫統整在這個機構之下。USAID 的核心目標不只是幫助發展中國家,而是希望透過經濟發展來鞏固美國的全球影響力**,讓受援國更傾向於民主體制和資本主義經濟。 USAID 的概念其實並非全新,在此之前,美國已經透過**《馬歇爾計畫》成功幫助歐洲國家重建。當時,美國提供巨額經濟援助,不僅讓歐洲走出二戰的破壞,也阻止了蘇聯勢力進一步擴張。這樣的經驗讓美國意識到,「經濟援助」是外交政策的強大工具**,既能促進全球經濟發展,又能擴展美國的影響力。 USAID 成立後,立即投入東南亞、拉美、非洲等地的發展計畫。例如在越戰期間,美國不僅軍事支援南越,USAID 也大舉投入農業與基礎建設,希望用經濟發展來阻擋共產主義擴張。這樣的發展模式持續至今,雖然冷戰結束,但 USAID 仍然是美國外交政策的重要組成部分。 此外,USAID 也深刻影響了亞洲的發展,其中台灣與韓國是最成功的案例之一。1951-1965 年間,台灣獲得 14 億美元 的 USAID 援助,用於土地改革、基礎建設、工業發展與教育等領域,成功推動經濟轉型,被譽為「台灣奇蹟」。這些援助奠定了台灣的現代經濟基礎,讓台灣得以在後來躍升為高科技產業的領先者。 ________________________________________ 第二部分:USAID 的核心任務與全球影響 USAID 的援助計畫遍及全球,其主要工作可以分為幾大類: 1️⃣ 經濟發展與貿易:協助發展中國家改善基礎設施、推動創業與市場經濟。例如,USAID 曾幫助台灣推動進口替代工業化政策,促成經濟高速發展,也幫助多個拉美與東南亞國家建立基礎製造業。 2️⃣ 全球健康:USAID 在全球推動疫苗接種、艾滋病防治、婦幼健康等計畫,例如在非洲,USAID 主導的**總統防治愛滋病緊急救援計畫(PEPFAR)**幫助數千萬名患者獲得治療。但 2025 年初的資金凍結,讓這些計畫驟然中斷,直接影響全球 2,000 萬名患者的生命。 3️⃣ 教育與人力資本發展:提升基礎教育與職業訓練,特別關注女性與弱勢族群,例如支持中東、非洲的學校建設計畫,並資助數千名發展中國家學生赴美進修。 4️⃣ 民主與治理:支持法治、透明政府、公民社會建設。這方面的援助往往帶有美國的政治意圖,例如資助獨立媒體與 NGO 來監督政府,或透過法律改革計畫來推動美式民主價值觀。 5️⃣ 環境與氣候變遷:推動永續發展,幫助國家應對極端氣候。例如 USAID 資助了許多開發中國家的再生能源發展,但 2025 年的資金凍結也讓這些計畫面臨停擺。 6️⃣ 人道援助:這是 USAID 最受關注的部分,例如在烏克蘭戰爭、敘利亞內戰、非洲饑荒等危機中,USAID 都是主要的援助提供者。但如今,美國的援助全面凍結,導致大量難民與災區人民陷入生存危機。 如果喜歡我們的節目,歡迎贊助我們。 https://pay.soundon.fm/podcasts/1fe68117-6b21-4fb9-966e-a176b0265ebe -- Hosting provided by SoundOn
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