Shows
Q is stand for QualityGear Damage: Diagnosis, Analysis, and Innovative SolutionsThis source discusses the critical role of gearwheels in mechanical systems and explores the various factors that lead to their damage and failure. It highlights the importance of material selection, design, and operational best practices, emphasizing condition monitoring and preventative maintenance to ensure longevity. The text examines advanced diagnostic techniques, including AI and digital twins, for identifying and predicting gear failures. Finally, it investigates the use of innovative materials like polymers and hybrid polymer-metal configurations, along with additive manufacturing (3D printing), to enhance gearwheel performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness across diverse applications.2025-07-2934 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringCritical role of precise tolerance intervals in high-performance sports car gear mechanismsOptimizing Gearbox Mechanisms Through Tolerance Interval AnalysisThis briefing reviews an article titled "Analisi degli intervalli di tolleranza a prova di cambio" by Joel Ortis and Juan Lopezdealda, published on June 25, 2025. The article focuses on the critical role of accurate tolerance interval analysis in optimizing high-performance sports car gearbox mechanisms, leading to improved vehicle responsiveness and reduced production costs.Key Themes and Most Important Ideas:1. The Criticality of Gearbox Mechanisms and Tolerance Analysis:Impact on Vehicle Performance: Gearbox mechanisms are fundamental to a vehicle's overall performance, directly...2025-07-2920 min
Deep Dive AIIndustrial AI: Tools for Strategic AdvantageIndustrial AI: A Strategic Approach to Leveraging a Comprehensive ToolboxThis briefing document summarizes key themes and facts from the IndustryWeek article "Smart AI Use Is About Understanding the Tools, Then Using Them Strategically," by Colin Masson, Research Director for Industrial AI at ARC Advisory Group. The article emphasizes that successful AI implementation in the industrial sector requires a nuanced understanding of various AI tools, rather than focusing solely on newer generative AI technologies.Key Themes and Most Important Ideas:1. "AI Amnesia" and the Evolution of Industrial AIThe article highlights...2025-07-2923 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringLamborghini Revuelto: The Peril of Scissor DoorsThe provided text, originating from CarBuzz, reports on a recall issued by Lamborghini for 27 of its Revuelto PHEV supercars. The recall addresses a potential defect in the spherical pin supporting the "scissor doors'" gas springs, which could cause the doors to unexpectedly close or fall, posing a risk of injury. While no incidents have been reported, the article details the issue's discovery during post-production checks and pre-delivery, highlighting Lamborghini's proactive measure. The piece also provides historical context on Lamborghini's iconic scissor doors, explaining their design and long-standing presence in the brand's V12 models.2025-07-2917 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFerrari Purosangue Brake System RecallThe provided text, originating from CarBuzz, focuses on a recall for the Ferrari Purosangue SUV. This recall, affecting nearly 550 vehicles from model years 2023-2025, addresses a potential electrical short circuit in the fuse box that could reduce braking force. Ferrari's investigation, initiated after a customer complaint in China, revealed that a power supply contact could touch the passenger-side footrest, an issue that will be rectified with a plastic spacer. The article emphasizes that while the reduced braking force is a concern, the SUV is not expected to lose all braking capabilities, and Ferrari has already implemented a fix in...2025-07-2920 min
Q is stand for QualitySix sigma beyond the industry Six Sigma: A Universal Methodology for Process ImprovementExecutive SummarySix Sigma is a data-driven methodology that originated in manufacturing but has proven universally applicable for improving processes by reducing variation and eliminating defects. The core principle involves achieving near-perfect quality, statistically defined as 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). Its structured DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) cycle allows for systematic problem-solving across diverse industries. The financial sector, with its high transaction volumes and standardized processes, is particularly well-suited for Six Sigma implementation, promising significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, customer satisfaction, and cost reduction. However...2025-07-2543 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringAI Transforms Auto Recall ManagementThe provided text, primarily an excerpt from an article by Paul Myles, discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize the automotive industry by identifying vehicle problems proactively. The author highlights that car manufacturers currently face billions in warranty claims and recall costs due to a reactive approach to quality control. The emergence of software-defined vehicles (SDVs), which generate vast amounts of data, coupled with AI, offers a solution to predict and prevent issues before they lead to consumer complaints or costly recalls. This shift from reactive to proactive maintenance, as explained by Upstream CEO Yoav Levy, could significantly reduce financial...2025-07-1809 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringKia Sportage Brake System RecallThis document describes a Kia Sportage recall affecting 23,887 vehicles manufactured between September 8, 2022, and June 14, 2023, due to a faulty vacuum pump that could lead to increased brake pedal force and an illuminated engine indicator light. The solution involves an engine control unit software update at an authorized workshop. This information is monitored by the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) under reference number 14840R and an internal manufacturer code of 240S33. Owners are advised to contact an authorized dealer with their VIN to confirm if their vehicle is affected.2025-07-1806 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringV2X_ Digital Highways and Communication Speedđźš—V2X: Digital Highways and Communication SpeedThe provided source examines the transformative Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology, exploring how it interconnects vehicles with their surroundings. It highlights the critical role of communication speed and latency in V2X applications, especially for safety-critical functions. The text compares two primary V2X technologies, Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), detailing their respective speeds, latency, and communication ranges across various V2X components such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle-to-Network (V2N). Ultimately, the source concludes that the optimal V2X t...2025-07-1810 min
Q is stand for QUALITYBoeing's Training Failures_ Door Plug Blowout BlamedThe article from Manufacturing Dive reports on the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB) findings regarding the January 2024 Alaska Airlines door plug blowout, attributing the incident to Boeing's inadequate training, guidance, and oversight of its factory workers. The NTSB's investigation revealed that missing bolts were not replaced after repairs at a Boeing factory and that proper records and inspections were not completed. Furthermore, the report criticizes the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for its ineffective compliance enforcement and lack of oversight on Boeing's safety management system. Consequently, the NTSB issued safety recommendations for both Boeing and the FAA, aiming to prevent future...2025-07-1813 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringFord's Fuel Injector Recall_ A Persistent ProblemAn article from Automotive Dive reports that Ford has issued a recall for approximately 694,000 Bronco Sport and Escape SUVs due to a defect where fuel injectors may crack and leak, posing a fire hazard. This issue affects models equipped with 1.5-liter engines from various years, and drivers might observe smoke, flames, or dashboard warnings. While Ford previously attempted to address the problem with software updates in earlier recalls, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) found these solutions insufficient, prompting the current recall. Ford does not yet have a permanent fix but is notifying owners and providing an interim software...2025-07-1809 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringVolvo XC40 Recall_ Braking System Malfunction RiskThis article from Car-Recalls.eu details a significant recall for various Volvo models, including the XC40, manufactured between 2019 and 2025. The primary concern is a braking system malfunction that can disable braking functionality in specific driving modes, increasing the risk of accidents. The recall, identified by Volvo code R10329, affects over 76,000 vehicles worldwide, encompassing both plug-in hybrid and pure electric variants. Owners of potentially affected vehicles are advised to contact an authorized Volvo workshop to determine if their car requires the recall service. The source emphasizes that not all vehicles within the specified production period may be affected, and provides information...2025-07-1806 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringFord Transit Custom Speed RecallThis article from Car-Recalls.eu details a recall for Ford Transit Custom vehicles manufactured between July 2023 and April 2025. The recall, affecting 18,584 units, addresses a safety concern where the vehicle can unintentionally exceed its displayed maximum speed in electric mode. To resolve this, affected vehicles require a software update to the powertrain control unit. The Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) in Germany is monitoring this recall, identified by their reference number 15193R. The article advises owners to contact an authorized workshop to determine if their specific vehicle is impacted.2025-07-1806 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringFord Recalls Escapes and Bronco Sports for Fire RiskThe provided text details a significant recall by Ford, affecting nearly 700,000 Escape and Bronco Sport vehicles from specific model years. The core issue stems from a potential defect in the 1.5-liter engine's fuel injector, which could crack and lead to a fire risk due to fuel leaks contacting hot engine parts. While the recall impacts a large number of vehicles, only a small percentage are expected to have the actual defect. Ford is implementing a temporary software update to mitigate the risk and is developing a permanent solution, with owners to be notified about the recall.2025-07-1807 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringFord Recalls 850K Vehicles for Defective Fuel PumpsThis document from Automotive Dive reports on Ford Motor Co.'s recall of 850,000 vehicles due to defective low-pressure fuel delivery modules (FDMs) that can cause engine stalling. The recall impacts various 2021-2023 Ford and Lincoln models, with the issue linked to internal contamination and reduced clearances in the FDM's jet pump, especially in low fuel or warm conditions. While Ford is still developing a remedy, the company has received numerous warranty claims but is unaware of any accidents or injuries. This marks Ford's 89th recall in 2025, exceeding previous years and indicating a focus on improving quality amidst increasingly complex vehicle...2025-07-1810 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFord's Fuel Injector Recall: A Persistent ProblemFord has recalled approximately 694,000 Bronco Sport and Escape SUVs due to a defect where fuel injectors may crack and leak fuel. This leakage poses a significant risk of underhood fires. The affected vehicles are certain 2021-2024 Bronco Sport SUVs and 2020-2022 Escapes, all equipped with Ford’s 1.5-liter, turbo-charged 3-cylinder engine.2025-07-1809 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringAnother Ford recall this time for fire riskThe recall includes 2020-2022 Ford Escape and 2021-2024 Ford Bronco Sport models equipped with 1.5-liter engines.The primary defect is a cracked fuel injector, which can cause fuel to leak. This leaked fuel, if it comes into contact with a hot surface like a turbocharger or exhaust manifold, could start a fire.Only 0.3% of the recalled vehicles are estimated to be affected by the defective fuel injectors.The two immediate warning signs an owner might observe are a gasoline smell and, if a fire occurs, smoke billowing from underneath the hood along with...2025-07-1707 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringHow AI will transform recall process?The provided text highlights how automakers are projected to save billions of dollars annually by adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) to proactively identify and resolve vehicle issues, shifting from their traditional reactive approach. This is primarily facilitated by Software Defined Vehicles (SDVs), which generate vast amounts of data that AI can analyze to predict potential problems before they lead to costly recalls or warranty claims. The article, authored by Paul Myles for Informa Group, emphasizes that while SDVs and their complex software stacks introduce new potential issues, AI offers a solution to mitigate these challenges by allowing manufacturers to address...2025-07-1709 min
Q is stand for QualityWhen you say training you don't mean Boeing..right?🤔Briefing Document: NTSB Investigation into Boeing's Door Plug BlowoutDate: July 15, 2025Source: "Boeing’s inadequate training and oversight led to doorplug blowout: NTSB | Manufacturing Dive"I. Executive Summary:The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has concluded its investigation into the January 5, 2024, Alaska Airlines mid-exit door plug blowout, attributing the incident primarily to Boeing's failure to provide "adequate training, guidance and oversight" to its factory workers. The NTSB's final report, released July 10, 2025, also criticizes the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for ineffective compliance enforcement and oversight of Bo...2025-07-1513 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFuel pump recall Ford Motors Company Key Details and Main Themes1. Defective Fuel Delivery Modules (FDMs) Causing Engine StallingCore Problem: Ford has recalled 850,000 vehicles due to "low-pressure fuel delivery module (FDM) failures that have led to engine stalling while driving."Root Cause: The problem is attributed to "internal contamination of the FDM’s jet pump" and "reduced fuel pump internal clearances that result in an increase of internal friction and sensitivity to vapor lock."Contributing Factors: FDM failures are more likely to occur "when the fuel level is low, or in warm weather that increases the te...2025-07-1410 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringNissan's Engine Recall and Turnaround ChallengesThis article from Automotive Dive reports on a significant recall by Nissan North America, affecting nearly 444,000 vehicles due to a manufacturing defect in specific engine components that could lead to engine failures. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened an investigation after receiving complaints of engine knocking and metal debris. The recalled models, including Nissan Rogue and Altima, as well as Infiniti QX50 and QX55, are equipped with variable compression turbo (VC-Turbo) engines. Dealers will inspect for metal debris and repair or replace engines as necessary, free of charge to owners. This recall is particularly costly for Nissan, coinciding...2025-07-0929 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringNissan Engine Recall This article from Automotive Dive reports on a significant recall by Nissan North America, affecting nearly 444,000 vehicles due to a manufacturing defect in specific engine components that could lead to engine failures. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened an investigation after receiving complaints of engine knocking and metal debris. The recalled models, including Nissan Rogue and Altima, as well as Infiniti QX50 and QX55, are equipped with variable compression turbo (VC-Turbo) engines. Dealers will inspect for metal debris and repair or replace engines as necessary, free of charge to owners. This recall is particularly costly for Nissan...2025-07-0929 min
Q is stand for QualityLean Construction: Innovation and Competitive AdvantageStudio(Le risposte salvate sono di sola visualizzazione)This detailed briefing document reviews the main themes and most important ideas or facts from the provided sources on the application of Lean methodology in construction and road building sites.Briefing Document: Lean Methodology in Construction and Road BuildingDate: October 26, 2023Subject: Review of "La metodologia Lean nei cantieri edili e stradali: Innovazione e vantaggi competitivi" excerpts.Key Takeaway: The Lean methodology, originating from the Japanese automotive industry, offers a transformative approach for the construction sector by focusing on...2025-07-091h 36
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringVW recall for defective airbags FontiChatStudioarrow_backdelete(Le risposte salvate sono di sola visualizzazione)Briefing: Volkswagen Group Airbag Recalls (July 2025)Date of Briefing: October 26, 2023 (Based on information published July 2, 2025)Subject: Extensive recall by Volkswagen, Audi, and Skoda related to faulty front passenger airbags.Key Themes:Widespread Airbag Defect: The primary issue is a defect in the front passenger airbag that "may burst in the event of an accidental airbag deployment and eject metal parts into the passenger compartment or have a reduced...2025-07-0723 min
Deep Dive AITranslAItor: How was born La Visione di "TranslAItor": Abbattere le Barriere per Connettere le PersoneLa tecnologia e l'intelligenza artificiale hanno permesso all'autore di tradurre la sua passione e le sue esperienze personali in un progetto concreto. #TranslAItor è concepito come uno strumento che mira a migliorare la comunicazione globale e l'empatia tra le persone:Obiettivo principale: "TranslAItor è nato dall'osservazione di come le persone vorrebbero esprimersi, ma ci sono #barrierelinguistiche e non tutte le persone sono in grado di parlare inglese o altre lingue che potrebbero essere d'aiuto."Potenziale di miglioramento del mondo: L'autore immagina un futuro in cui le barriere li...2025-07-0703 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringStellantis Diesel Recall_ 600,000 Vehicles AffectedJuly 4, 2025:Article Publication: Emiliano Ragoni publishes the article "Stellantis: maxi-richiamo per oltre 600.000 diesel" on alVolante.it, announcing the large-scale recall.Recall Details Released: The article specifies that the recall affects Peugeot, Citroën, Opel, DS, and Fiat vehicles produced between 2017 and 2023 with the 1.5 BlueHDi engine. The recall aims to address potential premature wear of the camshaft chain.Stellantis's Stated Actions: The company advises owners to contact service networks. The intervention includes a software update and, if necessary, an oil change. If the diagnostic application detects an anomaly, the chain will be preventively replaced.Recall Prioritization: T...2025-07-0624 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringStellantis Diesel Recall: 600,000 Vehicles AffectedStellantis 1.5 BlueHDi Engine Recall: Detailed BriefingDate: July 4, 2025 Source: "Stellantis: maxi-richiamo per oltre 600.000 diesel - alVolante.it"Executive SummaryStellantis has issued a large-scale recall affecting over 636,000 diesel vehicles produced between 2017 and 2023 across its Peugeot, Citroën, Opel, DS, and Fiat brands. The recall targets models equipped with the 1.5 BlueHDi engine due to a potential issue with premature wear of the camshaft timing chain. While no incidents or injuries have been reported, the defect could lead to abnormal engine operation, unusual noise, and in severe cases, chain breakage. Stellantis is prioritizing o...2025-07-0524 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringLamborghini The Story Iconic and Significant ModelsCountach: Understand its design, production longevity, and cultural significance.Sián & Veneno: Recognize their extreme design, performance, and exclusivity.Revuelto: Know its significance as a successor and its role in Lamborghini's shift to hybrid technology.Jalpa & Gallardo: Understand their unique place in Lamborghini's history, including their market positioning and impact.Huracán & Urus: Familiarize yourself with their roles in modernizing Lamborghini's lineup and expanding its market appeal.Future Models: Be aware of the "Direzione Cor Tauri" program and its goals.2025-07-0241 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringLamborghini The StoryLamborghini: A Legacy of Luxury and InnovationStudy GuideThis study guide is designed to review your understanding of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., covering its history, iconic models, technological advancements, motorsport involvement, and cultural impact.I. History and EvolutionFounding: Understand the motivations behind Ferruccio Lamborghini's decision to found the company.Early Models: Familiarize yourself with the significance of the 350 GT and the Miura era.Ownership Changes: Recognize the impact of changes in ownership on the company's trajectory.Modern Era...2025-07-0241 min
Deep Dive AIWho Controls Whom? AI Supervision DilemmaThe source critically examines the evolving relationship between humanity and artificial intelligence, particularly focusing on the challenges of supervision and control as AI systems become more complex. It uses the failure of Claudius, an automated vending machine system by Anthropic, as a case study to illustrate the current limitations of AI autonomy in real-world scenarios, contrasting the promised efficiency with the reality of errors. The text explores various facets of this dilemma, including ethical implications of delegating decisions, the question of responsibility when AI fails, and the inherent biases in algorithms. Ultimately, it advocates for a balanced approach that...2025-07-021h 02
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringNHTSA Probes Range Rover Sport Steering Knuckle FracturesThe article discusses the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) preliminary investigation into approximately 92,000 Range Rover Sport SUVs from model years 2014-2017. This probe was initiated due to 12 owner complaints alleging cracked front steering knuckles, a critical component. If these aluminum knuckles fracture, the upper control arm can detach while driving, potentially leading to a loss of vehicle control and increased crash risk. The NHTSA's evaluation aims to determine the scope, severity, and root cause of this issue, though no injuries or accidents hav2025-07-0139 min
Vehicles RecallsNHTSA Probes Range Rover Sport Steering Knuckle FracturesVehicle Owners (of Range Rover Sport SUVs): Individuals who submitted 12 "Vehicle Owner Questionnaires" (VOQs) to the NHTSA, alleging cracked front steering knuckles in their 2014-2017 Range Rover Sport vehicles. Their reports prompted the NHTSA's investigation.Ford Motor Co.: An automaker mentioned in the article as having similar front suspension concerns and recalls, specifically for over 29,000 F-150 Lightning pickups in May 2025 due to ball joint issues and 4,600 model year 2024 Mustangs last summer (presumably summer 2024) for rear aluminum suspension knuckle casting imperfectionsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/vehicles-recalls--6499215/support.2025-07-0139 min
Q is stand for QualityMarvelous X Team The source outlines a proposal for a Global Quality Task Force aimed at preventing product recalls and safety risks across various industries. It highlights the growing challenges of product quality issues due to complex supply chains and accelerated production, leading to significant financial losses and human costs from defective products. The document proposes leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create a comprehensive, freely accessible global knowledge base of defects, causes, and solutions, moving from a reactive to a predictive quality control model. This initiative seeks to foster cross-industry knowledge transfer and improve product safety, economic benefits, and regulatory collaboration through...2025-06-291h 12
Vehicles RecallsSilverado Brake System Recall_ Fire Hazard AlertSilverado Brake System Recall: Fire Hazard Alert1 fonteThis news article details a General Motors (GM) recall of over 62,000 Chevrolet Silverado medium-duty trucks due to a fire hazard. The problem stems from a brake pressure sensor defect where an unauthorized chemical used by a supplier, Kodiak Controls Inc., causes the rubber diaphragm seal to degrade, leading to brake fluid leaks and potential electrical shorts. This is the second recall for similar brake sensor issues in these Silverado models, with GM having investigated related problems and prior supplier issues since 2022. Owners are advised to park their affected trucks outdoors...2025-06-2718 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringGeneral Motors Chevy Silverado recall for defective brake system Why has General Motors recalled over 62,000 Chevrolet Silverado trucks?General Motors has issued a recall for over 62,000 medium-duty Chevrolet Silverado trucks (models 4500HD, 5500HD, and 6500HD from 2019-2024 production years) due to a defect in the brake pressure sensor assembly. The issue stems from a rubber diaphragm seal within the sensor, supplied by Kodiak Controls Inc., which degrades over time because an unauthorized chemical was used during its manufacturing. This degradation can lead to hydraulic fluid leaking into the brake pressure switch, causing an electrical short and posing a fire hazard.What specific risk does...2025-06-2718 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringBMW EV Recall for Loss of PowerDetailed Briefing: BMW EV Recall for Loss of PowerThis briefing document reviews the key details surrounding BMW's recent recall of over 70,000 electric vehicles due to a software issue that can lead to a sudden loss of power.I. Overview of the RecallBMW has issued a recall affecting 70,852 electric vehicles from model years 2022 to 2025. The core issue is a "software issue" within the high-voltage electrical system. This glitch can cause the system's computer to erroneously "decide that the system must be shut down to prevent a fire or possible electrical...2025-06-2724 min
Vehicles RecallsBMW EV Recall_ Power Loss ConcernsBMW has issued a recall affecting 70,852 electric vehicles from model years 2022 to 2025. The core issue is a "software issue" within the high-voltage electrical system. This glitch can cause the system's computer to erroneously "decide that the system must be shut down to prevent a fire or possible electrical shock when no such problem exists."II. Affected Models and ScaleThe recall impacts several of BMW's EV lines, with the majority of affected vehicles being:BMW i4s: More than 35,000 units (2022-2025 models)BMW iXs: More than 25,000 units (2022-2024 models)Additionally, the following models...2025-06-2725 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringLincoln Aviator Recall: Detaching Exterior TrimDetailed Briefing: Ford Lincoln Aviator Recall for Exterior TrimDate: June 26, 2025Subject: Recall of 2020-2025 Lincoln Aviator SUVs due to exterior trim detachment.Summary: Ford has issued a recall for over 130,000 Lincoln Aviator SUVs manufactured between 2020 and 2025. The recall addresses an issue where the black plastic trim affixed to the rear door, specifically adjoining the C-pillar, could become loose, peel up, or detach from the vehicle while driving. This poses a potential risk to other motorists. The problem has been traced back to inadequate pressure used during the adhesive application process by a...2025-06-2630 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringHonda recalls for defective brake pedalThis article details Honda's recall of 259,000 vehicles due to a brake pedal defect, which may lead to misalignment and increase crash risk. The issue stems from insufficient training at a Tier 1 supplier, Otsuka Koki Co., where new employees failed to properly stake brake pedal pivot pins during a production transition. This manufacturing error was compounded by a disabled QR code scanning system, preventing detection of the faulty parts. While three warranty claims related to brake pedal movement have been reported, Honda is not aware of any injuries, and dealers will replace affected brake pedal assemblies free of charge.2025-06-2619 min
Q is stand for QUALITYQuality_ Desire and PossibilityThe provided sources explore the multidimensional concept of quality within organizations, particularly focusing on the Italian context. They discuss how quality extends beyond mere compliance, evolving into a strategic and cultural imperative that profoundly impacts customer satisfaction, organizational efficiency, and long-term sustainability. The texts identify key obstacles to effective quality implementation, such as cultural resistance, cost perception, skill gaps, and time pressure, while also examining various quality management models like ISO 9001, TQM, Lean, Six Sigma, and Agile. Finally, the sources highlight the crucial role of leadership, effective communication, continuous training, digital transformation, and social responsibility in successfully embedding quality as a core organi...2025-06-241h 02
Q is stand for QualityQuality is an utophy or is feasible 🤔QualityQuality, though universally recognized as important, is characterized by a "notable plurality of interpretations that reflect its complexity and semantic richness." This semantic diversity often leads to confusion and partial approaches. Traditionally, quality is defined as "conformity to requirements" (Philip Crosby) or "fitness for use" (Joseph Juran). These definitions highlight that quality is not absolute but "always relative to specific needs or expectations."William A. Foster's words succinctly capture the intentional and strategic nature of quality: "Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of intelligent intention, sincere effort, intelligent...2025-06-241h 02
Vehicles RecallsStellantis Airbag Recall_ Citroen C3 and DS3 Stop-Drive OrderThe provided text, originating from Automotive News, highlights Stellantis's expanded "stop drive" order across Europe for certain Citroen C3 and DS 3 models. This urgent directive, impacting vehicles manufactured from 2009 to 2019 across 24 countries, is due to the significant safety risk posed by Takata airbags. The source also briefly touches upon other automotive industry news, including the aftermath of cyberattacks on CDK dealerships, challenges for Nissan's Murano, the intensifying battery technology competition between Ford and GM, and a column questioning Tesla's safety practices. Overall, the primary focus is on the critical recall initiated by Stellantis concerning the hazardous Takata airbags....2025-06-2405 min
Vehicles RecallsFord Recalls Aviator and Explorer_ Seat DefectFord is initiating a recall for 304,662 Lincoln Aviator and Ford Explorer crossovers from model years 2020 to 2025. The recall addresses a potential defect in the second-row seat fold lever bezel, which could be incorrectly installed, leading to the outboard seats binding or becoming unlatched while the vehicle is in motion. While Ford estimates only 6% of affected vehicles will have this defect, the issue poses a safety risk, potentially causing injury or collision due to unexpected seat movement. Ford will inspect and replace faulty bezels free of charge at dealerships.II. Key Information and Main ThemesA. Scope of...2025-06-2420 min
Q is stand for QualityISO 19011: Auditing Management Systems GuidanceThe provided text, an article from Quality Magazine, focuses on ISO 19011, a standard offering guidance for auditing management systems. It highlights that while many are aware of updates to ISO 9001, fewer realize ISO 19011 is also under review for a potential new revision. The article explains that ISO 19011 replaced an earlier standard, ISO 10011, to address the need for audit guidelines, especially for organizations implementing ISO 9001. The source also features typical magazine elements like advertisements for sponsored content, popular stories, and upcoming events, indicating it's a publication for professionals in the quality and manufacturing sectors.2025-06-2030 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringIn-wheel EV hub This briefing document summarizes the key themes and important facts regarding in-wheel EV hub motors, drawing insights from the provided source, "In-Wheel EV Hub Motors Could Be A Game-Changer. Why Aren't They Here Yet?".1. What are In-Wheel EV Hub Motors?In-wheel EV hub motors are a type of electric motor that is essentially integrated directly into the vehicle's wheel, rather than being located "inboard" within the car's body. This design eliminates the need for traditional drivetrain components like drive shafts and differentials. The concept is not new; Ferdinand Porsche conceived one of the earliest electric...2025-06-2048 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringWhen defective safety kills - Takata strikes again Citroen C3 recall-The provided text details Stellantis's immediate recall of Citroën C3 and DS 3 vehicles in Europe, specifically models manufactured between 2009 and 2019, due to faulty Takata airbags. This urgent "stop drive" warning was issued following a fatal accident in France attributed to an airbag malfunction. The article highlights the ongoing global issue with Takata airbags, which have led to numerous injuries and deaths and prompted one of the largest automotive recalls in history, ultimately causing Takata's bankruptcy. The source emphasizes the critical need for owners to update their contact information to ensure they receive recall notifications.2025-06-2028 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFord Recalls Aviator and Explorer: Seat Defect 1 fonteFord is initiating a recall for 304,662 Lincoln Aviator and Ford Explorer crossovers from model years 2020 to 2025. The recall addresses a potential defect in the second-row seat fold lever bezel, which could be incorrectly installed, leading to the outboard seats binding or becoming unlatched while the vehicle is in motion. While Ford estimates only 6% of affected vehicles will have this defect, the issue poses a safety risk, potentially causing injury or collision due to unexpected seat movement. Ford will inspect and replace faulty bezels free of charge at dealerships.II. Key Information and Main Themes2025-06-2020 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringStellantis sales Maserati...or not🤔🤔News" (Reuters News)Key Themes & Important Ideas:Maserati's Future Under Stellantis is Uncertain: Stellantis is reportedly "considering selling Maserati among other options." This indicates a strategic review of the luxury brand's position within the Stellantis portfolio.Significant Decline in Maserati Sales: A primary driver for this consideration is the drastic drop in Maserati's sales. The source states, "Maserati’s sales fell by more than half in 2024 to just 11,300 vehicles." This substantial decrease in volume likely impacts the brand's profitability and long-term viability for Stellantis.Recent Product Launches Haven't Reversed Trends: Despite the launch of new models li...2025-06-2004 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringNVIDIA SPARK Process for ISO 26262 Compliance 2The primary purpose of the "NVIDIA SPARK Process" document is to describe "a software process using Ada/SPARK to meet ISO 26262." This clearly indicates its focus on functional safety in automotive or similar critical systems, where ISO 26262 is the governing standard. The combination of Ada/SPARK suggests an emphasis on high integrity, formal verification, and robustness in software development.2025-06-191h 02
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringNVIDIA SPARK Process for ISO 26262 ComplianceThis GitHub repository from NVIDIA details a formal process for developing Ada/SPARK software to comply with the ISO 26262 functional safety standard. It provides reST (reStructuredText) sources for building documentation, including checklists and tracing information related to ISO 26262 requirements. The project is a joint effort between NVIDIA and AdaCore, with a disclaimer noting it's a reference process, not a definitive representation of internal development. The repository also outlines the tools and structure for contributing to and building the documentation, emphasizing the use of TRLC for requirement management and Python for generating conten2025-06-1938 minAutomotive Quality and EngineeringStellantis Airbag Recall_ Citroen C3 and DS3 Stop-Drive OrderThe provided text, originating from Automotive News, highlights Stellantis's expanded "stop drive" order across Europe for certain Citroen C3 and DS 3 models. This urgent directive, impacting vehicles manufactured from 2009 to 2019 across 24 countries, is due to the significant safety risk posed by Takata airbags. The source also briefly touches upon other automotive industry news, including the aftermath of cyberattacks on CDK dealerships, challenges for Nissan's Murano, the intensifying battery technology competition between Ford and GM, and a column questioning Tesla's safety practices. Overall, the primary focus is on the critical recall initiated by Stellantis concerning the hazardous Takata airbags.2025-06-1905 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringStellantis recall Citroen C3 with Takta Airbag The provided text, originating from Automotive News, highlights Stellantis's expanded "stop drive" order across Europe for certain Citroen C3 and DS 3 models. This urgent directive, impacting vehicles manufactured from 2009 to 2019 across 24 countries, is due to the significant safety risk posed by Takata airbags. The source also briefly touches upon other automotive industry news, including the aftermath of cyberattacks on CDK dealerships, challenges for Nissan's Murano, the intensifying battery technology competition between Ford and GM, and a column questioning Tesla's safety practices. Overall, the primary focus is on the critical recall initiated by Stellantis concerning the hazardous Takata airbags.2025-06-1905 min
Deep Dive AIThe Irony of Communication: Teaching AI While Losing Our LanguageThis study guide is designed to help you review and deepen your understanding of the provided text, "L'ironia della comunicazione: Insegniamo all'AI mentre perdiamo la nostra lingua."Key Themes:The Paradox of AI Communication: How, while we train AI to communicate perfectly, human expressive capacity diminishes.Deterioration of Human Communication: The shift towards brevity, acronyms, neologisms, and social media language.Dependence on AI for Expression: The implications of delegating writing tasks (emails, creative content, schoolwork) to AI.The Nuances AI Cannot Yet Grasp: The limitations of AI...2025-06-1811 min
Automotive Quality and EngineeringFord IATF Customer-Specific Requirements_ 2025 ReleaseQuesto documento del 2025 delinea i requisiti specifici per il cliente di Ford Motor Company per il sistema di gestione della qualitĂ IATF 16949:2016, applicabile ai fornitori del settore automobilistico. Il testo illustra le aspettative di Ford in merito alla gestione della qualitĂ , alla pianificazione operativa e alla valutazione delle prestazioni dei suoi fornitori. Copre aree chiave come la conformitĂ ai processi, il controllo dei fornitori esterni e le procedure di miglioramento continuo. Il documento enfatizza la necessitĂ di una certificazione di terze parti secondo la IATF 16949 e specifica le condizioni per le deroghe.2025-06-151h 16
Automotive Quality and EngineeringStellantis IATF 16949 Customer-Specific RequirementsStellantis IATF 16949 Customer-Specific RequirementsQuesto documento delinea i requisiti specifici del cliente (CSR) di Stellantis, da utilizzare in congiunzione con lo standard IATF 16949, per i suoi fornitori. Spiega come Stellantis organizza il rapporto con i fornitori, fornendo dettagli sui punti di contatto come l'Ingegnere QualitĂ Fornitori (SQE) o il Responsabile QualitĂ per Categorie di Prodotti (CQC). Il testo identifica due categorie principali di CSR che gli auditor IATF dovrebbero verificare, concentrandosi sia sull'interpretazione delle clausole IATF sia sull'affrontare le debolezze comuni nei sistemi di gestione della qualitĂ dei fornitori. Vengono fornite indicazioni dettagliate per vari aspetti della qualitĂ e della produzione, incl...2025-06-1556 min
Deep Dive AITranslAItor: Traduzione in Tempo Reale con Preservazione della Voce OriginalePanoramica Generale: Il documento presenta "TranslAItor", un sistema innovativo di traduzione simultanea ideato per facilitare conversazioni naturali tra persone che parlano lingue diverse. L'elemento distintivo di TranslAItor è la sua capacità di "preservare la voce e l'intonazione originale di ogni oratore attraverso l'intelligenza artificiale avanzata", distinguendolo dalle soluzioni di traduzione esistenti. Il sistema è stato sviluppato da Massimo Plavsic e presentato nella categoria "Elettronica".Visione e Missione: La visione centrale di TranslAItor è quella di eliminare le barriere linguistiche, promuovendo una comunicazione più autentica e connessioni profonde tra culture diverse. La missione dichiarata è "democratizzare la comunicazione multilingue attraverso la tec...2025-06-1406 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFord IATF Customer-Specific Requirements: 2025 ReleaseCompany Customer-Specific Requirements for IATF-16949:2016 (June 2025)Date: October 26, 2023 Source: "Ford-IATF-CSR_June-2025-Release-FINAL.pdf" (Effective 23-June-2025)I. Executive SummaryThis document outlines Ford Motor Company's (including Lincoln Motor Company) customer-specific quality management system requirements for organizations supplying automotive production and service parts, and finishing services, that are registered to IATF 16949:2016. It supplements the IATF 16949:2016 and ISO 9001:2015 standards, emphasizing Ford's specific expectations across various aspects of the quality management system. Key themes include stringent control over special characteristics, detailed requirements for measurement system analysis (Gauge R&R), comprehensive supplier management, robust design and...2025-06-141h 16
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringStellantis IATF 16949 Customer-Specific RequirementsStellantis Customer-Specific Requirements for IATF 16949 - Briefing DocumentThis document provides a detailed briefing on Stellantis's Customer-Specific Requirements (CSRs) for suppliers, designed for use with IATF 16949 certification. It highlights key themes, essential requirements, and practical implications for suppliers.1. Overview and Purpose of Stellantis CSRsStellantis's Customer-Specific Requirements (CSRs) are detailed in their "Quality Requirements for Suppliers" (QRS) document (reference 01276_22_00061/PRO.00109). This current "CSRs for use with IATF16949" document serves as a representative selection of the most audit-relevant generic requirements from the QRS, aimed at helping Certification Bodies (CBs) understand and audit...2025-06-1456 min
Deep Dive AITranslAItor: Real-time Voice-Preserving Language TranslationThe provided text introduces TranslAItor, an innovative real-time translation system designed for multilingual conversations. This system's primary goal is to overcome language barriers by enabling natural interactions while preserving each speaker's unique vocal identity and emotional nuances. TranslAItor achieves this through a multi-step process involving voice capture, analysis, recognition, translation, and customized voice synthesis that maintains original vocal characteristics. Unlike other solutions, it boasts minimal latency and utilizes a hybrid AI architecture with advanced neural networks to ensure accurate, contextually aware, and culturally sensitive translations. The project emphasizes the importance of the human voice in communication, aiming to create...2025-06-1427 min
Deep Dive AIExtreme heat in the city and solution found in AIThe provided text, an excerpt from "5 Ways AI Supports City Adaptation to Extreme Heat – The Living Library," examines the escalating threat of extreme urban heat due to climate change. It highlights how cities globally, including those in Europe, are already experiencing severe heatwaves, with projections indicating a drastic increase in exposed cities and higher peak temperatures by 2050. The article then introduces Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a crucial tool for urban climate adaptation, defining "Urban AI" as its application to urban systems and decision-making for managing extreme heat. A specific example is provided: Barcelona's use of an AI-powered ventilation system, RE...2025-06-1331 min
Q is stand for QualityBlue Ocean strategy locksettingsPROFontiChatStudioarrow_backdelete(Le risposte salvate sono di sola visualizzazione)Blue Ocean Strategy: Detailed Briefing DocumentExecutive SummaryThe Blue Ocean Strategy, developed by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, is a transformative business framework centered on creating uncontested market spaces, or "blue oceans," where competition is minimal or non-existent. This contrasts sharply with "red oceans," where businesses compete in saturated markets, often leading to price wars and diminishing profits. The c...2025-06-1258 min
Deep Dive AIInnovate or Perish: Embracing Change for Organizational SurvivalWhat are the primary reasons organizations resist change, particularly when it comes to technological innovation?Organizations often resist change due to a combination of psychological, social, and risk-related factors. Psychologically, humans naturally seek predictability and stability, and established processes offer a sense of security and competence that new changes threaten. Socially, organizational culture can reinforce this resistance, especially when long-tenured employees are rewarded for maintaining traditional approaches rather than questioning them. Furthermore, the perceived risks of change often appear more immediate and tangible than the potential benefits, leading to a cognitive bias towards preserving the status quo...2025-06-1233 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringRobots and Hyundai EV building The provided text, an article from IEEE Spectrum, details the advanced capabilities of Hyundai's new Metaplant in Ellabell, Georgia. This facility is highlighted as America's largest dedicated plant for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrids, boasting significant automation and robotic integration, including the use of Boston Dynamics' Spot and Atlas robots. The article emphasizes the plant's environmental sustainability initiatives, such as solar power and hydrogen-powered logistics, and its economic impact through job creation and substantial investment in the U.S. Finally, it discusses the strategic importance of the Metaplant for Hyundai's EV production, particularly concerning consumer tax credits and reducing...2025-06-1134 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringBMW virtual factory The provided text, a press release from the BMW Group, highlights the company's implementation and expansion of its Virtual Factory. This initiative involves creating digital twins of over 30 production sites globally to simulate and optimize production planning. A key application discussed is the automated collision check for new vehicle models, significantly reducing testing time and costs compared to traditional methods. The Virtual Factory is described as a core component of the BMW iFACTORY strategy and is projected to reduce production planning costs by up to 30 percent. BMW will showcase this technology at the upcoming NVIDIA GTC Paris event.12025-06-1132 min
Deep Dive AICyber security Errors and OmissionsThis source analyzes the favorable market conditions for cyber and technology Errors & Omissions (E&O) insurance despite an increase in claims and emerging global risks, highlighting that a well-capitalized and competitive market persists, extending favorable terms and pricing to buyers. It explains that while organizations have improved cybersecurity controls, leading to lower claim payouts, they must remain vigilant against evolving threats like AI-driven attacks, supply chain vulnerabilities, and ransomware. The text also examines regional market dynamics in North America and EMEA, where rates are declining due to abundant capacity and competition, and discusses key risk trends such as privacy...2025-06-1044 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringFord Recalls Explorers for Detaching Door TrimDate: June 12, 2024Subject: Review of Ford Recall for Detaching Exterior Door Trim on Explorer SUVsSource: "Ford recalls 492K SUVs for exterior door trim that can detach | Automotive Dive" (Published June 10, 2025)Key Themes:Major Vehicle Recall: Ford Motor Co. has issued a significant recall affecting nearly half a million Explorer SUVs.Safety Hazard: The recall is due to a safety risk posed by exterior B-pillar door trim that can become loose or detach while driving.Manufacturing Defect: The root cause of the issue has been identified as improper application of adhesive during...2025-06-1041 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringBMW Plant Uses AI for Quality ControlThis text describes how BMW Group Plant Regensburg is implementing artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance quality control in vehicle production. A new AI-driven software solution generates customized inspection recommendations for each unique vehicle on the assembly line. This system analyzes vast amounts of data to automatically determine the necessary checks and presents them to employees via a smartphone app, ultimately aiming to improve efficiency, speed, and reliability in ensuring premium vehicle quality. The article highlights that this initiative is part of BMW's broader digital transformation towards an intelligently connected factory.2025-06-0928 min
Q is stand for QualityBMW Plant Uses AI for Quality ControlThis text describes how BMW Group Plant Regensburg is implementing artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance quality control in vehicle production. A new AI-driven software solution generates customized inspection recommendations for each unique vehicle on the assembly line. This system analyzes vast amounts of data to automatically determine the necessary checks and presents them to employees via a smartphone app, ultimately aiming to improve efficiency, speed, and reliability in ensuring premium vehicle quality. The article highlights that this initiative is part of BMW's broader digital transformation towards an intelligently connected factory.2025-06-0928 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringAutomotive News Rare-Earth CrisisThis article highlights the automotive industry's concerns over China's restrictions on rare earth elements, which are essential for manufacturing. It notes the "full panic" among automakers due to this bottleneck. In addition to this primary focus, the article also includes brief mentions of other news in the automotive sector, such as Chrysler's future, Donald Trump's relationship with Elon Musk, automakers' reasons for price hikes, and GM's promotion of a new global manufacturing head.2025-06-0904 min
Automotive industry Quality and EngineeringIntegrated Scooter Charging for Vehicle TrunksThis text describes an innovative project by Veljko Massimo Plavsic focused on improving the transportation and charging of electric scooters within vehicles. The proposed solution involves integrated bilateral housings in a car's trunk that not only securely store two scooters but also automatically recharge them from the vehicle's battery. Key aspects covered include the system's design, technical specifications, safety features, market analysis, and potential future developments, aiming to offer a practical, safe, and integrated mobility experience for urban commuters and travelers. The project emphasizes ease of use, compatibility with various vehicles and scooters, and adherence to automotive safety standards...2025-06-0854 min
Q is stand for QualityISO 9001:2015 essential guide This comprehensive guide explains the ISO 9001:2015 standard for Quality Management Systems, detailing its requirements and practical implications. It covers essential aspects like understanding the organizational context, leadership's role, planning based on risks, resource management, and operational processes. The text emphasizes performance evaluation through monitoring, measurement, internal audits, and management reviews. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of continuous improvement and the tangible economic and competitive benefits of achieving ISO 9001 certification.2025-06-061h 24
Q is stand for QualityAIAG VDA FMEA vs. Previous AIAG FMEAThese sources describe the evolution of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the automotive sector, focusing on the shift from the original AIAG FMEA method to the more recent AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook. The transition is highlighted as a harmonization effort between American and German automotive industry groups to create a standardized, structured process for risk assessment. Key changes discussed include moving from a numerical Risk Priority Number (RPN) to a criticality-based Action Priority (AP) approach, emphasizing structure-function-failure relationships, and implementing a seven-step methodology. While offering advantages like improved collaboration, enhanced risk analysis, and global consistency, the sources also...2025-06-0620 min
Q is stand for QualityIATF 16949:2016 complete guideHere is a detailed briefing document reviewing the main themes and most important ideas or facts from the provided source on IATF 16949:Briefing Document: IATF 16949 OverviewPrepared For: [Recipient Name/Team] Date: October 26, 2023 Subject: Review of Key Concepts and Requirements of IATF 169491. Introduction and Purpose of IATF 16949IATF 16949 is the international standard for quality management systems specifically developed for the automotive industry. Published by the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) in 2016, it replaced ISO/TS 16949. It is structured as a supplement to ISO 9001...2025-06-061h 48
Q is stand for QUALITYGuida Essenziale alla ISO 9001_20152025-06-041h 24
Vehicles RecallsFord Mustang 2024_ Richiamo per quadro strumenti difettosoCar-Recalls.eu riporta un richiamo della Ford Mustang del 2024. Il problema risiede nel potenziale malfunzionamento del quadro strumenti, che potrebbe causare la mancata visualizzazione della velocità . Ford sta richiamando 8.364 veicoli per aggiornare il software dell'IPC in officine autorizzate. L'articolo cita il Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) tedesco come fonte del richiamo, con il codice di riferimento "14838R" e il codice interno del produttore "24C35". Il sito web offre inoltre informazioni su altri richiami di Ford e risorse per i proprietari. Car-Recalls.eu fornisce anche recensioni e informazioni sulla affidabilità di varie marche e modelli di autoBecome a supporter of this podcast...2025-02-2808 min
Vehicles RecallsAlfa Romeo_ Rischio guasto freni su Giulia e StelvioAlfa Romeo sta richiamando 6.355 veicoli dei modelli Giulia e Stelvio prodotti tra il 2019 e il 2020 a causa di un potenziale difetto al sistema frenante. La causa del richiamo è un alloggiamento del freno BSM installato in modo errato, che può causare un collegamento difettoso tra il pedale del freno e il servofreno. Questa situazione potrebbe portare a una frenata di emergenza inefficace, compromettendo la sicurezza del veicolo. Il richiamo è monitorato dal Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) con il numero di riferimento "14789R" e il codice interno del produttore è "6962".Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/vehicles-recalls--6499215/support.2025-02-2823 min
Q is stand for QUALITYW.E.DemingW. Edwards Deming è stato un influente statistico e consulente, considerato uno dei padri della gestione della qualità . Il suo lavoro ha trasformato le pratiche di produzione, specialmente in Giappone dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, dove i suoi insegnamenti hanno portato a miglioramenti significativi e alla creazione del Premio Deming. Deming ha sviluppato i 14 Punti per la Gestione e il Sistema di Conoscenza Profonda, principi fondamentali per il miglioramento continuo e la leadership efficace. La sua filosofia enfatizza il processo decisionale basato sui dati, la riduzione della variabilità e il coinvolgimento dei dipendenti. Il suo impatto si estende oltre la produzione, inf...2025-02-2810 min
Q is stand for QUALITYX-bar R Charts_ Statistical Process Control2025-02-2816 min
Q is stand for QUALITYThe Pareto Principle_ An 80_20 Statistical Overview2025-02-2812 min
Q is stand for QUALITYISO 22768_ General Tolerances for Technical Drawings2025-02-2814 min
Q is stand for QUALITYChecklist di produzione 5S_ Efficienza Lean2025-02-2808 min
Q is stand for QUALITYGage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R) Studies2025-01-3114 min