Shows
CCDA PodcastManna for the Movement: Jeremiah 6:13-16bWelcome to Manna for the Movement, short devotionals from the CCDA community to encourage you to meet with God today, wherever you find yourself on your journey. This series focuses on the theme of Shalom—a concept encompassing wholeness, well-being, justice, development, and harmony. It speaks to a state of right relationship with God, with one another, and with creation, where nothing is missing and nothing is broken.In this episode, Marie Moy leads us in meditating on Jeremiah 6:13-16b through the practice of Lectio Divina.Marie Moy serves as the Director of Operations, an...
2025-10-3007 min
CCDA PodcastFlourishing Congregations in North CarolinaLynette McIntosh-Madrigal is joined by James Harrison, Crystal Heilig, and Marcia C. Wilson to discuss how their churches are doing ministry with their communities. They are all members of different AME Zion churches in North Carolina who are also part of CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative. They share about their experience with the program, how they are listening to their communities, and how they are partnering with their neighbors.Learn more about CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative at ccda.org/fci.Learn more about CCDA and how you can get involved at ccda.org. Connect with...
2025-10-2843 min
CCDA PodcastFlourishing Congregations in North CarolinaLynette McIntosh-Madrigal is joined by James Harrison, Crystal Heilig, and Marcia C. Wilson to discuss how their churches are doing ministry with their communities. They are all members of different AME Zion churches in North Carolina who are also part of CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative. They share about their experience with the program, how they are listening to their communities, and how they are partnering with their neighbors.Learn more about CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative at ccda.org/fci.Learn more about CCDA and how you can get involved at ccda.org. Connect with...
2025-10-2843 min
CCDA PodcastManna for the Movement: Isaiah 65:17-25Welcome to Manna for the Movement, short devotionals from the CCDA community to encourage you to meet with God today, wherever you find yourself on your journey. For the next two weeks, every Thursday, this series will focus on the theme of Shalom—a concept encompassing wholeness, well-being, justice, development, and harmony. It speaks to a state of right relationship with God, with one another, and with creation, where nothing is missing and nothing is broken.In this episode, Gabrielle Piceno leads us in meditating on Isaiah 65:17-25 through the practice of Lectio Divina.Gabrielle Pi...
2025-10-2311 min
CCDA PodcastManna for the Movement: Psalm 125Welcome to Manna for the Movement, short devotionals from the CCDA community to encourage you to meet with God today, wherever you find yourself on your journey. For the next three weeks, every Thursday, this series will focus on the theme of Shalom—a concept encompassing wholeness, well-being, justice, development, and harmony. It speaks to a state of right relationship with God, with one another, and with creation, where nothing is missing and nothing is broken.In this episode, Lyndal Bedford leads us in meditating on Psalm 125 through the practice of Lectio Divina.Lyndal is a...
2025-10-1608 min
CCDA PodcastLoving our Unhoused NeighborJohn Hull is joined by Dr. Terence Lester to discuss their work with people experiencing homelessness. They share stories about the unhoused population, highlight the importance of proximity and listening to the community, and share practical ways we can love our neighbors who don’t have an address.Learn more about Dr. Lester’s new book, From Dropout to Doctorate at ivpress.com/from-dropout-to-doctorate. And make plans to join us at the CCDA Conference this November at ccda.org/conference.Terence Lester (PhD, Union Institute and University) is a storyteller, public scholar, speaker, community activist, and...
2025-10-141h 01
CCDA PodcastManna for the Movement: Isaiah 61:8-11Welcome to Manna for the Movement, short devotionals from the CCDA community to encourage you to meet with God today, wherever you find yourself on your journey. For the next four weeks, every Thursday, this series will focus on the theme of Shalom—a concept encompassing wholeness, well-being, justice, development, and harmony. It speaks to a state of right relationship with God, with one another, and with creation, where nothing is missing and nothing is broken.In this episode, Breana van Velzen leads us in meditating on Isaiah 61:8-11 through the practice of Lectio Divina.Th...
2025-10-0910 min
CCDA PodcastManna for the Movement: John 17:20-24Welcome to Manna for the Movement, short devotionals from the CCDA community to encourage you to meet with God today, wherever you find yourself on your journey. For the next five weeks, every Thursday, this series will focus on the theme of Shalom—a concept encompassing wholeness, well-being, justice, development, and harmony. It speaks to a state of right relationship with God, with one another, and with creation, where nothing is missing and nothing is broken.In this episode, Dr. Lorenzo A. Watson leads us in meditating on John 17:20-24 through the practice of Lectio Divina....
2025-10-0209 min
CCDA PodcastNeighboring in Militarized CommunitiesSandra Maria Van Opstal is joined by Pastor Julio Hernández to share stories from the ground in Chicago and Washington, DC. They also discuss ways that the church and Christians can be good neighbors and work together toward collective liberation.Want to have more conversations like this with other CCD practitioners? Check out CCDA’s Immigration Network and listen to our conversation with Pastor Carlos Rincon of LA, wherever you get your podcasts! Make plans to join us at the CCDA Conference this November at ccda.org/conference.Sandra Maria Van Opstal, a second-generation Lat...
2025-10-0150 min
CCDA PodcastConfronting Narratives about AAPI PeopleElizabeth Cronlund is joined by Marie Moy to confront some common narratives about Asian American and Pacific Islander populations. They take a look at some of the history of AAPI in the United States, and reflect on the ways that history informs where we find ourselves today. They also share some ways we can build coalitions and stand in solidarity so we are able to move forward together.Learn more about CCDA’s AAPI Network at ccda.org/aapi. And make plans to join us at the CCDA Conference this November at ccda.org/conference.Ma...
2025-09-261h 01
CCDA PodcastBuilding Bridges in Grand RapidsEthan Daly is joined by Ryan Waalkes and Christy Carlin Knetsch to share about how God is moving in their city of Grand Rapids. They reflect on the history of Grand Rapids, what it means to pursue peace and belonging instead of mere civility or niceness, and the power of reconciliation in action. Learn more about the CCDA Conference and make plans to join us in Grand Rapids this November at ccda.org/conference. And discover ways to connect with like-minded people through CCDA’s local and affinity networks at ccda.org/connect. With over two...
2025-09-1649 min
CCDA PodcastLeadership Lessons from the Front PorchSharon Fong Mo is joined by Dr. Froswa' Booker-Drew to discuss her new book Front Porch Wisdom. They reflect on the challenges and beauty of being a woman of color in a leadership position. They also share about the importance of relationships, both in leadership and in life. Get Front Porch Wisdom wherever books are sold and read an excerpt on the CCDA blog. Learn more about the Women of Color Network at ccda.org/woc.Dr. Froswa's ripple effect stands out in the realm of cultural transformation. Her role as a network weaver emphasizes t...
2025-09-0248 min
CCDA PodcastBeing Present in HawaiiDarryl Answer is joined by Eun Strawser, the co-vocational lead pastor of Ma Ke Alo o (which means “Presence” in Hawaiian), non-denominational missional communities multiplying in Honolulu, Hawaii. They discuss the importance of being present in the community and being rooted in a place. Eun also shares about the recovery efforts on the island, three years after the Lāhainā fires.Learn more about the CCDA Conference and make plans to join us at ccda.org/conference. And discover ways to connect with like-minded people through CCDA’s local and affinity networks at ccda.org/connect. Eun K...
2025-08-1930 min
CCDA PodcastWhat are Cohorts? And Why Do They Matter?Turan De’Angelo Rush is joined by Bethany Rivera Molinar and Jeff Biddle to discuss CCDA’s leadership cohorts. They unpack what cohorts are and why they’re important; they also share their experiences in their cohorts, the incredible relationships they’ve formed, and the leadership lessons they are still drawing on today. CCDA’s newest cohort, Cohort 9, is now accepting applications! This cohort is for Gen Z leaders in the Southeastern U.S. Learn more and apply at ccda.org/cohort. Turan De’Angelo Rush is the founding COO of the Midian Leadership Project, Inc., a sports...
2025-08-0530 min
CCDA PodcastA Look at Indigenous LeadershipRoslyn Hernández is joined by Carol Bremer-Bennett, the U.S. Executive Director of World Renew. Together, they discuss asset-based community development around the world, the process of connecting with their Indigenous heritage, and the importance of listening to the wisdom of elders. They also reflect on what shalom means in the lives of individuals and communities. Learn more about the CCDA Conference and make plans to join us at ccda.org/conference. And learn more about CCDA’s Indigenous Peoples network at ccda.org/indigenous. Carol Bremer-Bennett is World Renew's U.S. Executive Director. As di...
2025-07-2246 min
CCDA PodcastWhat is the CCD Philosophy?Four seasoned CCD leaders dive into the 8 Key Components of the Christian Community Development philosophy. Discover how this approach to ministry can restore and transform lives, communities, and systems. This audio is from the 2024 Conference workshop, Overview of CCD Philosophy, Theology, and Practice.Timestamps(~02:55) - Relocation (Jonathan Brooks)(~10:11) - Reconciliation (Sandra Maria Van Opstal)(~15:47) - Redistribution (Mary Nelson)(~23:44) - Leadership Development (Sandra Maria Van Opstal)(~29:33) - Church-Based (Eun Strawser)(~34:17) - Listening to the Community (Mary Nelson)(~40:00) - Wholistic Approach (Eun Strawser)(~46:30...
2025-07-0854 min
CCDA PodcastPastoring in the Midst of Immigration RaidsChristina Foor is joined by Pastor Carlos Rincon to discuss what life is like right now in Los Angeles. Pastor Carlos shares about how he and his church are serving their community right now, the importance of showing up with compassion, and some ways you can pray for those in LA. If you want to learn more about how you can get involved, check out CCDA’s Immigration Network at ccda.org/immigration. And for more information on the immigration process, watch our Immigration Law Basics webinar. Click here for prayer requests from CCDA members in Southern Cal...
2025-06-2452 min
CCDA PodcastEquity in Education and the ChurchDr. Lorenzo A. Watson is joined by Natarsha Sanders to discuss education equity. They reflect on the state of education today, why equity in education is important, and how we can make our communities more equitable. Learn more about CCDA’s Education Equity Network, #TransformED, at ccda.org/transformed.Natarsha Prince Sanders is a career educator with over 15 years of professional experience both inside and outside of the classroom. She earned a B.A. in Philosophy and History from Hollins University and a M.A. in Special Education from North Carolina Central University. She is cur...
2025-05-1352 min
CCDA PodcastFrom 'In the Community' to 'With the Community'Lynette McIntosh-Madrigal is joined by Pamela Evans and Pastor Jermaine B. Armour of Saint Luke AME Zion Church in Wilmington, North Carolina. They share stories of hope, discuss how they are partnering with God and their neighbors to see their community flourish, and reflect on their journey from being in the community to being with the community. Saint Luke is part of CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative, a four-year program that empowers church leaders to deepen their congregations’ community engagement, enhance their ministries, and contribute to the flourishing of their neighborhoods.Learn more about CCDA’s Flour...
2025-04-2346 min
CCDA PodcastShalom in Grand RapidsScott Overpeck is joined by Justin and Nate Beene of Grand Rapids Center for Community Transformation to discuss their work in Grand Rapids, MI. They share how they are pursuing Shalom, working toward community flourishing with their neighbors, and seeing God move in their city. They also offer some encouragement for CCD practitioners and recommend some of their favorite parts of Grand Rapids. Visit grcct.com to learn more about the Grand Rapids Center for Community Transformation and their work. Make plans to come to the 2025 CCDA Conference November 5-8 in Grand Rapids, MI....
2025-04-0846 min
CCDA PodcastCreating Belonging Through LanguageSarah Callen is joined by Emanuel “Ricky” Padilla and Dra. Itzel Meduri to discuss multilingualism. They share the history of language weaponization and hierarchy in America, which led to the signing of an Executive Order in 2025 designating English as the official language of The United States. Ricky and Dra. Meduri also offer theological support for multilingualism and practical steps we can take to embrace this practice in our lives.Visit World Outspoken’s website to learn more about the work that Ricky and Dra. Meduri are doing on multilingualism. And be sure to check out their course, Lingua...
2025-03-2851 min
CCDA PodcastA Look at the Immigration LandscapeChristina Foor is joined by Dr. Alexia Salvatierra and Angelica Acosta Garnett, long-time friends and practitioners of CCDA, especially in the Immigration space. They take a look at the current immigration landscape and discuss what our call is as CCD practitioners.Learn more about CCDA’s Immigration Network, including their Lent series, Love Knows No Borders, at ccda.org/immigration. Rev. Dr. Alexia Salvatierra is the Academic Dean of the Centro Latino at Fuller Theological Seminary as well as the Assistant Professor of Integral Mission and Global Transformation. She is available for speaking, training, and work...
2025-03-1156 min
CCDA PodcastCCD at Work in On Ramps ChurchLynette McIntosh-Madrigal is joined by Erik Mast-Foss, the Community Life Pastor at On Ramps Covenant Church in Fresno, CA, to discuss how God is moving in his community. On Ramps is part of CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative, a comprehensive four-year program that empowers church leaders to deepen their congregations’ community engagement, enhance their ministries, and contribute to the flourishing of their neighborhoods.Learn more about CCDA’s Flourishing Congregations Initiative at ccda.org/fci. Erik Mast-Foss is a community member and pastor at On Ramps Covenant Church in Fresno, CA. He does life wit...
2025-02-2545 min
CCDA PodcastBehind the Scenes of 'The Return'Christina Foor is joined by Maya Moore Irons, Jonathan Irons, and Bo Cornelius to discuss The Return. In January 2025, we stepped inside two maximum-security prisons together—Jefferson City Correctional Center and Algoa—to bring encouragement through music and capture Jonathan’s return to the place where he was wrongfully incarcerated for 23 years. This conversation unpacks that experience, the importance of standing in solidarity with the incarcerated, and how YOU can get involved.This podcast is part of Locked in Solidarity, CCDA’s awareness and action week on mass incarceration. Gary Campbell’s blog, mentioned in the episode...
2025-02-141h 02
CCDA PodcastWelcome Back to the CCDA Podcast!Welcome to the CCDA Podcast! In this episode, Dr. Lorenzo Watson, the CEO of CCDA, stops by to share a little about his story, what CCDA is, what you can expect from this podcast, and ways you can get involved.Sign up for the CCDA Newsletter.Learn more about membership and networks.Save the date for the CCDA conference, November 5-8, 2025, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.If you are already a CCDA member, click here to fill out the member survey (the survey closes on 1/31).Connect with CCDA on Instagram...
2025-01-3025 min
CCDA PodcastBONUS: Learning From Our Indigenous FamilyIn this episode, you will hear from a panel of Native speakers as they consider what it means to be home. You will hear from JR Lilly, Lenore Three Stars, Edith Woodley, Randy Woodley, and Corey Greaves as they share their wisdom with us.Learn more at ccda.org/indigenous.Connect with Lenore on her website: lenorethreestars.com.Learn more about Randy and Edith's work at eloheh.org.Connect with Corey and his organization at mendingwings.net.Connect with CCDA on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Follow CCDA on...
2024-11-1231 min
CCDA PodcastBONUS: Mental Health Awareness MonthEach May, CCDA offers events, trainings, and resources at the intersection of faith and mental health.In this bonus episode, Lyndal Bedford, CCDA’s Behavioral Health Affinity Network co-leader, explores how CCD practitioners are incorporating mental health practices into their organizations and contexts. First, you will hear Lyndal’s conversation with CCD practitioners Dr. Jeff Biddle and Turan Rush from the Midian Leadership Project in Charleston, West Virginia. Then, you will hear his conversation with Stephanie Ann Vander Lugt from Kinship Plot in Charlotte, North Carolina.For more information about CCDA’s mental health o...
2024-05-011h 10
CCDA PodcastJourney To Justice — Advocacy That Moves Beyond The Criminal Legal System And Builds What We NeedHow can the Church work for the flourishing of all society? Often, Christians care deeply for those within our church and see those outside its walls as “causes” or “issues” rather than image bearers with equal dignity and need. Our criminal legal system has replaced the Church as the first and longest responder to violence. How can the Church assume its rightful place in caring for the most marginalized, lock arms with our neighbors to learn from AND serve them, and build a culture where our response to violence and harm centers love rather than punishment, police, or prisons? Join us...
2023-09-1958 min
2023-09-0521 min
CCDA PodcastBeyond The Opioid Crisis & Into CommunitiesThis workshop will be educational and interactive in equipping those who are building community with the connections between addiction, the opioid epidemic, recovery and faith – especially in the wake of pandemic realities & polarized communities. The processes and strategies for decreasing stigma and increasing hope will be both taught and explored.
2023-08-221h 02
CCDA PodcastBrown ChurchThe CCDA Online Institute & Missio Alliance partner to present, “Brown Church: Five Centuries of Latina/Latino Social Justice, Theology, & Identity.” Join us to learn more about the history and theology of Latino/Latina culture and what Robert Chao Romero’s newest book calls “Brown Church.” Romero considers how this movement has responded to these and other injustices throughout its history by appealing to the belief that God’s vision for redemption includes heavenly promises and the transformation of every aspect of our lives and the world. Lisa Rodriguez-Watson will guide our conversation with Robert Chao Romero about how his Chinese-Mexi...
2023-08-0857 min
CCDA PodcastIndigenous Peoples' Family TalkJoin us in a conversation led by our Indigenous family in which we will discuss our nuanced identities, our colonized history, loving our communities well, and following the Jesus Way. This is a discussion you won’t want to miss because frankly, it’s time for us to listen to this part of our family. Lead by: Delphina Johnson, Jennifer Hinson, Kathy Mitchell, and Tricia Ivanoff
2023-07-251h 03
CCDA PodcastKingdom United: Exploring Multicultural Worship2018 CCDA National Conference — Chicago WorkshopKingdom United: Exploring Multicultural Worship — Chantel VarnadoKingdom United is an interactive workshop that will explore the depth and dynamics of multicultural worship. Come learn how to develop practices that increase community engagement and empower marginalized people to have a voice and a sense of belonging.
2023-07-1149 min
CCDA PodcastLiving Intentionally: Perspectives On Poverty2019 CCDA National Conference — Dallas WorkshopLiving Intentionally: Perspectives on Poverty — Elia MorenoThis workshop teaches how to build relationships and strengthen interactions with those living in emotional and economic poverty. Educating practitioners about the diverse perspectives of people who live in poverty is essential for CCD ministry. Attendees are invited to explore the diverse types of poverty, homelessness, and communication theory, as well as how different lived experiences influence the people we serve. Walk away with a different filter for addressing poverty: a filter without blame or judgment that allows you to better connect with peop...
2023-06-271h 10
CCDA PodcastMarching Towards The Beloved CommunityPresenter: Terrance HawkinsTerrance Hawkins is a husband & father of 4 beautiful children. A native of Winston-Salem, NC,he has served the local church & his city for the last 17 years through pastoral ministry, peace &justice activism, intercultural community building, youth development, & the arts. He is the founder/director of Lit City (a youth development initiative), co-founder of a collective of local activists called the Drum Majors Alliance, & currently serves as the Co-Executive Director for the school of Love—a local cohort seeking to reclaim the ways of radical discipleship.In 2014Terrance was selected to participate in the CCDA’s 5t...
2023-06-1318 min
CCDA PodcastWorship As Resistance And Renewal Excerpts from songsChantel Varnado -I'm all Yours - https://youtu.be/GjTNJg1fidMThe Porter's Gate - Instrument of Peace - https://youtu.be/d0ZYPpqcIP0
2023-05-3021 min
CCDA PodcastHome In The Hood: Rooting Your Family In CCDA Principles2018 CCDA National Conference — Chicago WorkshopHome in the Hood: Rooting Your Family In CCDA Principles — Jonathan & Micheál Brooks, Paco & Sylvia AmadorRaising your family in the hood presents incredible opportunities and unique challenges. The Brooks and Amador families will share from their hearts the practical experiences of raising their families where Christ has called them to serve. Topics include safety, education, marriage, children in ministry, community influences, and self-care.
2023-05-161h 08
CCDA PodcastImpact InvestingIn this episode, Jerome Garciano presents his masterclass on Impact Investment for Christian Community Development. Check out ccda.org/shownotes for additional info and slides on this and previous episodes.
2023-05-0211 min
CCDA PodcastRaquel Patterson of Oak Tree Ministries and Paul Miles from We Raise FoundationToday, we're joined by Paul Miles, the President and CEO of the We Raise Foundation, and Raquel Patterson, the executive director of oak tree ministries in Birmingham, Alabama. So thank you all, for being with me and having this conversation.
2023-04-201h 06
CCDA PodcastCreating a Leadership PipelineIn our era, we are facing a tremendous problem. The essential ingredient for community transformation is leadership. Yet most ministries do not have an intentional process to grow leaders. Solid leadership within an urban ministry organization is critical for sustainability. In this course, Alvin Sanders will address the challenges of developing indigenous urban leaders. He shares a model of how an urban ministry can create and maintain a leadership “pipeline” filled and flowing to guarantee a stable supply of skilled leaders.Dr. Alvin Sanders has a personal mission to be with God, love his family, and invest in t...
2023-04-041h 10
CCDA PodcastFrom Spiritual Bypassing To Entering Into Each Other's PainDr. Peace Amadi leads this session to define spiritual bypassing, identify how it’s operated in our lives and ministries, unpack how it has negatively impacted mental health and spiritual health, individually and communally, and explore new ways of being with each other during times of emotional pain.
2023-03-2147 min
CCDA PodcastThe Minority Experience: Navigating Emotional & Organizational RealitiesThis week, Adrian Pay teaches us about the minority experience, navigating emotional and organizational realities. Today's session is taken from the 2018 CCDA National Conference in Chicago.
2023-03-071h 01
CCDA PodcastDeveloping A Healthy Organizational CultureDeveloping A Healthy Organizational Culture lead by Emanuel Padilla
2023-02-2156 min
CCDA PodcastBeing A White Ally In White SpacesToday's conversation is with Elizabeth Cronlund from the 2021 CCDA Conference.
2023-02-071h 05
CCDA PodcastBiblical Justice Through Faith-Rooted Organizing And Advocacy2016 CCDA National Conference — Los Angeles WorkshopBiblical Justice Through Faith-Rooted Organizing and Advocacy — Michelle Warren, Gullermo Torres, and Alexia Salvatierra
2023-01-241h 06
CCDA PodcastCultivating Healing Spaces: Strategies For Wholeness And Wellbeing On A Community-LevelIn this episode, Dayna Carr teaches us about Cultivating Healing Spaces: Strategies For Wholeness And Wellbeing On A Community-Level from the 2019 CCDA National Conference
2023-01-101h 10CCDA Podcast2022 Christmas GreetingsHello and Merry Christmas,I am Lorenzo Watson, your interim CEO & President at CCDA. I’ve stopped by the podcast to say thank you.Thank you to all of our CCDA members and friends who have given of your gifts, talents, wisdom, and friendship throughout the year. Your commitment to justice and community transformation continue to inspire me. It is because of you we are seeing people and communities experience God’s shalom across the nation.I also want to take a moment to celebrate some awesome things happening in our community.Di...
2022-12-2903 min
CCDA PodcastHow To Build The Engaged Board Your Organization NeedsJonathan Haskell, Matthew Best, and Daniel Watson share about how to recruit, assess, and encourage your Board of Directors. Taken from the 2021 CCDA National Conference.
2022-12-2759 min
CCDA PodcastHeaven For A G?: Hip Hop, Film, & The Great CommissionTamice Namae Spencer shares from her workshop - Heaven For A G?: Hip Hop, Film, & The Great Commission. Taken from the 2019 CCDA National Conference. Psalm 139, Luke 9, John 18.
2022-12-1345 min
CCDA PodcastPastoral Challenges & Opportunities In Gentrifying NeighborhoodsTaken from their workshop at the 2018 CCDA National Conference, Matthew Watson, Nikki Wiggins, & Justin Fung teach us about Pastoral Challenges & Opportunities In Gentrifying Neighborhoods.
2022-11-2926 min
CCDA PodcastUrban Gardens Are Community AssetsOn today's episode: Jesse Chang, Raw Huang, and Tim Yee help us understand how an urban garden connects us all to the community.
2022-11-1748 min
CCDA PodcastEffective Successions: A Framework For Leadership TransitionEffective Successions: A Framework For Leadership Transition with Dr. Joanne Solis-Walker and Dan Walker. Hosted by former CCDA President, Ava Steffens.
2022-11-0146 minCCDA PodcastCCDA Podcast TrailerChristian Community Development Association (CCDA) is a network of Christians committed to seeing people and communities experience God’s shalom. This podcast features teaching from our annual conference, interviews, and training courses.
2022-10-2800 min