Shows
CHEMDUNNTopic: Collision Theory and the Arrhenius EquationThis episode explains the fundamental principles of collision theory, stating that molecular collisions are necessary for reactions to occur, and that both proper orientation and sufficient energy are required for effective collisions. It introduces the concept of activation energy, the minimum energy needed for a reaction, and the unstable transition state formed during a successful collision. Finally, the episode discusses the Arrhenius equation, which quantifies the relationship between reaction rate constants, temperature, and activation energy, demonstrating how these factors influence the speed of a chemical reaction.2025-05-0809 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Limiting ReactantThis episode explains the concept of limiting reactants in chemical reactions. It uses the analogy of making pairs of gloves to illustrate how the reactant present in the smaller amount (the limiting reactant) determines the maximum amount of product formed. The episode then demonstrates how to identify the limiting reactant and calculate the theoretical yield of product using stoichiometry, working through several example problems involving different reactants and products.
Learn more: https://www.chemdunn.com/limiting-reactant2024-12-2909 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Molar MassThis episode explains how to calculate the molar mass of a chemical compound, which is the mass of one mole (6.022 x 1023 units) of that substance. It details the process for both molecular and ionic compounds, using examples such as methane, juglone, and calcium carbonate.
For more: https://www.chemdunn.com/molar-mass2024-12-2910 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Hess's LawHess's Law describes how the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes of its individual steps. Because enthalpy is a state function, the overall enthalpy change remains constant regardless of the reaction pathway.
For more: https://www.chemdunn.com/hess-law2024-12-2907 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Heat FlowThis episode introduces thermochemistry, exploring energy's various forms and transformations. It defines energy, heat, and temperature, differentiating between potential and kinetic energy and explaining their roles in chemical and physical changes. It discusses heat transfer and its relationship to thermal energy, describing exothermic and endothermic processes. Finally, it emphasizes the law of conservation of energy and its implications for chemical and physical phenomena.
For more: https://www.chemdunn.com/heat-flow2024-12-2914 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Covalent NomenclatureThis episode explains the nomenclature of binary covalent compounds, highlighting the system of prefixes (like mono, di, tri) used to indicate the number of atoms of each element. It contrasts this systematic naming with common names like "water," explaining that while the system generally follows rules of assigning suffixes like -ide, exceptions exist due to established usage. The discussion also touches upon the interesting question of why common names persist despite the systematic approach.
2024-12-1010 minCHEMDUNNTopic: Ionic NomenclatureThis episode explains the systematic naming conventions for inorganic binary compounds, which are compounds composed of two elements. It covers ionic compounds, focusing on how to determine the name of a compound based on its chemical formula and vice versa. The episode differentiates between Type I binary ionic compounds, which contain a metal that forms only one type of cation, and Type II binary ionic compounds, which contain metals that can form multiple types of cations. It also discusses the naming of compounds containing polyatomic ions, which are groups of atoms that carry a charge. Finally, the episode provides a flo...2024-11-1417 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Electrochemistry - Electrolytic cells and ElectroplatingThis episode explains the fundamentals of electrochemistry, focusing on electrolytic cells and electroplating. It defines key terms like oxidation, reduction, anode, and cathode, highlighting the difference between galvanic and electrolytic cells. It then delves into electrolysis, explaining how to determine the products of an electrolytic reaction and how to calculate the amount of substance produced using Faraday's laws. 2024-10-1314 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Electrochemistry - Redox and Galvanic CellsThis episode provides a detailed explanation of electrochemistry, focusing on redox reactions and galvanic cells. It covers fundamental concepts like oxidation and reduction, balancing redox reactions, and cell potential calculations. It also describes electrochemical cells, including their components and how they operate, as well as the relationship between cell potential, free energy, and equilibrium. 2024-10-1312 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Buffers and TitrationsThis episode explains the concept of buffers, their applications in titrations, and how to calculate the pH of a buffered solution. It outlines the key components of buffers, which are a weak acid and its conjugate base, and the chemical reactions involved in how they resist changes in pH upon the addition of strong acids or bases. It also emphasizes the use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH of a buffer solution, highlighting the importance of the ratio of the acid to base concentrations in determining the pH. Lastly, it discusses the preparation of buffer solutions and...2024-10-1311 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Acid-Base EquilibriumThis episode is about acid-base equilibrium. It defines acids and bases according to Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry, emphasizing the concepts of conjugate acid-base pairs and the importance of understanding ionization. It goes on to explain the relationship between acid strength and ionization, highlighting the difference between strong and weak acids and bases. It then delves into the calculation of pH for weak acids and bases using the Ka and Kb constants, and finally explores the impact of salts on pH through hydrolysis. The episode concludes with a cheat sheet summarizing the key concepts and relationships related to acid-base equilibrium.2024-10-1310 minCHEMDUNNLearn: EquilibriumThis episode focuses on chemical equilibrium and solubility equilibrium, key concepts in chemistry. It explains how to determine the direction of a reaction, the equilibrium constant (K), and the factors that affect it. The text also covers Le Châtelier's principle, which describes how a system at equilibrium responds to changes in conditions. Finally, it explores solubility equilibrium, including the solubility product constant (Ksp), and how to predict whether a precipitate will form.2024-10-1310 minCHEMDUNNLearn: ThermochemistryThis episode provides a comprehensive overview of thermochemistry, focusing on the concepts of internal energy, heat flow, and enthalpy, all key elements in understanding chemical reactions. It explains how to calculate heat using calorimetry and specific heat capacity and introduces the enthalpy of formation and Hess's Law as tools for determining enthalpy change. It also delves into using bond energies to calculate enthalpy changes and provides a cheat sheet summarizing important relationships and potential pitfalls in thermochemistry.2024-10-1310 minCHEMDUNNLearn: ThermodynamicsThis episode provides a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics, focusing on concepts like enthalpy, entropy, and free energy. It outlines the laws of thermodynamics, explains how to calculate heat, and discusses the relationship between enthalpy, entropy, and free energy. The epsiode further delves into the application of these concepts to chemical reactions, including calculating enthalpy changes using Hess's Law, and explains how entropy and free energy influence the spontaneity of a reaction.2024-10-1323 minCHEMDUNNKinetics - Integrated RatesThis episode focused on integrated rates in chemical kinetics and explains how to determine the order of a reaction by analyzing the linear relationship between reactant concentration and time on various graphs. It also provides the integrated rate laws for zero-order, first-order, and second-order reactions, highlighting the importance of the rate constant (k) and its relationship to the slope of the graph. It further discusses half-life as a measure of the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease by half, along with key connections to stoichiometry, electrochemistry, and thermochemistry.2024-10-1313 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Kinetics - Rates and MechanismsThis episode describes chemical kinetics, the study of how fast chemical reactions proceed. It explains the collision theory, which posits that molecules must collide with sufficient energy and the correct orientation to react. It then explores factors that affect reaction rates, including temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of catalysts. It also discusses rate laws and how they relate to the rate constant, reaction order, and the mechanism of the reaction. Finally, it explains how to identify intermediates and catalysts within a mechanism and emphasizes the importance of the rate-determining step in determining the overall reaction rate.2024-10-1312 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Gas LawsThis episodes focuses on the behavior of gases. It highlights key concepts and formulas, such as the ideal gas law (PV=nRT), and how gases deviate from ideal behavior under certain conditions. It also emphasizes the relationships between gas properties like pressure, volume, and temperature, as well as the importance of Kelvin temperature for gas calculations. It concludes with a discussion of Boyle's and Charles' laws and the importance of understanding how gas behavior is represented graphically.2024-10-1206 minCHEMDUNNAbout AP® Chemistry CourseThis episode outlines the requirements for the College Board's AP Chemistry course, which is designed to provide students with a robust understanding of chemical principles at various levels: macroscopic, microscopic, sub-microscopic, and symbolic.
It details the course's two essential components: Science Practices and Course Content. The science practices are a set of skills students must develop and apply throughout the course, such as analyzing models and representations, designing experiments, and interpreting data. The course content is organized into units of study that cover specific chemical concepts and topics. The document provides a detailed breakdown of each science prac...2024-10-1212 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Intermolecular ForcesThis episode explains the various types of intermolecular forces (IMFs) and how they affect the properties of matter. It begins by describing how IMFs influence the states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases. It then explores specific types of IMFs, such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, dipole-induced dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The source delves into how IMFs play a role in the properties of different types of solids, including molecular, covalent network, metallic, and ionic solids. Additionally, the episode examines the influence of IMFs on liquid properties like surface tension, capillary action, boiling point, and vapor...2024-10-1215 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "E" is for ExerciseThis episode emphasizes the importance of actively using knowledge to strengthen memories and promote lifelong learning. It advocates for “exercising” one’s neurons through various methods, including applying newly learned concepts, embracing challenges, using "Muddy Cards" to focus on unclear areas, and writing "Minute Papers" to assess comprehension. It further encourages applying knowledge in real-world situations, particularly by engaging with the community, to make learning more meaningful and beneficial for society.2024-10-1205 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "S" is for SleepThe episode advocates for prioritizing sleep as a key factor in learning and overall well-being. It emphasizes the importance of sleep for memory consolidation, highlighting how the brain reactivates and stores important experiences during sleep. It outlines practical strategies for maximizing sleep quality, including minimizing exposure to artificial light, reducing caffeine intake in the afternoon, and scheduling study sessions to allow for sleep-filled recovery periods.2024-10-1205 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "P" is for PersonalizeThis episode focuses on the importance of personalizing learning by using an acronym called SYNAPSE. The "P" in SYNAPSE represents "personalize," which is a key strategy to make learning more engaging and effective. The episode suggests that by connecting learning to one's own life experiences, character strengths, and cultural background, students can boost their motivation, memory, and overall understanding. It also emphasizes the importance of reflecting on one's unique strengths and how these strengths can be leveraged to create more effective learning strategies.2024-10-1204 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "A" is for AssociateThis episode describes a learning strategy which encourages learners to connect new ideas to their existing knowledge base. The strategy involves creating concept maps, which are visual representations of relationships between concepts. By connecting new information to familiar concepts, learners can improve comprehension, memorization, and retention. It advocates for incorporating personal experiences, collaborating with peers, and using visual representations to enhance the learning process. The strategy emphasizes that this approach fosters a more dynamic and effective learning experience, promoting deeper understanding and more efficient knowledge acquisition.2024-10-1205 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "N" is for Narrate "N is for Narrate" introduces Narrate, a study strategy that helps students overcome the feeling of being overwhelmed by new material. The method encourages students to transform complex topics into narratives by exploring key concepts, identifying actors and their relationships, and pinpointing crucial turning points. The process encourages students to think critically and creatively by drawing parallels to storytelling elements such as narrative arcs, characters, climaxes, and resolutions. By leveraging the power of storytelling and personal schema, Narrate aims to facilitate deeper understanding, improve memorability, and foster a sense of community among learners.2024-10-1208 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "Y" is for YesThis is the second part in the series of SYNAPSE. It argues that learning is a skill that can be developed through practice, and it encourages students to adopt a "growth mindset," which involves believing that they can improve their learning abilities. The episode highlights the importance of saying "Yes!" to affirm this belief and provides several strategies for students to implement in order to enhance their learning, including reflecting on past learning experiences, visualizing success, and seeking feedback from mentors and teachers. It emphasizes the importance of deliberate practice and a positive mindset in achieving academic success. 2024-10-1212 minCHEMDUNNSYNAPSE: "S" is for SimplifyReduce the process to its core elements, managing attention, complexity, cognitive load, and stress.
SYNAPSE was created by Christine Marshall. Read more about her work here. 2024-10-1205 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Bonding, Lewis structures and Molecular geometryThis episode explores the different types of chemical bonds, including ionic, covalent, and metallic. It then goes on to explain the concepts of Lewis structures and VSEPR theory, which are used to predict the shapes of molecules and the bond angles between atoms. It also explores the concepts of polarity, bond energy, and formal charge, providing examples and guidelines for understanding these important chemical concepts.2024-10-1111 minCHEMDUNNLearn: Atomic Structure and PeriodicityThis episode dives into atomic structure and periodicity, focusing on how the arrangement of electrons within an atom impacts various chemical properties. It begins by introducing fundamental concepts like Coulomb's Law, electrostatic potential energy, and the photoelectric effect, explaining how these factors influence the behavior of electrons in atoms. Then we examine photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) as a method to measure ionization energies and deduce the shell structure of atoms. We further dive into electron configurations, connecting them to the patterns observed in PES data and illustrating how they correlate with the periodic table. Finally, episode explores the trends in...2024-10-1112 min