Shows
History of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 142 - Final Chat with Chike JeffersHow Africana philosophy looked to a young Chike Jeffers, coming into the field in the early 21st century.
2024-02-2551 min
Robinson's Podcast178 - Chike Jeffers & Lucius Outlaw: African & Africana PhilosophyChike Jeffers is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Dalhousie University, where he researches Africana philosophy, the philosophy of race, social and political philosophy, and ethics. Lucius Outlaw is Professor of Philosophy Emeritus and W. Alton Jones Chair Emeritus in the Philosophy Department at Vanderbilt University, where he researches African, Africana, continental, social, and political philosophy. Both Chike and Lou have written widely on African and Africana philosophy, which form the subject of this episode. More particularly, Robinson, Chike, and Lou discuss the origin of Africana philosophy in the diaspora, violence in Africana philosophy, and the role...2023-12-201h 36
The London Lecture SeriesCulture and Value in Du Bois’ The Gift of Black Folk with Chike JeffersIn his famous 1897 essay, “The Conservation of Races”, Du Bois advocated that African Americans hold on to their distinctiveness as members of the black race because this enables them to participate in a cosmopolitan process of cultural exchange in which different races collectively advance human civilization by means of different contributions. Philosophers like Kwame Anthony Appiah and Tommie Shelby have criticised the position that Du Bois expresses in that essay as a problematic form of racial essentialism. Chike Jeffers explores how Du Bois' 1924 book "The Gift of Black Folk" escapes or fails to escape that criticism. He argues that reco...2022-06-031h 28History of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 100 - Chike Jeffers on the Early Twentieth CenturyChike joins Peter to look back at our coverage of Africana philosophy in the first half of the 20th century.
2022-05-1549 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 67 - Chike Jeffers on Slavery and Diasporic PhilosophyCo-host Chike joins Peter to look back at series 2 and ahead to series 3.
2021-01-1050 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 58 - A Common Circle - Anténor FirminHaitian anthropologist Anténor Firmin debunks racist pseudo-science and argues that inequalities among humans are caused by social, not biological, factors.
2020-09-0623 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 57 - Race First, Then Party - T. Thomas FortuneT. Thomas Fortune uses newspaper editorials to put forth a theory of civil rights and set out a plan of political action for protecting them.
2020-07-1921 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 56 - African Personality - Edward BlydenEdward Blyden gains appreciation for Islam in West Africa and gradually moves from political nationalism to cultural nationalism.
2020-07-0526 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 55 - Planting the Seeds - James Africanus Beale HortonAfricanus Horton looks toward a future of self-government for West Africa beyond slavery and colonialism.
2020-06-2121 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 54 - Wilson Moses on the Roots of Black NationalismWilson Moses speaks to us about his research into early black notionalism, as represented by Crummell, Douglass, and others.
2020-06-0724 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 53 - Pilgrim’s Progress - Alexander CrummellAlexander Crummell moves from pan-Africanism to reform of African American culture, identifying progressive “civilization” as a means of liberation.
2020-05-2423 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 52 - Great White North - Emigration to CanadaMary Ann Shadd and Samuel Ringgold Ward reflect on what Canada can offer African Americans, differing on the problem of racism.
2020-05-1025 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 51 - I Read Men and Nations - Sojourner Truth and Frances HarperThe moral crusades of Sojourner Truth and Frances Harper, activists against racial and gender oppression.
2020-04-2625 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 50 - Nation Within a Nation - Martin DelanyHe is called a “father of black nationalism,” but Martin Delany also promoted integration in American society. Can the apparent tension be resolved?
2020-04-1223 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 49 - Let Your Motto Be Resistance - Henry Highland GarnetHenry Highland Garnet encourages, or actually demands, that enslaved Americans throw off their chains and debates Douglass over how best to resist slavery.
2020-03-2925 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 48 - Happy Holidays - Two Speeches by Frederick DouglassIn two speeches marking holidays, Frederick Douglass champions the idea of world citizenship, the power of appeals to conscience to bring change, and the role of violence.
2020-03-1523 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 47 - Written by Himself - the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass' journey from slave to leading figure of 19th century American thought.
2020-03-0123 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 46 - Melvin Rogers on 19th Century Political ThoughtMelvin Rogers joins us to discuss Hosea Walker, Maria Stewart, and Hosea Easton.
2020-02-1630 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 45 - Unnatural Causes - Hosea Easton’s TreatiseHosea Easton’s Treatise provides an overlooked but fascinating theory of race and racism.
2020-02-0231 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 44 - Religion and Pure Principles - Maria W. StewartMaria W. Stewart’s public addresses bring the concerns of African American women into the struggle against racial prejudice.
2020-01-1922 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 43 - Kill or Be Killed - David Walker’s AppealDavid Walker defends violent resistance and encourages self-improvement in his incendiary and influential Appeal.
2020-01-0525 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 42 - James Sidbury on African IdentityAn interview with James Sidbury about the emergence of a self-conscious African identity in the diaspora.
2019-12-2232 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 41 - Should I Stay or Should I Go? - The Colonization ControversyQuestions of political autonomy and group identity in the emigration movement led by Paul Cuffe, Daniel Coker, John Russwurm and others.
2019-12-0822 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 40 - American Africans - Early Black Institutions in the USBuilding black institutions in early American history, with Prince Hall and the Masons in Boston, and Richard Allen and the Methodists in Philadelphia.
2019-11-2421 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 39 - Doris Garraway on the Haitian RevolutionAn interview with Doris Garraway on the background, intellectual basis, and legacy of the Haitian Revolution.
2019-11-1032 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 38 - My Haitian Pen - Baron de VasteyThe Baron de Vastey unveils the horror of colonialism as a system and defends the monarchy of King Christophe in the tense early years of Haiti’s independence.
2019-10-2724 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 37 - Liberty, Equality, Humanity - The Haitian RevolutionIn an age of revolutions and revolutionary ideas, the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804 stands out as the most radical of them all.
2019-10-1322 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 36 - Sons of Africa - Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah EquianoQuobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano advance the goals of the abolitionist movement through a groundbreaking political treatise and an influential autobiography.
2019-09-2930 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 35 - Letters from the Heart - Ignatius Sancho and Benjamin BannekerIgnatius Sancho and Benjamin Banneker make their mark on the history of Africana thought through letters that reflect on the power of sentiment.
2019-09-1528 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 34 - New England Patriot - Lemuel HaynesPreacher and Revolutionary War soldier Lemuel Haynes argues that the principles of the American Revolution demand the abolition of slavery.
2019-09-0126 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 33 - Young, Gifted, and Black - Phillis WheatleyPhillis Wheatley astonishes colonial Americans with her exquisite and precocious poetry and reflects on the liberating power of the imagination.
2019-07-2122 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 32 - Talking Book - Early Africana Writing in English18th century black authors touch on philosophical themes in autobiographical narratives, poetry, and other literary genres.
2019-07-0725 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 31 - Justin Smith on Amo and Race in Early Modern PhilosophyJustin E.H. Smith joins us to discuss Anton Wilhelm Amo against the background of ideas about race in early modern philosophy, including Leibniz.
2019-06-2340 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 30 - Dualist Personality - Anton Wilhelm AmoAnton Wilhelm Amo, brought to Germany from his native Ghana, defends a rigorous dualism of mind and body. Was this philosophy connected to his African origins?
2019-06-0926 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 29 - Out of Africa - Slavery and the DiasporaAn introduction to Africana philosophical thought as it emerged from the modern experience of slavery and colonization by Europeans.
2019-05-2628 min
History of Indian and Africana PhilosophyHAP 28 - Chike Jeffers on Precolonial African PhilosophyCo-host Chike Jeffers and Peter chat about the themes and questions raised by the podcast so far.2019-05-1244 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 28 - Chike Jeffers on Precolonial African PhilosophyCo-host Chike Jeffers and Peter chat about the themes and questions raised by the podcast so far.
2019-05-1244 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 27 - Beyond the Reaction - The Continuing Relevance of Precolonial TraditionsAs the twentieth century draws to a close, the critique of ethnophilosophy gives way to approaches that continue to privilege the study of precolonial traditions.
2019-04-2826 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 26 - Kai Kresse on the Anthropology of PhilosophyAn interview with Kai Kresse who discusses his efforts to do "anthropology of philosophy" on the Swahili Coast.
2019-04-1431 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 25 - Wise Guys - Sage PhilosophyHenry Odera Oruka’s new method for exploring philosophy in Africa, based on interviews with wise individuals.
2019-03-3120 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 24 - Professionally Speaking - The Reaction Against EthnophilosophyPaulin Hountondji and other African philosophers criticize ethnophilosophy and advocate a universalist approach.
2019-03-1727 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 23 - Nkiru Nzegwu on Gender in African TraditionAn interview with Nkiru Nzegwu on matriarchy and gender fluidity in Africa.
2019-03-0338 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 22 - Women Have no Tribe - Gender in African TraditionWhat archeology and ethnography tell us about the diverse and often ambiguous roles of men and women in traditional African societies.
2019-02-1724 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 21 - The Doctor Will See You Now - Divination, Witchcraft, and KnowledgeSpecial forms of knowledge and the explanation of misfortunes in African tradition.
2019-02-0321 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 20 - I Am Because We Are - Communalism in African Ethics and PoliticsEmphasis on the value of community as a major theme in African philosophy.
2019-01-2022 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 19 - Behind the Mask - African Philosophy of the PersonTraditional African ideas about personhood, which challenge assumptions about the relation between mind and body, self and other.
2019-01-0618 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 18 - One to Rule Them All - God in African PhilosophyIs traditional African religion in some sense monotheist, despite the worship of many divinities?
2018-12-2320 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 17 - Event Horizon - African Philosophy of TimeJohn Mbiti’s influential and controversial claim that traditional Africans experience time as having “a long past, a present, and virtually no future.”
2018-12-0920 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 16 - Samuel Imbo on Okot p'Bitek and Oral TraditionsA conversation with Sam Imbo on approaching oral traditions as philosophy and the Ugandan thinker and poet Okot p'Bitek.
2018-11-2536 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 15 - Heard it Through the Grapevine - Oral Philosophy in AfricaAn introduction to the “ethnophilosophy” approach inaugurated by Placide Tempels, its promises and potential pitfalls.
2018-11-1121 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 14 - Souleymane Bachir Diagne on Islam in AfricaPeter speaks to Souleymane Bachir Diagne about Islamic scholars in West Africa.
2018-10-2829 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 13 - Renewing the Faith - the Sokoto CaliphateUthman Dan Fodio and his family were scholars, poets, and warriors whose jihad in 19th century Nigeria created the Sokoto Caliphate.
2018-10-1421 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 12 - From Here to Timbuktu - Subsaharan Islamic PhilosophyThe spread of Islamic scholarship in subsaharan Africa, focusing on intellectuals of the Songhay empire around the Niger River in the 15th-17th centuries.
2018-09-3020 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 11 - Teodros Kiros on Ethiopian PhilosophyTeodros Kiros discusses the history of Ethiopian thought and how it has influenced his own work in political philosophy.
2018-09-1639 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 10 - Think for Yourself - Walda HeywatWalda Heywat’s reaction to the thought of his teacher Zera Yacob, and the dispute over the authenticity of these two Ethiopian philosophers.
2018-09-0221 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 09 - In You I Take Shelter - Zera YacobThe 17th century Ethiopian rationalist Zera Yacob, hailed as the first modern Africana philosopher.
2018-07-2221 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 08 - Solomon, Socrates, and Other Sages - Early Ethiopian PhilosophyPhilosophy in Ethiopia, with translations of religious and philosophical texts into Ge’ez and a national epic called the Kebra Nagast.
2018-07-0827 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 07 - Richard Parkinson on Egyptian PoetryEgyptioogist Richard Parkinson joins us to talk about the context and meaning of the Eloquent Peasant and other literary works of ancient Egypt.
2018-06-2432 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 06 - Heated Exchanges - Philosophy in Egyptian Narratives and DialoguesDemands for ma’at (justice or truth) and a confrontation with the soul, in the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant and Dispute Between a Man and his Ba.
2018-06-1023 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 05 - Father Knows Best - Moral and Political Philosophy in the InstructionsEthical reflection in ancient Egyptian grave inscriptions and in works of instruction, such as the Maxims of Ptahhotep and the Instructions named for Amenemope, Ani, and Merikare.
2018-05-2721 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 04 - Pyramid Schemes - Philosophy in Ancient EgyptAncient Egyptian figures and writings including the Pyramid Texts, Imhotep, and the "first monotheist" Akhenaten reflect on the nature of things and questions of morality.
2018-05-1319 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 03 - Fertile Ground - Philosophy in Ancient MesopotamiaDo the cuneiform writings of Babylonian culture show that it had its own philosophy?
2018-04-2920 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 02 - It’s Only Human - Philosophy in Prehistoric AfricaMight philosophy be as old as humankind as we know it? We investigate the implications of findings concerning the origins of humankind in Africa.
2018-04-1519 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHAP 01 - Something Old, Something New - Introducing Africana PhilosophyChike Jeffers and Peter Adamson kick off the new series by explaining the scope and meaning of "Africana philosophy".
2018-04-0121 min
History of Indian and Africana PhilosophyHAP 01 - Something Old, Something New - Introducing Africana PhilosophyChike Jeffers and Peter Adamson kick off the new series by explaining the scope and meaning of "Africana philosophy".2018-04-0121 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 62 - Kit Patrick on Philosophy and Indian HistoryThe host of the History of India podcast joins us for the final episode on India. Coming next: Africana philosophy!
2018-03-1836 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 61 - What Happened Next - Indian Philosophy After DignagaA whirlwind tour of developments in Indian philosophy after Dignāga and a few words about the contemporary relevance of the tradition.
2018-03-0423 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 60 - The Buddha and I - Indian Influence on Islamic and European ThoughtThe impact of ancient Indian thought upon the Muslim scholar al-Bīrūnī and upon European thinkers like Hume, Hegel, and Schopenhauer.
2018-02-1821 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 59 - Looking East - Indian Influence on Greek ThoughtDid Indian ideas play a role in shaping ancient Greek philosophy?
2018-02-0422 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 58 - Amber Carpenter on Animals in Indian PhilosophyAn interview with Amber Carpenter about the status of nonhuman animals in ancient Indian philosophy and literature.
2018-01-2126 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 57 - Learn by Doing - TantraPhilosophy is put into practice in Kashmir Śaivite Tantra and Buddhist Tantra.
2018-01-0720 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 56 - Who’s Pulling Your Strings? - BuddhaghosaBuddhaghosa, a major figure in the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, argues against the need for a self to control and coordinate mental activities.
2017-12-2419 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 55 - Doors of Perception - Dignaga on ConsciousnessDignāga argues that all perception is accompanied by self-awareness.
2017-12-1018 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 54 - Graham Priest on Logic and BuddhismGraham Priest joins Peter to discuss non-classical logic and its connections with Buddhist patterns of reasoning.
2017-11-2646 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 53 - Follow the Evidence - Dignaga's LogicDignāga’s trairūpya theory, which sets out the three conditions required for making reliable inferences.
2017-11-1223 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 52 - Under Construction - Dignaga on Perception and LanguageThe great Buddhist thinker Dignāga argues that general concepts and language are mere constructions superimposed on perception.
2017-10-2923 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 51 - Change of Mind - Vasubandhu and Yogacara BuddhismVasubandhu’s path to Yogācāra Buddhism, a form of idealism which holds that nothing can be mind-independent.
2017-10-1521 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 50 - Marie-Hélène Gorisse on Jain EpistemologyWe're joined by Marie-Hélène Gorisse for a look at the Jain theory of knowledge.
2017-10-0132 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 49 - Well Qualified - the Jains on TruthDoes the Jain theory of seven predications (saptabhaṇgī) land them in self-contradiction, or help them to avoid it?
2017-09-1718 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 48 - Taking Perspective - the Jain Theory of StandpointsThe Jain theory of standpoints or non-onesidedness (anekāntavāda) makes truth a matter of perspective.
2017-08-0620 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 47 - Jan Westerhoff on NagarjunaA discussion with Jan Westerhoff, an expert on the great Buddhist thinker Nāgārjuna.
2017-07-2336 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 46 - No Four Ways About It - Nagarjuna’s TetralemmaNāgārjuna’s four-fold argument scheme, the tetralemma (catuṣkoṭi).
2017-07-0920 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 45 - Motion Denied - Nagarjuna on ChangeNāgārjuna applies his emptiness theory to motion, change, and cognition.
2017-06-2523 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 44 - It All Depends - Nagarjuna on EmptinessNāgārjuna founds the Madhyāmaka (“middle way”) Buddhist tradition by “relinquishing all views” and arguing that everything is “empty.”
2017-06-1121 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 43 - We Beg to Differ - the Buddhists and JainsAn introduction to philosophical developments in Buddhism and Jainism up to the time of Dignāga in the sixth century AD.
2017-05-2820 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 42 - In Good Taste - The Aesthetics of RasaBharata’s Nāṭya-Śāstra and later works from Kashmir explore the idea of rasa, an emotional response to drama, music, and poetry.
2017-05-1420 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 41 - Monima Chadha on Indian Philosophy of MindMonima Chadha takes Peter through Buddhist-Hindu debates over mind and self.
2017-04-3029 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 40 - Mind out of Matter - Materialist Theories of the SelfPāyasi and the Cārvāka anticipate modern-day theories of mind by arguing that there is no independent soul; rather thought emerges from the body.
2017-04-1619 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 39 - The Wolf’s Footprint - Indian NaturalismThe Cārvāka or Lokāyata tradition rejects the efficacy of ritual and belief in the afterlife, and restricts knowledge to the realm of sense-perception.
2017-04-0219 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 38 - A Day in the Life - Theories of TimeAncient Indian cosmology and the Vaiśeṣika defense of the reality of time and space.
2017-03-1921 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 37 - The Whole Story - Vaisesika on Complexity and CausationThe Vaiśeṣika response to Buddhist skepticism about wholes made up of parts.
2017-03-0522 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 36 - Fine Grained Analysis - Kanada's Vaisesika-SutraThe Vaiśeṣika school offers a metaphysical analysis of the world and an atomistic physics.
2017-02-1919 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 35 - Ujjwala Jha and V.N. Jha on NyayaProf Jha and Prof Jha discuss the theories and later influence of the Nyāya school.
2017-02-0540 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 34 - The Truth Shall Set You Free - Nyaya on the MindNyāya proposes that each of us has both a self and a mind, in addition to the body.
2017-01-2221 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 33 - Standard Deductions - Nyaya on ReasoningGautama and his commentators tell us how to separate good inferences from bad ones.
2017-01-0819 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 32 - What You See Is What You Get - Nyaya on PerceptionNyāya philosophers explain how perception can bring us knowledge.
2016-12-2521 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 31 - Where There’s Smoke There’s Fire - Gautama’s Nyaya-SutraThe Nyāya-Sūtra inaugurates a tradition of logical and epistemological analysis.
2016-12-1121 minHistory of Philosophy: India, Africana, ChinaHPI 30 - Philipp Maas on YogaA leading expert on the founding text of Yoga tells us why, when, and by whom it was written.
2016-11-2729 min
The UnMute PodcastEpisode 012: Chike Jeffers on W.E.B. DuboisMyisha Cherry chats with philosopher Chike Jeffers about double consciousness, Dubois' predictions, Black art, Dubois and Booker T. Debate, race, and more.2015-12-2925 minThe UnMute PodcastEpisode 011: Chike Jeffers on Black ThoughtMyisha Cherry chats with philosopher Chike Jeffers about africana philosophy, Ethiopian political philosophy, black life and black solidarity in Canada, and why we need black Canadian philosophy.2015-12-2837 min