Shows
ThroughlineThe Anti-Vaccine MovementThe alleged link between vaccines and autism is back in the news this week, being regularly speculated on by both President Trump and Health and Human Services secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. The claim has been repeatedly disproven: there is no evidence that vaccines and autism are related. But the myth is powerful. In this episode: the roots of the modern anti-vaccine movement, and of the fears that still fuel it – from a botched polio vaccine, to the discredited autism study, to today. This episode originally published in February 2025. Guests:Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Educ...
2025-09-2549 min
Perspectives on ScienceConversation with Elena Conis – Author of How to Sell a Poison, 2024 Welch Award RecipientHistorians of medicine often express the desire for their work to reach broader audiences; however, popular platforms—be they television, radio, podcasts, corporate or social media—can reach many but touch few. History of Medicine Week is dedicated to exploring the risks, benefits, experiences, and best practices for historians of medicine to make meaningful connections beyond familiar scholarly communities.
This episode:
Elena Conis
University of California, Berkeley
For more information on this and other topics, please see https://www.chstm.org/video/200
2024-12-0951 min
Reader's Corner"How To Sell A Poison" By Elena ConisAn interview with Elena Conis, author of How to Sell a Poison. The book tells the tangled story of DDT, a corporate-backed poison that decimated wildlife and left behind toxic bodies.
2024-05-1132 min
IncubationHPV: Unpacking PapillomaWhat can the mythical jackalope teach us about HPV? Author Michael Branch tells the story of how scientists first discovered horned rabbits, and how their findings paved the way for the study of all different kinds of papilloma viruses. Then, Elena Conis joins the shows to discuss the rollout of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in the US and Americans’ complicated relationship with vaccine mandates.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
2023-10-1227 min
Matrix PodcastMatrix on Point: Myths and MisinformationMisinformation and conspiracy theories have become a central feature of modern life, but they have a long history that have served to justify surveillance and prosecution of marginalized groups. In this Matrix on Point panel, recorded on March 15, 2023, a group of scholars who study these histories discussed how misinformation circulates, and the effects of such myths and stories on society. The panel featured Timothy R. Tangherlini, Professor in the Scandinavian Department and Director of the Graduate Program in Folklore at UC Berkeley; Robert Braun, Assistant Professor of Sociology at UC Berkeley; and Poulomi Saha, Associate Professor of...
2023-04-151h 18
noliesradioAgainst the Grain 2023-0317he fortunes of DDT, the synthetic pesticide which infamously devastated bird populations in the United States, rose and fell during the 20th century, and rose again in the 21st century, driven by a campaign by Big Tobacco to sew uncertainty about what can be known. Historian of medicine Elena Conis discusses the trajectory and afterlife of DDT, used to cast doubt on scientific evidence and undermine the regulation of private corporations and markets.
2023-03-1753 min
Causes or CuresVaccine Nation: How America Falls In & Out of Love with Vaccines, with Dr. Elena ConisSend us a textIn this episode of Causes or Cures, Dr. Eeks sits down with medical historian Dr. Elena Conis, author of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization. Together they trace how U.S. attitudes toward vaccines (especially from the 1960s onward) have swerved with culture wars, political shifts, scientific discoveries, and biotech breakthroughs. From polio pride to modern pushback, they unpack why public trust rises and falls, how mandates gain or lose traction, and what sparks waves of skepticism.What we coverOrigin story: Why Dr. Conis wrote Va...
2023-01-291h 04
Infectious HistoriansEpisode 102 - DDT with Elena ConisElena Conis joins the Infectious Historians to discuss her recent book on the history of DDT and its use. The conversation begins with a brief overview of the early history of DDT up to and around its entry into mass production in the 1940s and 1950s. In parallel to the discussion of the commercial and industrial aspects of its use, Elena points out some of the cultural reasons why DDT was so popular. The next part of the conversation examines the changing attitude to DDT and its eventual decline, centered around Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) although earlier voices ha...
2023-01-281h 10noliesradioAgainst the Grain 2023-0113The fortunes of DDT, the synthetic pesticide which infamously devastated bird populations in the United States, rose and fell during the 20th century, and rose again in the 21st century, driven by a campaign by Big Tobacco to sew uncertainty about what can be known. Historian of medicine Elena Conis discusses the trajectory and afterlife of DDT, used to cast doubt on scientific evidence and undermine the regulation of private corporations and markets.
2023-01-1253 min
Demos Helsinki PodcastHow anti-science disinformation spreads poison Podcast: The Vermont Conversation with David Goodman (LS 30 · TOP 5% what is this?)Episode: How anti-science disinformation spreads poisonPub date: 2022-09-28Get Podcast Transcript →powered by Listen411 - fast audio-to-text and summarizationSixty years ago this week, author Rachel Carson published the landmark book, "Silent Spring." Carson argued that pesticides, especially DDT, were poisoning people and the environment. and that the chemical industry was spreading disinformation in order to profit from this disaster. "Silent Spring" inspired the modern environmental movement and led to the banning of DDT in 1972.T...
2022-10-1654 min
The Vermont Conversation with David GoodmanHow anti-science disinformation spreads poisonSixty years ago this week, author Rachel Carson published the landmark book, "Silent Spring." Carson argued that pesticides, especially DDT, were poisoning people and the environment. and that the chemical industry was spreading disinformation in order to profit from this disaster. "Silent Spring" inspired the modern environmental movement and led to the banning of DDT in 1972.Today, DDT is back, thanks in part to a new era of industry disinformation.Elena Conis argues the current science denialism movement — led by anti-vaxxers, climate deniers and Covid-19 skeptics — has its roots in efforts by industry and right-wing thin...
2022-09-2854 min
The Curiosity Hour PodcastEpisode 219 - Elena Conis, PhD (The Curiosity Hour Podcast by Tommy Estlund and Dan Sterenchuk)Episode 219 - Elena Conis, PhD, MS, MJ
Dan Sterenchuk and Tommy Estlund are honored to have as our guest, Elena Conis, PhD, MS, MJ.
She’s a historian of U.S. public health and medicine, with a special focus on the history of infectious diseases, environmental health, vaccines, pesticides, scientific controversies, and the public's understanding of health and health science.
Her research has been supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Library of Medicine, the Science History Institute, UCLA's Charles Donald O'Malley Research Fellowship, and Emory University, where she was formerly the Mellon Foundation Faculty Fellow in He...
2022-09-1552 min
15 Minute MatrixMapping DDT with Dr. Elena Conis #339Medical historian Dr. Elena Conis joins me on the podcast to discuss the fascinating history of the chemical DDT and its devastating effects on our environment and our health. She dives into the challenges that can occur when we “pollute now and understand and regulate later.” Click here to learn more about Dr. Conis’s book […]
The post Mapping DDT with Dr. Elena Conis #339 appeared first on Functional Nutrition Alliance.
2022-08-2525 min
Podcast Archives - The DigBritain After Empire w/ Kojo KoramFeaturing Kojo Koram on his brilliant book Uncommon Wealth: Britain and the Aftermath of Empire. How neoliberalism reorganized colonial capitalist plunder to survive the Third Worldist challenge, and then boomeranged back into the British metropole—a history obscured by rendering “decolonization” into a symbolic culture war battle.
Check out How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT by Elena Conis hachettebookgroup.com/titles/elena-conis/how-to-sell-a-poison/9781645036753/
Support The Dig at Patreon.com/TheDig
2022-08-121h 54The DigBritain After Empire w/ Kojo KoramFeaturing Kojo Koram on his brilliant book Uncommon Wealth: Britain and the Aftermath of Empire. How neoliberalism reorganized colonial capitalist plunder to survive the Third Worldist challenge, and then boomeranged back into the British metropole—a history obscured by rendering “decolonization” into a symbolic culture war battle.
Check out How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT by Elena Conis hachettebookgroup.com/titles/elena-conis/how-to-sell-a-poison/9781645036753/
Support The Dig at Patreon.com/TheDig
2022-08-121h 54
Jacobin RadioDig: Britain After Empire w/ Kojo KoramFeaturing Kojo Koram on his brilliant book Uncommon Wealth: Britain and the Aftermath of Empire. How neoliberalism reorganized colonial capitalist plunder to survive the Third Worldist challenge, and then boomeranged back into the British metropole—a history obscured by rendering “decolonization” into a symbolic culture war battle. Check out How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT by Elena Conis hachettebookgroup.com/titles/elena-conis/how-to-sell-a-poison/9781645036753/Support The Dig at Patreon.com/TheDig Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more in...
2022-08-121h 54
New Books in Biology and EvolutionElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1345 min
New Books in Environmental StudiesElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1348 min
New Books in FoodElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1345 min
New Books in Physics and ChemistryElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1345 min
New Books in MedicineElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1348 min
New Books In Public HealthElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1347 min
New Books in TechnologyElena Conis, "How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT" (Bold Type Books, 2022)The story of DDT as you’ve never heard it before: a fresh look at the much-maligned chemical compound as a cautionary tale of how powerful corporations have stoked the flames of science denialism for their own benefit In the 1940s, DDT helped the Allies win the Second World War by wiping out the insects that caused malaria, with seemingly no ill effects on humans. After the war, it was sprayed willy-nilly across fields, in dairy barns, and even in people's homes. Thirty years later the U.S. would ban the use of DDT—only to reverse the ban in t...
2022-07-1347 min
Public Anthropologist PodcastScience and economy of selling pesticidesIn the 5th episode of PUAN podcast, co-host Saumya Pandey interviews Historian Elena Conis on how risky pesticides were culturally accepted and what kind of role did science play in its acceptance. Professor Conis explains how scientific research during war and epidemic prioritized some type of scientific questions over others, and how this approach built an economy that was geared towards selling poisonous pesticides and making them socially desirable.
2022-07-0838 min
Science History PodcastDDT: Elena ConisMany landmarks of environmental history share a connection with a single molecule: DDT. During and after the Second World War, it was broadcast into the environment at a scale that far surpassed the applications of any prior chemical. The public met this mass spraying of DDT with enthusiasm, as the war proved it to be highly effective against the vectors of malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and other insect-borne diseases. But these public health successes were short-lived as insects quickly evolved resistance. Nevertheless, DDT use skyrocketed around the world, especially in agriculture. It was also used on a massive scale...
2022-07-071h 56
Science History PodcastEpisode 55. DDT: Elena ConisMany landmarks of environmental history share a connection with a single molecule: DDT. During and after the Second World War, it was broadcast into the environment at a scale that far surpassed the applications of any prior chemical. The public met this mass spraying of DDT with enthusiasm, as the war proved it to be highly effective against the vectors of malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and other insect-borne diseases. But these public health successes were short-lived as insects quickly evolved resistance. Nevertheless, DDT use skyrocketed around the world, especially in agriculture. It was also used on a massive scale in...
2022-07-071h 57
The Politics of EverythingSo Long, DDT. See You Around Soon.In the 1940s, the pesticide DDT exploded in popularity. Ignoring warnings that it might poison the environment and endanger human health, corporations and governments sprayed the chemical for decades—until countries finally began outlawing its use, for precisely those reasons. On episode 47 of The Politics of Everything, hosts Laura Marsh and Alex Pareene talk with Elena Conis, the author of How to Sell a Poison: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT. They explore how corporations dismissed the dangers of DDT to protect profits, how pioneering environmentalists like Rachel Carson fought back, and why harmful chemicals may cause proble...
2022-05-0431 min
Town Hall Seattle Science Series179. Elena Conis with Sally James: The Rise, Fall, and Toxic Return of DDT In the 1940s, the insecticide DDT was widely used to combat insect-borne human diseases like malaria and control insects in agricultural applications, gardens, and inside homes. In the 1950s, it became evident that the pesticide was causing extensive health and environmental damage. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring alerted the public to the long-lasting dangers of pesticide use. And in 1972, the United States EPA issued an order for DDT's cancellation due to adverse environmental effects and human health risks; in the years that followed, dozens of other countries followed suit. The process took decades, and continues to evolve as...
2022-04-271h 07
For RealNonfiction Adapted for Young ReadersThis week Alice and Kim talk about nonfiction adapted for young readers.Follow For Real using RSS, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or Stitcher.For more nonfiction recommendations, sign up for our True Story newsletter, edited by Alice Burton.Follow UpThe Christie Affair by Nina de GramontThe Lazy Genius Way by Kendra AdachiNew Nonfiction Sisters of Mokama: The Pioneering Women Who Brought Hope and Healing to India by Jyoti ThottamSlaves for Peanuts : A Story of Co...
2022-04-1245 min
Indulge In Your Day With A Ground-Breaking Full Audiobook.How to Sell a Poison by Elena ConisPlease visithttps://thebookvoice.com/podcasts/2/audible/167310to listen full audiobooks.
Title: How to Sell a Poison
Author: Elena Conis
Narrator: Casey Turner
Format: mp3
Length: 12 hrs and 18 mins
Release date: 04-12-22
Ratings: 4.5 out of 5 stars, 13 ratings
Genres: Media Studies
Publisher's Summary:
2022-04-1212h 18Perspectives on ScienceReplay — Trust in Science: VaccinesIn light of the COVID-19 epidemic and the sometimes fierce opposition to vaccination, join us as we re-examine our presentation from January 2019 on contemporary vaccine skepticism in America and its historical roots.
What does the data show about present-day attitudes towards vaccination? How do these attitudes relate to changing social, political, and economic conditions? How are these issues mediated by the relationship between doctor and patient? Three experts—Jeffrey Baker, Elena Conis, and Erica Kimmerling—lead our discussion and share how their research tries to answer these complex questions.
"Trust in Science: Vaccines" is the first event in a series insp...
2022-02-241h 28
Butter Pecan PodcastJust Gravy 5: Polio, Pepperoni, and Pizza RatReady to listen to the goofiest re-telling of the history of polio and talk about pizza? How do those things even belong together? Listen to this bonus episode of a sleepy Darryl and a tired Kelly try to make sense of the racist science and policies that went along with the U.S. polio epidemic. We also talk about the delicious pizza Darryl made with bacon and pepperoni from Red Hog. Special guests include Spinelli the dog, and a mouse stalking Darryl's kitchen.
Sources:
African-Americans, Polio and Racial Segregation By Daniel J. Wilson, PhD
Race and the Politics of Polio...
2021-03-3153 min
EPIDEMIC with Dr. Celine GounderS1E65 / Vaccines and Motherly Love / Heather Simpson, Elena Conis, Rebecca Onion, Jonathan Berman"We easily have never had as high a level of vaccination acceptance as we have now but we've asked a lot more of the public. The resistance that we see today is a response, in part, to that compounded request over time." - Elena ConisThe vast majority of Americans accept vaccines but concerns about the effect vaccines could theoretically have on kids have been some of the oldest and most resilient drivers of vaccine mistrust. At this recording, the COVID vaccines authorized for emergency use have not yet been approved for children but if the United S...
2021-03-1125 min
COVIDCallsEP #209 - 01.26.2021 - Historian Roundtable on COVID-19Today is a COVIDCalls historians’ roundtable with Sandra Eder, Cindy Ermus, and Tiago Saraiva.
Sandra Eder is an assistant professor in the history department at the University of California, Berkeley, where she teaches U.S. gender history and the history of medicine. Her research focuses on gender, sexuality, and race in medicine and science, clinical practices and patient records, and the science of happiness. She has a book forthcoming on the emergence of the sex/gender binary in mid-twentieth-century American medicine. She is co-editor (with Elena Conis and Aimee Medeiros) of “Pink and Blue: Gender, Culture, and the...
2021-01-271h 17
Q&AElena Conis, Author of "Vaccine Nation"University of California at Berkeley historian of medicine Elena Conis talks about the development of the polio vaccine in the 1950s. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
2021-01-251h 00
Q&AElena Conis, "Vaccine Nation"University of California at Berkeley historian of medicine Elena Conis talks about the development of the polio vaccine in the 1950s. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
2020-06-2958 minPerspectives on ScienceElena Conis on COVID-19Elena Conis examines how we use history, especially of the polio epidemics, when we discuss the COVID-19 pandemic.
Find this podcast and more in the Consortium's series on COVID-19 at:
https://www.chstm.org/video/74
2020-06-0414 min
The History Factory PodcastEp. 13: The History of U.S. PandemicsWe're back with a special pandemic edition of History Factory Plugged In. From serious talks about the economy to whimsical histories of toilet paper, this episode has it all.
Host Jason Dressel welcomes U.C. Berkeley professor, author and historian of medicine and public health Dr. Elena Conis to talk about past pandemics in the United States and the country's response; and History Factory founder and CEO, Bruce Weindruch, to muse on how this response compares to past crises.
Company history comes alive with History Factory Plugged In. We look at the rich heritage of major organizations in this thought-provoking...
2020-03-251h 02
Science FridaySciFri Extra: Science Diction On The Word 'Vaccine'For centuries, smallpox seemed unbeatable. People had tried nearly everything to knock it out—from herbal remedies to tossing back 12 bottles of beer a day (yep, that was a real recommendation from a 17th century doctor), to intentionally infecting themselves with smallpox and hoping they didn’t get sick, all to no avail.
And then, in the 18th century, an English doctor heard a rumor about a possible solution. It wasn’t a cure, but if it worked, it would stop smallpox before it started. So one spring day, with the help of a milkmaid, an eight-year-old boy, a...
2020-03-1712 min
Science DictionVaccineFor centuries, smallpox seemed unbeatable. People had tried nearly everything to knock it out—from herbal remedies to tossing back 12 bottles of beer a day (yep, that was a real recommendation from a 17th century doctor), to intentionally infecting themselves with smallpox and hoping they didn’t get sick, all to no avail.
And then, in the 18th century, an English doctor heard a rumor about a possible solution. It wasn’t a cure, but if it worked, it would stop smallpox before it started. So one spring day, with the help of a milkmaid, an eight-year-old boy, a...
2020-03-1012 min
KALW News San Francisco, 91.7The vaccination debate has always been heated. Does that help or hurt the issue?Professor of Journalism Elena Conis wrote a book on the history of vaccines. She says, since we’ve had vaccinations in this country, we’ve had opposition to them.
2019-05-0709 min
Science VsThe Rise of Anti-VaxxersLast week we explored the science behind vaccine safety. This week we try to understand where these fears came from, and why they persist. We speak to three historians: Prof. Nadja Durbach, Prof. Elena Conis, and Prof. Robert Johnston. And a concerned mom named Noelle.Check out our full transcript here: http://bit.ly/355DlZzOur Sponsors: Cotton Inc + Madewell | Spotify | Sundance Now's Riviera | Wordpress.comCredits:This episode has been produced by Heather Rogers, Wendy Zukerman, and Shruti Ravindran. Production help from Rose Rimler. Our senior producer is Kaitlyn Sawrey...
2017-09-2135 min
Distillations | Science History InstituteDDT: The Britney Spears of ChemicalsAmericans have had a long, complicated relationship with the pesticide DDT, or dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, if you want to get fancy. First we loved it, then we hated it, then we realized it might not be as bad as we thought. But we’ll never restore it to its former glory. And couldn’t you say the same about America’s once-favorite pop star?
We had a hunch that the usual narrative about DDT’s rise and fall left a few things out, so we talked to historian and CHF fellow Elena Conis. She has been discovering little-known pieces of this...
2016-02-0215 min
The University of Chicago Press PodcastElena Conis, “Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization” (University of Chicago, 2014)The 1960s marked a “new era of vaccination,” when Americans eagerly exposed their arms and hind ends for shots that would prevent a range of everyday illnesses–not only prevent the lurking killers, like polio. Medical historian Elena Conis shows that Americans’ gradual acceptance of vaccination was far from a medical fait accompli: it was–and remains–a political accomplishment that has stemmed from a patchwork of efforts to expose children, in particular, to compulsory vaccine programs. Grown in the culture of postwar American politics, vaccines deliver more than prophylactics. They succor a set of assumptions about economic inequality, racial diffe...
2015-02-0246 minNew Books In Public HealthElena Conis, “Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization” (University of Chicago, 2014)The 1960s marked a “new era of vaccination,” when Americans eagerly exposed their arms and hind ends for shots that would prevent a range of everyday illnesses–not only prevent the lurking killers, like polio. Medical historian Elena Conis shows that Americans’ gradual acceptance of vaccination was far from a medical fait accompli: it was–and remains–a political accomplishment that has stemmed from a patchwork of efforts to expose children, in particular, to compulsory vaccine programs. Grown in the culture of postwar American politics, vaccines deliver more than prophylactics. They succor a set of assumptions about economic inequality, racial diffe...
2015-02-0246 min