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硅谷101E217｜机器人开可乐发扑克有多难？聊聊灵巧手的硬件与算法
2026年，人形机器人将迎来规模化量产的元年。最清晰的信号来自特斯拉，“金色擎天柱”Optimus Gen 3预计在2026年第一季度亮相，并计划在年底前建成产能高达100万台的生产线。马斯克曾多次表示，特斯拉未来约80%的价值来自这里，而非汽车。而“擎天柱”的攻关关键，正在于它的“手与前臂”。
本期是我们机器人特辑之灵巧手，我们邀请了灵巧手模型算法方面和硬件方面的两位专家，一起聊聊灵巧手不同技术路线的特点，以及它在数据和算法上面临的挑战。
嘉宾们认为，对灵巧手头部公司来说，短期内针对单项任务打造成功一个的Demo并不难，真正的突破在于通用性与可扩展性。当算法能让机器人在短时间内学会开可乐、开门、拧螺丝等多样化的灵巧操作，才意味着灵巧手到达了类似ChatGPT的泛化突破阶段。
【主播】
泓君，硅谷101创始人，播客主理人
【嘉宾】
齐浩之，亚马逊&前Meta机器人研究科学家，芝加哥大学助理教授
陶一伟，TetherIA 创始人兼CEO，前Tesla Optimus高级机器人机械工程师
【本期口播由腾讯广告算法大赛赞助播出】
我们播客7月份做过腾讯广告算法大赛的招募，这场比赛在11月27日刚收尾，吸引了全球8400名技术人才、2800多支队伍参加。在这次比赛中，年轻人在用各种新方法解决多模态痛点：比如冠军团队用行为条件化建模，让算法更能“感觉”用户需求；有人去验证scaling law在生成式广告推荐模型里是否适用；也有人在数据安全前提下把性能继续往上推。可以说这个比赛是把全球顶尖技术人才聚集到一起，也反过来在推动广告算法的进步与系统性能，在AI时代，这类比赛可以让自己的能力被看见、也是让企业找到顶尖人才的最佳场景。
【你将听到】
Demo背后的虚与实
02:37 评估灵巧手能力的关键：精细运动、泛化能力与可靠性
05:58 “开可乐”Demo背后：演示效果与实际能力的差距
08:23 硬件厂商追求单项突破，算法团队更重泛化能力
15:32 灵巧手面临的瓶颈和独有的技术挑战是什么？
三大技术路线
19:26 连杆驱动：常见6自由度，也有高自由度方案（ILDA）
21:26 直驱方案：关节与电机一一对应，灵活度高（Sharpa）
24:59 绳驱方案：双向拉绳（Shadow Hand、ORCA）与单向拉绳（Tesla）
29:57 仿真研究为何更偏爱直驱方案？
33:13 天价灵巧手：不为盈利，只为筛选顶尖客户
36:21 Evan亲述：在特斯拉研发Optimus灵巧手的经历
40:33 从解剖学到外科观摩：马斯克坚持的仿生路线启发了“电机前臂迁移”
42:52 绳驱vs直驱：装配难度与量产前景对比
算法、数据、触觉
44:32 揭秘Meta机器人项目
48:25 受GPT与特斯拉FSD启发，机器人研究重心已转变
50:08 灵巧手数据采集为何难上加难？
52:01 机器人顶尖团队盘点：学术派与产品派
53:33 触觉如何提升灵巧手的操作能力？
58:11 灵巧手数据金字塔：遥操、仿真、视频
01:01:27 Genie3视频模型能用于训练机器人吗？
01:03:17 在伯克利做机器人研究是种什么体验？
01:07:09 灵巧手的“GPT时刻”还有多远？
【延伸阅读】
《机器人的“最后一公里”：深聊灵巧手的“不可能三角”与六大技术门派》
本期播客中提到的公司：
1X
ILDA
Shadow Hand
ORCA Hand
Sharpa
Figure AI
Tesla Optimus
Physical Intelligence（PI）
Sunday Robotics
Generalist
Covariant
TetherIA
源升智能
【监制】
泓君
【后期】
AMEI
【运营】
朱婕
【BGM】
The Light from Within - Howard Harper-Barnes
Floating in Space - Eva Hummingbird
All Parts Equal - Airae
The Secret Spring - Helmut Schenker
【在这里找到我们】
公众号：硅谷101
收听渠道：Apple Podcast｜Spotify｜小宇宙｜喜马拉雅｜蜻蜓FM｜荔枝FM｜网易云音乐｜QQ音乐
其他平台：YouTube｜Bilibili 搜索「硅谷101播客」
联系我们：podcast@sv101.netSpecial Guests: 陶一伟 and 齐浩之.
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