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This Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow to Report & Evaluate a Systematic Review: PRISMA & AMSTAR-2PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR-2 are two important tools for evaluating how systematic reviews are reported and critically appraised. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, you'll learn how reporting guidelines and critical appraisal tools help clinicians determine whether a published systematic review was reported completely and conducted using trustworthy methods. Understanding these frameworks allows you to move beyond simply reading the conclusions and instead evaluate the methods, reporting, reproducibility, and trustworthiness of a systematic review before applying its findings to patient care.Topics Covered:- What is PRISMA 2020?- What is A...
2026-10-2315 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiUnderstanding GRADE in Meta-Analysis: How to Judge Quality of EvidenceGRADE is one of the most widely used systems for evaluating the quality and certainty of evidence in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, you'll learn how the GRADE approach helps clinicians determine how much confidence they should place in published evidence before changing clinical practice. Using a real-world example from Cochrane reviews, Dr. Busti demonstrates how evaluating the certainty of evidence can change the interpretation of the same underlying data and why statistical significance alone does not determine whether evidence is strong enough to influence practice.T...
2026-10-2014 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiGallbladder Anatomy & Physiology Made Clinically RelevantDr. Busti will explain gallbladder anatomy and gallbladder physiology, connecting bile flow and gallstones to the clinical findings healthcare professionals encounter in practice.Follow bile from hepatic production through gallbladder storage, concentration, and meal-triggered release. Learn how cholecystokinin coordinates delivery, how the cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct, and why stone location changes the clinical consequences.Apply this framework to cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. The lecture connects structure and function to bedside findings and explains why stones alone do not establish acute gallbladder inflammation.Compare the...
2026-10-1440 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow to Interpret a Forest Plot in a Meta-AnalysisForest plots are an important tool in evidence-based medicine, yet many clinicians can recognize one without confidently interpreting what it is actually showing. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, you'll learn how to read a forest plot, understand what each component represents, and evaluate what a meta-analysis is telling you about the evidence. You'll also learn how confidence intervals, pooled estimates, heterogeneity, study weighting, and sensitivity analyses influence interpretation of the evidence so you can become a more confident consumer of medical literature.Topics Covered:- How to read a f...
2026-10-0730 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis is Done: Key Steps ExplainedSystematic reviews and meta-analyses are often considered among the highest levels of clinical evidence—but only when they are performed using rigorous, transparent methods. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, you'll learn the essential steps involved in conducting and critically evaluating a systematic review and meta-analysis, from developing a focused clinical question through assessing risk of bias, heterogeneity, and pooled results. Whether you're conducting research or interpreting published medical literature, understanding the systematic review process can help you evaluate the validity of its conclusions. Dr. Busti explains why each step matters and how und...
2026-10-0345 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSystematic Review vs Meta-Analysis: What's the Difference?Systematic Review vs Meta-Analysis is one of the most commonly misunderstood topics in evidence-based medicine. In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti explains the important differences between review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, why these terms should not be used interchangeably, and how each contributes to clinical decision-making. #SystematicReview #MetaAnalysis #EvidenceBasedMedicineYou'll learn why systematic reviews provide a reproducible, evidence-based synthesis of the literature while meta-analyses statistically combine results to estimate an overall treatment effect. Dr. Busti also discusses Cochrane Reviews, publication bias, heterogeneity, the strengths and limitations of evidence synthesis, and a classic cardiovascular...
2026-09-2923 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPARADIGM-HF Trial: Why Sacubitril/Valsartan Changed HFrEF CareDr. Busti explains why the PARADIGM-HF trial changed treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), connecting sacubitril/valsartan to the clinical evidence behind angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) therapy.Why replace an ACE inhibitor in a patient who seems stable? Follow the rationale for neprilysin inhibition, the role of natriuretic peptides, and the reason sacubitril is paired with valsartan. Then examine the comparison with enalapril: cardiovascular death or first heart-failure hospitalization, relative versus absolute benefit, symptomatic hypotension, and the run-in period that shaped trial eligibility.This Landmark Clinical...
2026-09-2425 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiTMP-SMX + Spironolactone Drug Interaction: Why Potassium Can RiseTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or TMP-SMX, and spironolactone can impair renal potassium excretion through different mechanisms. This lecture explains how trimethoprim’s amiloride-like inhibition of ENaC converges with mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonism—and why that can increase the risk of clinically important hyperkalemia.Dr. Busti will explain how normal distal-nephron potassium handling works, which patients are most vulnerable, how to interpret the observational safety signal, and how clinicians can approach indication review, renal dosing, laboratory monitoring, medication reconciliation, and patient counseling.Evidence discussed:- Antoniou T, et al. BMJ. 2011;343:d5228. https://pubmed.ncbi...
2026-09-2216 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareDecoding the Lipid GuidelinesListen in as our expert panel breaks down what clinicians need to know about the 2026 dyslipidemia guidelines, such as the role of lipoprotein a, apolipoprotein B, and coronary artery calcium scoring. Plus, you'll walk away with practical takeaways to optimize lipid management including when to add non-statin therapies like PCSK9 inhibitors and ezetimibe for your patients.Special guests:Mary Katherine Cheeley, PharmD, BCPS, CLS, FNLAExecutive Director, Ambulatory Pharmacy ServicesGrady Health SystemJoel C. Marrs, PharmD, MPH, BCACP, BCCP, BCPS, CLS, FAHA, FASHP, FCCP, FNLACardiology Ambulatory Clinical PharmacistCheyenne Regional Medical Group...
2026-09-0132 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiAmiodarone and Digoxin: Drug Interaction ExplainedThe amiodarone and digoxin drug interaction is one of the most clinically important cardiovascular drug interactions to understand because it can raise digoxin exposure and increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti explains why amiodarone can increase digoxin concentrations, how P-glycoprotein inhibition changes digoxin handling, and why clinicians should anticipate the need for digoxin dose adjustment and monitoring rather than react after symptoms appear.You’ll learn why this interaction is not just a memorized warning, but a predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issue involving drug transport, renal el...
2026-07-0712 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiLikelihood Ratios (LR) Explained for Diagnostic TestingLikelihood ratios (LR) are one of the most clinically useful tools in diagnostic testing because they help clinicians determine whether a test meaningfully changes the probability of disease. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Anthony Busti explains how likelihood ratios integrate sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, and post-test probability into real-world clinical decision-making.This Is Why understanding likelihood ratios (LR) matters for every clinician ordering diagnostic tests. Dr. Busti walks through how positive and negative likelihood ratios influence patient workups, when additional testing is warranted, and how clinicians determine whether a diagnostic test is...
2026-07-0224 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPositive and Negative Predictive Values Explained ClinicallyPositive and negative predictive values are critical for understanding what diagnostic test results actually mean in clinical practice. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Busti explains how predictive values help clinicians determine the probability that a patient truly has — or does not have — a disease after diagnostic testing.This Is Why understanding predictive values matters far beyond memorizing formulas. Dr. Busti breaks down how prevalence changes diagnostic interpretation, why false positives and false negatives matter clinically, and how positive and negative predictive values directly impact patient care decisions.Using practical exam...
2026-07-0127 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiROC Curves Explained: Understanding Diagnostic CutoffsROC curves and the AUC (or c-statistic) are some of the most important — and most misunderstood — concepts in diagnostic testing and evidence-based medicine (EBM). In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Busti explains how ROC curves help clinicians determine diagnostic test cutoffs, balance sensitivity and specificity, and improve diagnostic accuracy in real clinical practice.This Is Why understanding ROC curves matters for clinicians interpreting laboratory tests, screening tools, and diagnostic assays. Dr. Busti breaks down area under the curve (AUC), false positives, false negatives, and why changing diagnostic thresholds directly impacts patient care deci...
2026-06-3001 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSensitivity & Specificity Explained for Clinical PracticeSensitivity and specificity are some of the most misunderstood concepts in evidence-based medicine and diagnostic testing. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Busti breaks down the clinical meaning behind sensitivity, specificity, true positives, false positives, false negatives, and diagnostic accuracy using practical examples clinicians can immediately apply.This Is Why understanding sensitivity and specificity matters far beyond memorization. Dr. Busti explains how clinicians use highly sensitive tests to rule out disease and highly specific tests to rule in disease while also demonstrating how false positives and false negatives influence patient care decisions.
2026-06-2735 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiDiagnostic Tests Explained: Precision & Accuracy in PracticeDiagnostic tests used in research and clinical practice are essential to evidence-based medicine because they shape how clinicians diagnose disease, interpret tests, and make patient care decisions. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Busti explains how the precision and accuracy of diagnostic studies are designed, validated, and critically appraised using clinically relevant examples and practical reasoning.This Is Why understanding sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios matters far beyond memorization. Dr. Busti walks through how clinicians determine whether a diagnostic test is useful, how bias affects study validity, and why gold-standard...
2026-06-2514 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiDiagnostic Tests & Studies: How to Use & Evaluate in PracticeDiagnostic studies are foundational to evidence-based medicine because they help clinicians determine disease presence, severity, progression, and treatment response. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, Dr. Busti explains the essential framework behind diagnostic studies, including sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and critical appraisal tools used to evaluate study validity.This Is Why understanding diagnostic studies matters for every clinician. Dr. Busti breaks down how diagnostic assays are developed, validated, and interpreted using practical clinical examples, including troponins, HIV viral load monitoring, BNP in heart failure, and lactate clearance in sepsis....
2026-06-2240 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiRegression Analysis Explained: Confounders & Clinical MeaningRegression analysis explained — understanding how variables influence outcomes is essential for interpreting clinical research in this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti.Dr. Busti breaks down regression analysis and how it helps identify relationships between variables while controlling for confounders. This Is Why mastering regression allows you to determine whether an intervention truly drives outcomes—or if other factors are influencing the results.You’ll learn the difference between linear and multivariate regression, how independent and dependent variables interact, and why controlling for confounders is critical for internal validity. Dr. Busti also connects regres...
2026-06-1826 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSUSPEND Trial | Tamsulosin for Kidney Stones ExplainedTamsulosin for kidney stones is one of the most commonly prescribed therapies for ureteral stones — but does it actually help? In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, we break down the landmark SUSPEND trial and explain why the answer depends on the patient, the stone size, and the clinical context.This Is Why many clinicians changed how they approach medical expulsive therapy after SUSPEND. But the real lesson is not simply whether to use tamsulosin — it’s understanding which patients are most likely to benefit and why later evidence refined the conversation.Dr. Bu...
2026-06-1319 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiEpistaxis Explained Why Nosebleeds Happen | Dr. BustiEpistaxis explained by Dr. Busti. In this episode on This Is Why, we break down why epistaxis happens, how clinicians think through causes of bleeding, and why the location of bleeding matters clinically.Dr. Busti explains anterior vs posterior epistaxis, common risk factors, medication-related bleeding, vascular anatomy, and when recurrent nosebleeds may signal a more serious underlying condition.This episode connects anatomy, physiology, pathology, and clinical reasoning so healthcare professionals can better understand the “why” behind epistaxis and nosebleed management.Topics Covered:- What epistaxis means clinically- Why nosebleeds happen...
2026-06-0918 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiEffect Size (Relative Risk (RR), Odds Ratio (OR), NNT/NNH) Made SimpleEffect size (Relative risk vs odds ratio vs hazard ratio & NNT and NNH explained — This Is Why understanding these concepts is essential for interpreting clinical trials with Dr. Busti.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), absolute risk increase (ARI), number needed to treat (NNT), and number needed to harm (MMH) in a way that connects directly to real clinical decision-making. This Is Why learning the “why” behind these calculations helps you move beyond memorization and actually apply evidence to patient care.Yo...
2026-06-0539 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiD-Dimer Explained: When Suspected DVT Needs UltrasoundD-dimer explained for DVT evaluation. This Is Why healthcare professionals must understand what an elevated D-dimer actually means before jumping to conclusions. Dr. Busti walks through a common deep vein thrombosis scenario and explains why compression ultrasonography—not automatic anticoagulation—is the correct next step when DVT is suspected.Many learners incorrectly assume that an elevated D-dimer confirms a clot. Others memorize algorithms without understanding the clinical reasoning behind them. In this episode, Dr. Busti breaks down Wells score interpretation, pretest probability, D-dimer limitations, and how clinicians should approach suspected DVT in real-world practice.Whether you...
2026-06-0213 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiNINDS Trial Explained Stroke Thrombolysis Risks and BenefitsStroke thrombolysis changed emergency neurology forever—but understanding why the NINDS trial mattered is what transforms memorization into clinical decision-making. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, we break down the landmark NINDS rt-PA trial that established alteplase as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke and explore the real-world balance between functional recovery and intracerebral hemorrhage risk.Dr. Busti explains how to interpret the trial beyond headlines by walking through the study design, inclusion criteria, outcomes, NNT and NNH calculations, odds ratios, bleeding risk, and the evolution of thrombolytic therapy from alteplase to tenecteplase. Th...
2026-05-2730 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. Busti95% Confidence Intervals Explained for Medical LiteratureConfidence intervals are one of the most misunderstood concepts in evidence-based medicine. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, we break down what 95% confidence intervals actually mean, how they relate to p values and effect size, and why they are essential for interpreting clinical research correctly.Dr. Busti walks through practical examples involving odds ratios, hazard ratios, relative risk, forest plots, and statistical significance so healthcare professionals can confidently evaluate published literature and apply evidence appropriately in clinical decision-making.Whether you're preparing for boards, learning research interpretation, or improving your evidence-based medicine...
2026-05-2527 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiTinnitus Explained: Symptom vs DiagnosisTinnitus explained clearly—This Is Why it matters clinically with Dr. Busti. Understanding tinnitus as a symptom, not a diagnosis, changes how you think, communicate, and manage patients.In this episode, Dr. Busti breaks down the meaning of tinnitus, its clinical implications, and how proper terminology drives better clinical reasoning. From pathophysiology to medication causes and key descriptors like pulsatile and unilateral tinnitus, this is a foundational concept every healthcare professional must master.This Is Why terminology is more than vocabulary—it’s a tool for thinking.Topics Covered:- What tinnitus actual...
2026-05-2114 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiP Values Explained Clearly: Statistical vs Clinical SignificanceP values explained clearly in clinical research — This Is Why understanding what a P value means (and does NOT mean) with Dr. Busti is critical for interpreting evidence and applying it to patient care.In this episode, Dr. Busti breaks down one of the most misunderstood concepts in biostatistics: the P value. You’ll learn exactly what a P value tells you about chance, random error, and statistical significance—and more importantly, what it does NOT tell you about clinical relevance.Using landmark clinical trials, including real-world examples, this episode connects statistical interpretation to actual patien...
2026-05-1929 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhy Sulfonylureas Cause Hypoglycemia ExplainedWhy sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia becomes much easier to understand once you know how pancreatic beta cells regulate insulin secretion. In this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti, we walk through a board-style pharmacology question that connects ATP-sensitive potassium channels, membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and insulin release into one clinically useful framework.Instead of memorizing isolated diabetes medication facts, this episode explains the physiology behind insulin secretagogues and why missed meals can become dangerous in patients taking sulfonylureas or meglitinides. Dr. Busti breaks down the mechanism step-by-step so you can reason through pharmacology questions, recognize common...
2026-05-1513 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiCorrelation vs R Squared Explained This Is Why It MattersIn this episode on This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down one of the most commonly misunderstood biostatistics concepts: correlation vs coefficient of determination. You’ll learn how to interpret the correlation coefficient (r), what it actually tells you about relationships between variables, and why it does NOT imply causation.Then we connect that foundation to R² (coefficient of determination) — and This Is Why it’s critical for understanding how much variability one variable explains in another. Through clinical context and practical examples, you’ll see how these concepts apply to real-world decision-making, not just test...
2026-05-1313 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiGISSI-3 Trial: ACE Inhibitors After MI ExplainedACE inhibitors after myocardial infarction — Dr. Busti explains the GISSI-3 trial and what it actually changed in clinical practice on this episode of This Is Why.After the initial management of acute MI, the real question becomes: what else improves survival and prevents long-term damage? The GISSI-3 trial tackled this directly, evaluating early ACE inhibitor therapy and routine nitrate use in a large, real-world population.Dr. Busti breaks down how lisinopril provided a modest but meaningful mortality benefit—and why that matters more than it seems. More importantly, we expl...
2026-05-1112 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiBiostatistics Framework | Mean, Median, Mode Explained + SD vs SEMMean, median, mode, standard deviation, and standard error explained in the context of clinical research and data interpretation.In this This Is Why lecture, Dr. Busti walks through the core measures of central tendency and variability and shows how they relate to data type, study design, and proper interpretation.This is where many learners make mistakes—especially when interpreting skewed data, choosing between mean vs median, or understanding the difference between standard deviation and standard error.This episode builds directly on the Biostatistics Framework an...
2026-05-1123 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiAmiodarone in Cardiac Arrest: ARREST Trial ExplainedAmiodarone in cardiac arrest — Dr. Busti breaks down the ARREST trial and what it actually means for patient outcomes in this episode of This Is Why.When ventricular fibrillation persists after multiple shocks, what’s the next step? The ARREST trial gave us one of the first randomized answers—but understanding the why behind the results is what truly changes how you practice.Dr. Busti walks through the evidence behind amiodarone in shock-refractory VF/pulseless VT, highlighting what improved—and what didn’t. You’ll learn how to interpret short-term survival benefits, weigh adverse effects, and apply th...
2026-05-0710 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiMedical Terminology: SternutateWhat does “sternutate” actually mean, and why does medicine use complex terms for simple human experiences like sneezing? In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down the medical term sternutate, its Latin origin, and how it connects to the physiology of sneezing as a protective reflex. This episode goes beyond memorization to focus on clinical reasoning—helping healthcare professionals understand how a common symptom like sneezing can point to underlying conditions such as allergic rhinitis, infections, or environmental triggers. If you want to better understand the “why” behind medical terminology and apply it to real p...
2026-05-0507 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPower Analysis Explained: Type II Error, Beta, and Sample SizePower analysis is essential for interpreting clinical research and determining whether a study can truly detect a meaningful difference.In this lecture on This Is Why, Dr. Busti will explain what statistical power really means, how it relates to beta and Type II error, and why sample size plays a critical role in identifying true differences in clinical studies. He walks through the conceptual meaning of power—not just the formula—and shows how clinicians and researchers should interpret study results when no difference is found.This lecture is part...
2026-05-0425 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiAlpha Value Explained (Type I Error)| Biostatistics SeriesAlpha value and Type I error are foundational concepts in biostatistics and clinical research interpretation.In this lecture on This Is Why, Dr. Busti will explain what alpha represents, how it is determined, and how clinicians should interpret it when evaluating medical literature. This session clarifies the relationship between alpha, Type I error, hypothesis testing, and study power, helping learners connect statistical theory to real clinical decision-making.This lecture is part of the broader This Is Why evidence-based medicine series, where each concept builds on previous topics to strengthen...
2026-05-0118 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiParametric vs Non-Parametric Statistical Tests ExplainedParametric vs Non-Parametric statistical tests are explained, and how they relate to data type, distribution, and study design.In this lecture on This Is Why, Dr. Busti brings the full biostatistics framework of the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) together—connecting data type, distribution, and study groups to the correct statistical analysis.Understanding when to use parametric vs. nonparametric tests is critical for interpreting clinical research and avoiding common mistakes when evaluating data in evidence-based medicine (EBM).This lecture reinforces how normal vs skewed data, ou...
2026-04-2715 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiIndependent vs Paired Groups Explained (Choose the Right Test)Independent vs paired study groups explained and how they determine the correct statistical test in clinical research.In this This Is Why lecture, Dr. Busti breaks down one of the most important steps in biostatistics—identifying the type of study groups and how that directly impacts statistical test selection.Understanding whether groups are independent or related is essential for interpreting clinical trials and avoiding common mistakes when reading research.This lecture builds on prior topics and moves you closer to confidently choosing the correct st...
2026-04-2414 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPractice Question: Parkinson Disease Medication Discontinuation SafetyParkinson disease medication discontinuation safety is the focus of this episode of This Is Why with Dr. Busti. In this board-style practice question, we work through a clinical scenario involving adverse effects, medication management, and the reasoning process needed to approach discontinuation decisions safely in practice and on exams.In this episode, Dr. Busti breaks down how to think through a medication safety question step by step, identify common board traps, and connect the pharmacology to real patient care.Topics Covered:- Parkinson disease medication management
2026-04-2208 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiTypes of Data Explained: Nominal, Ordinal, or Continuous?Types of data for a study's endpoint are explained—nominal, ordinal, or continuous—and how each determines the appropriate statistical test in clinical research.In this lecture on This Is Why, Dr. Busti walks through one of the most critical steps in biostatistics: correctly identifying the type of data based on the study question.This is where many learners make mistakes—especially when distinguishing between ordinal vs continuous data, recognizing skewed data, or understanding when to use parametric vs non-parametric analysis.This lecture connects direct...
2026-04-2027 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiIntro to Biostatistics: How to Pick the Right Statistical TestHow do you choose the right statistical test in clinical research?In this This Is Why (TIW) lecture, Dr. Busti introduces the biostatistics decision-making framework that connects hypothesis, study design, and data type to the correct statistical analysis.This is not a memorization lecture—it’s about understanding the structure behind statistical choices so you can evaluate research correctly as a clinician or researcher.This episode sets the foundation for the entire Biostatistics Framework series, where each concept builds step-by-step into practical application.
2026-04-1729 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSulfa Allergy: What Drugs to Avoid (and What’s Usually Safe)Sulfa allergy is one of the most commonly reported drug allergies (often cited around ~6% of patients), and it frequently leads clinicians to avoid entire medication classes—sometimes unnecessarily. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down what drugs to avoid with a sulfa allergy (and what’s usually safe) by focusing on the “why”: the chemical features that drive true sulfonamide allergy risk and what that means for real-world prescribing.You’ll learn how to:- Identify what makes a drug a “sulfonamide”- Distinguish antimicrobial vs non-antimic...
2025-12-2713 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhat is Odynophagia? Definition, Causes, & PitfallsIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down the term odynophagia—how to pronounce it, how to use it correctly in charting and clinical conversation, and the most common conditions that cause swallowing pain (painful swallowing). This quick, high-yield refresher will help you confidently recognize and document odynophagia and avoid common mistakes (like confusing it with dysphagia).In this video you’ll learn:- What odynophagia means and how to say it- How it differs from dysphagia- Common causes of pain when swal...
2025-12-2613 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHeart Borders & Chambers on a Chest X-Ray - Made EasyIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will make the identification of the heart borders and heart chambers on a chest x-ray easy. Dr. Busti will walk step-by-step through how to identify the cardiac silhouette, locate the heart borders, and understand where the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrial appendage, and apex of the heart sit on a standard PA chest x-ray (CXR).You’ll see how to connect real heart xray images with the underlying heart anatomy.You’ll learn how to:- Identify normal heart borders on a...
2025-12-2317 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhat is Dysphagia? Definition, Causes, & PitfallsIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will break down dysphagia—the medical term for difficulty swallowing—in a clear, clinically relevant way. You’ll learn what dysphagia means, how clinicians use the term, and how to quickly recognize the difference between oropharyngeal dysphagia vs esophageal dysphagia. We’ll also cover high-yield dysphagia causes, red flags, and common pitfalls that lead to missed diagnoses—especially when aspiration risk is overlooked.What you’ll learn (quick + practical):- Dysphagia definition and how it shows up in real patients (“trouble swallowing)- Oropharyng...
2025-12-2313 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiChest X-Ray Exposure: How to Tell If Your CXR Is AdequateAre you looking at a portable chest x-ray and wondering, “Is this exposure good enough to trust?” In this video, we walk through how to check chest x-ray exposure step-by-step so you can quickly decide if a CXR is adequately penetrated and ready for interpretation. In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will provide you with a practical approach to how to read chest x-rays and judge image quality before making clinical decisions.You’ll learn how to:Recognize adequate CXR penetration using the “spine through the heart” ruleApply a simple chest x-ray qual...
2025-12-2213 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow to Easily Identify & Count Ribs on a Chest X-RayIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will walk step-by-step through rib anatomy on a portable AP chest x ray, so you can quickly recognize posterior vs anterior ribs, assess inspiratory effort, and improve your overall chest x ray interpretation skills.You’ll learn how to:Spot posterior ribs and anterior ribs on a standard AP chest x rayUse rib counting to judge film quality and inspirationApply rib levels as landmarks when describing lung findingsAvoid common mistakes when reading portable chest x rays in the ER, ICU, and in...
2025-12-1913 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPenicillin Allergy & Cephalosporin Cross-ReactivityIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will answer the question, "Are patients with a penicillin allergy really at high risk when we use cephalosporins?" Dr. Busti will also discuss some of the evidence on penicillin allergy & cephalosporin cross-reactivity and shows you how to safely use β-lactam antibiotics in clinical practice.In this episode, we’ll cover:- Why most penicillin allergy labels are incorrect- The true risk of cephalosporin cross-reactivity (and why it’s not what you think)- How R1 side chains drive cross-reactivity between β-lactam antibiotics- Practi...
2025-12-1914 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhat Does Micturate Mean? Medical Terms Made Easy & RelevantWhat does “micturate” actually mean, and why do textbooks, exam questions, and older charts still use it instead of just saying “urinate”? In this lecture on Medical Terminology from This is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down the meaning and definition of micturate, how it relates to micturition and urination, and shows you exactly how this term is used in real clinical practice so it finally sticks.In this video, you’ll learn: what micturate and micturition mean in plain language, how to connect “micturate = urinate” so you never freeze on an exam, how the term shows up in phrases lik...
2025-12-1905 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPractice Question: Penicillin Allergy - Avoiding Cross-ReactivityMaster penicillin allergy questions exactly the way they show up on your exams and in clinical practice. In this episode of This is Why, Dr. Busti will walk through a high-yield practice question on penicillin allergy and beta-lactam cross-reactivity, so you know which antibiotics are safe, which to avoid, and how to reason through the stem under exam pressure.You’ll learn how to:- Analyze a penicillin allergy history in an exam-style MCQ- Understand penicillin–cephalosporin cross-reactivity and when it actually matters- Apply beta-lactam cross-reactivity concepts (penicillins vs. cephalosporins) to patient care...
2025-12-1807 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow to Check Patient Positioning on a Chest X-RayMastering chest X-ray positioning is the first step to safe and accurate chest X-ray interpretation. In this video, “How to Check Patient Positioning on a Chest X-Ray,” Dr. Busti walk through a simple, practical checklist so you can quickly decide if a CXR is good enough to interpret—or if positioning errors (rotation, poor inspiration, clipping) are misleading you.You’ll learn how to:Tell PA vs AP views and why it matters for heart size and mediastinumSpot patient rotation using the clavicles and spinous processesAssess inspiration on a chest X-ray (how many rib...
2025-12-1617 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiAP vs PA Chest X-Ray: How to Tell the DifferenceIn this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will teach you how to quickly and confidently tell AP vs PA chest X-ray (CXR) views apart so you don’t get misled by magnified hearts or a widened mediastinum. In this video, we break down chest X-ray projection step by step and show you how to spot whether a film is AP or PA view just by looking at the image itself—skills you can use on your next shift or exam.This teaching video is designed to help clinicians who want practical, bedside chest X-ray interpretation skil...
2025-12-0514 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiHow to Tell If Chest X-Ray Inspiration Is Adequate (Portable CXR Tips)In this lecture from This is Why, Dr. Busti will walk step-by-step through the proper steps to determine if the inspiration is good enough to allow the chest x-ray (CXR) to be appropriate to interpret and avoid missing an abnormality.  This lecture will improve your overall chest x-ray interpretation skills.You’ll learn how to:Identify the posterior ribs and anterior ribs on a standard AP chest x rayUse rib counting to judge film quality and inspirationIf you’re looking for a clear, visual guide to how to read a chest x ray...
2025-12-0410 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSSRI Antidepressants: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantIn this This Is Why pharmacology review, Dr. Busti walks through the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)—how they became first-line for major depressive disorder and a wide range of anxiety-related disorders, and where their real-world pitfalls live.We compare the core agents—citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline—covering indications, mechanism, and clinical nuances that matter at the bedside. You’ll learn how dose, half-life, metabolism, and side-effect patterns influence patient-specific choices, and what to monitor for safety and success.This episode includes practical guidance on:Managing sexual dysfunction, QT risk, and SIADHRec...
2025-11-2034 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiChest X-Rays: How to Read Like a Pro - A Step-by-Step GuideThis session teaches a reproducible, step-by-step approach to chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation using two complementary mnemonics: RIPE (Rotation, Inspiration, Penetration/Projection, Exposure/Artifacts) to verify image quality, and A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I to read findings in a consistent order. Viewers learn to spot essential landmarks (trachea, aortic knob, hila, lobes/fissures, diaphragms, costophrenic angles), recognize when AP vs PA matters (e.g., cardiothoracic ratio), and avoid common pitfalls that lead to misses. A live, real-time read ties the method together so the approach can be used on rounds, in clinic, or at the bedside.What...
2025-11-1140 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiChest X-Rays: How to Read Like a Pro - A Step-by-Step GuideThis session teaches a reproducible, step-by-step approach to chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation using two complementary mnemonics: RIPE (Rotation, Inspiration, Penetration/Projection, Exposure/Artifacts) to verify image quality, and A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I to read findings in a consistent order. Viewers learn to spot essential landmarks (trachea, aortic knob, hila, lobes/fissures, diaphragms, costophrenic angles), recognize when AP vs PA matters (e.g., cardiothoracic ratio), and avoid common pitfalls that lead to misses. A live, real-time read ties the method together so the approach can be used on rounds, in clinic, or at the bedside.What...
2025-11-1141 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPredicting Your NCLEX-RN Success: Why Some Pass & Some Don'tIn this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down the evidence-based predictors of NCLEX-RN success for first-time test takers. See what the 10-year pass-rate trend really shows, which factors (GPA, standardized exit exams, program environment, life experience) matter most, and—most importantly—what you can do now to raise your odds on test day.Build confidence in your exam readiness and clinical mastery with free resources at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to p...
2025-11-1108 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiBPS Exam Pass Rates & Predictors of Success: How to Improve Your OddsBPS specialty board exams are challenging — and the data proves it. But knowing what drives success can make all the difference.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti reviews national BPS pass rate trends and explores what separates first-time test takers who succeed from those who don’t. Using data from multiple specialties, he highlights how residency training, study strategy, and preparation methods predict success — and why relying solely on memorization or guesswork fails so many candidates.You’ll learn how to interpret your own readiness, avoid common traps like overemphasizing blueprints or anecdota...
2025-10-2714 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiBPS Exams: Study What is Testable to Maximize SuccessPassing a BPS specialty exam takes more than hard work — it takes strategy and understanding.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down how BPS exams are built, what “testable” really means, and why focusing on validated, evidence-based concepts gives you a major advantage. Drawing on decades of experience as a pharmacist, educator, and exam review developer, he explains the multi-step process used to create fair, reliable, and job-related BPS exams.Listeners will learn why not all new or clinically relevant content appears on the test, how to interpret the exam blueprint effect...
2025-10-2714 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPredicting Your NAPLEX Success: How to Boost Your First-Time Pass RateWhat predicts success on the NAPLEX? It’s not chance — it’s about understanding the factors that matter most.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti unpacks the key predictors of NAPLEX performance based on data and published literature. You’ll learn how GPA, pre-admission metrics, clinical performance, study effort, and test timing correlate with first-time pass rates — and how to interpret these factors to improve your own odds.Drawing from decades of experience teaching pharmacy and preparing students for licensing exams, Dr. Busti helps listeners identify what’s within their control and how to act o...
2025-10-2709 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiStudy Smarter for the NAPLEX: What’s Really Testable?The NAPLEX isn’t testing everything you’ve ever learned — it’s measuring what matters most for entry-level pharmacist competence.In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti explains how the NAPLEX is built by the NABP, why understanding its blueprint helps you focus your studying, and how to avoid wasting time on untested or emerging content. Drawing on his own experience as a pharmacist, physician, and nurse — and decades teaching pharmacy students — he reveals the process behind question validation, exam updates, and psychometric testing.Listeners will learn how to identify high-yield, testable concepts that align w...
2025-10-2712 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhy NAPLEX Scores are Low & How to Reverse the TrendOver the past decade, NAPLEX pass rates have dropped — sparking concern across pharmacy education. But what’s really driving this decline?In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti breaks down the data behind NAPLEX performance trends, exploring factors such as the rapid growth of pharmacy schools, shifts in applicant pools, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on learning and assessment.Drawing from decades of experience as a pharmacist, physician, and nurse, Dr. Busti helps listeners understand how these changes have shaped the profession — and what students can do to overcome them. You’ll learn...
2025-10-2713 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiNCLEX-RN: Study Smarter, Pass Faster: : Focus on What MattersPassing the NCLEX-RN isn’t about memorizing more — it’s about understanding what truly matters and how the exam is built to measure it. In this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti, a physician and pharmacist who began his healthcare career as a registered nurse, breaks down how the NCLEX-RN is developed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) — and what that means for your study plan.You’ll learn how to recognize high-yield, testable concepts, why some new content won’t appear on the exam, and how to focus your preparation on what can act...
2025-10-2708 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPractice Question: Pneumonia Treatment - As Seen on Your ExamsIn this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti walks through a real-world board-style question on community-acquired pneumonia — connecting core pathophysiology to exam reasoning and clinical judgment. Using a 54-year-old patient case, you’ll learn how to differentiate inpatient versus outpatient management, apply CURB-65 and PSI scoring tools, and identify sepsis criteria that drive treatment decisions.Dr. Busti also unpacks the rationale behind antibiotic selection, comparing macrolide monotherapy, beta-lactam combinations, and fluoroquinolone alternatives — all while reinforcing how understanding why each answer choice is correct or incorrect leads to long-term mastery.If you’re preparing for your boa...
2025-10-0722 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSmoking Cessation Agents: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDr. Busti reviews pharmacologic options for smoking cessation—bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and varenicline—highlighting mechanisms, dosing strategies, and safety considerations. Learn how to integrate these therapies with behavioral approaches, tailor choices to patient comorbidities, and monitor for clinically relevant risks.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advi...
2025-10-0736 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiTCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants): Uses, Risks & Practical MonitoringDr. Busti reviews tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)—their history, evolving role, and why they remain relevant today. Learn how tertiary vs. secondary amines differ, why lower doses are effective for pain and insomnia, and how overdose risks tie back to sodium channel blockade. Practical monitoring, counseling tips, and clinical pearls are highlighted to help you apply TCAs safely and effectively.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or ot...
2025-10-0739 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiTCA Antidepressants: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDr. Busti reviews selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)—their mechanism, first-line indications, key side effects, and clinical pearls. Learn why SSRIs are widely used for depression and anxiety, how to avoid pitfalls like QT prolongation and drug interactions, and what to monitor to optimize patient care.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthFind resources for this topic at https://www.thisiswhy.health/topics/pharmacology-review-tca-tricyclic-antidepressantsDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or...
2025-10-0734 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiSNRI Antidepressants: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDiscover serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)—safe, effective antidepressants for depression, anxiety, and pain syndromes. In this episode, you’ll learn:- How SNRIs work in the brain and differ from SSRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs- Key medications: venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, levomilnacipran- Important side effects, including blood pressure changes and SIADH in older adults- Tips for safe switching, monitoring, and counseling patientsCompanion tables (indications, mechanisms, PK/PD, side-effect grid, and monitoring prompts) are available for download and teaching at https://www.thisiswhy.health/topics/pharmacology-review-snri-antidepressantsDisclaimer: This...
2025-10-0729 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiAtypical Antidepressants: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDr. Busti explores the atypical antidepressants—bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone, vilazodone, and vortioxetine. Learn how these agents differ from SSRIs/SNRIs, when to use them, and how their unique side effect profiles can actually guide therapy.Access tables, visuals, and playlists for this episode at https://www.thisiswhy.health/topics/pharmacology-review-atypical-antidepressantsDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical ad...
2025-10-0736 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiMAOI Antidepressants: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDr. Busti breaks down monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)—where they still fit in modern care, how they work, and how to use them safely.In this episode you’ll learn:Why MAOIs remain relevant for treatment-resistant depressionHow irreversible MAO-A/B inhibition elevates serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopaminePractical washout rules (why 14 days after MAOI, generally 7 days before starting an MAOI; longer with fluoxetine)High-yield differences (e.g., selegiline transdermal for depression vs. oral formulations for Parkinson’s disease)Key drug–drug risks (serotonergic agents, certain opioids like tramadol, linezolid/methylene blue)Tyramine-containing foods and counseling to prevent hypertensive crisis
2025-10-0738 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiProton Pump Inhibitors (PPI): Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantDr. Busti reviews Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)—how they work, why they outperformed H2 blockers, key clinical uses, and important risks. From GERD to GI bleeds, learn the why behind PPIs so you can apply them safely in practice.Access tables, visuals, and playlists for this video at https://www.thisiswhy.health/topics/pharmacology-review-proton-pump-inhibitors-ppiDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Ne...
2025-10-0748 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiInhaled Corticosteroids: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantA practical pharmacology review of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in asthma and COPD. Dr. Busti explains why ICS are first-line therapy in asthma, their selective role in COPD, key mechanisms, dosing strategies, side effects, and patient counseling points to improve adherence and outcomes.Access downloads for this episode at https://www.thisiswhy.health/topics/pharmacology-review-inhaled-corticosteroids-asthma-copdDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition...
2025-10-0744 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiPotassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (PCAB): Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantIn this episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti unpacks the pharmacology and clinical relevance of the potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) class—featuring vonoprazan, the newest option in acid suppression therapy.You’ll learn how P-CABs compare to H₂ receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in terms of mechanism, onset, and duration of acid control. Dr. Busti explains the unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that make vonoprazan a valuable alternative for patients who do not adequately respond to PPIs.The discussion connects the drug’s molecular action a...
2025-10-0738 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiStep 4 and 5 Apply and Assess: Where Evidence Meets UnderstandingThe final two steps of Evidence-Based Medicine—Apply and Assess—focus on turning knowledge into better patient outcomes. Dr. Busti explains how to apply evidence to real-world practice, integrate patient preferences, and assess the impact of your decisions to continually improve care. Discover how adapting your approach over time creates a more patient-centered, evidence-driven practice.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your phys...
2025-10-0616 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiThyroid Hormone Replacement: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinical RelevantLevothyroxine is first-line for hypothyroidism, but getting it right requires precision. In this episode, Dr. Busti explains the TSH–T4–T3 feedback loop, why T4 is preferred over T3 or desiccated thyroid, and how half-life and protein binding shape dosing and monitoring. We cover steady-state timing (6–8 weeks), dose step sizes, manufacturer switches, and how food and cation supplements (calcium, iron, magnesium) alter absorption. You’ll also learn how anticonvulsants, rifampin, beta-blockers, steroids, and amiodarone affect levels or peripheral conversion.Special populations receive focused guidance: immediate dose increases in pregnancy, careful titration in cardiovascular disease, and intentional TSH suppress...
2025-10-0644 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiCognitive Resonance vs Dissonance: Turning Gaps into GrowthCognitive dissonance—the moment we realize we don’t know something we should—can either hinder or grow us. In this episode, Dr. Busti explains how understanding and managing dissonance within the Evidence-Based Medicine framework strengthens humility, reflection, and better patient care. Learn to turn uncertainty into growth and develop true cognitive resonance.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other...
2025-10-0619 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiEBM in Real Life: When I Didn’t Know the “Why” (Deep Dive)In this personal reflection, Dr. Busti shares a formative moment of cognitive dissonance that reshaped his approach to evidence-based medicine. When a simple question exposed a knowledge gap, it sparked a lifelong commitment to understanding the “why” behind clinical decisions—and to teaching with honesty and humility.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medica...
2025-10-0615 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiStep 3 Appraise the Evidence: Where Evidence Meets UnderstandingStep 3 of Evidence-Based Medicine focuses on appraising the evidence. Dr. Busti explains how to systematically evaluate research using validated critical appraisal tools (CATs), detect bias, and interpret the quality of data before applying it to patient care. Learn to distinguish strong evidence from weak studies and develop a reliable, reproducible process for evidence-based decision-making.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician...
2025-10-0621 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiStep 2 Acquire the Best Evidence: Where Evidence Meets UnderstandingStep 2 of the EBM process is all about how to acquire evidence efficiently. Dr. Busti explains how to turn your PICO question into an effective search strategy, use Boolean logic and MESH terms, and select the best databases for your clinical question. Learn to differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary literature and find the most relevant evidence quickly without missing key studies.Access bonus materials and downloads at https://thisiswhy.healthDisclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek...
2025-10-0638 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiStep 1 Ask a Clinical Question: Where Evidence Meets UnderstandingEvidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has been shaping clinical decision-making for more than three decades. In this episode, Dr. Busti walks through Step 1 of the 5 A’s — Ask, focusing on how to craft clear, answerable clinical questions that drive better evidence searches and stronger patient care decisions.You’ll learn the difference between background and foreground questions, explore the structure of PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), and understand how extensions like PICOT and PICOTS add precision by incorporating time and setting. Using practical clinical examples—from asthma and hypertension to acute coronary syndromes—Dr. Busti demonstrates how well-formed questions save time...
2025-10-0628 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiThiazide Diuretics: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinical RelevantThiazide diuretics have been essential in managing hypertension and remain one of the most widely prescribed drug classes today. But their value becomes clearer when you understand the “why.”In this episode, Dr. Busti explains the mechanism of thiazides at the distal convoluted tubule, how this drives sodium handling, and why their clinical effects differ from loop diuretics. We cover the key agents — hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indapamide, and metolazone — and discuss their use in hypertension, edema, and special populations.Practical insights include why chlorthalidone often has stronger evidence than HCTZ, why higher HCTZ doses don’t yield more...
2025-10-061h 04This Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiLoop Diuretics: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantMRAs—spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone—do far more than nudge blood pressure. They improve outcomes in heart failure, offer targeted benefits in CKD with T2D, and play a unique role in cirrhosis-related ascites. In this focused review, Dr. Busti walks through the why behind the what: aldosterone receptor blockade, tissue selectivity (kidney vs heart), and how those differences drive real-world choices, dosing, and safety.We compare agents head-to-head, unpack RAAS physiology, and translate it into exam-ready pearls and bedside judgment—covering hyperkalemia risk, gynecomastia, CYP3A4 interactions, ACEi/ARB combinations, and how to counsel on potassium-containing salt s...
2025-10-061h 12This Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiMineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantMRAs—spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone—do far more than nudge blood pressure. They improve outcomes in heart failure, offer targeted benefits in CKD with T2D, and play a unique role in cirrhosis-related ascites. In this focused review, Dr. Busti walks through the why behind the what: aldosterone receptor blockade, tissue selectivity (kidney vs heart), and how those differences drive real-world choices, dosing, and safety.We compare agents head-to-head, unpack RAAS physiology, and translate it into exam-ready pearls and bedside judgment—covering hyperkalemia risk, gynecomastia, CYP3A4 interactions, ACEi/ARB combinations, and how to counsel on potassium-containing salt s...
2025-10-061h 01This Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiH2 Receptor Antagonist Antacids (H2RA): Pharmacology Made Easy & Clinically RelevantH₂ receptor antagonists like famotidine and cimetidine have been around for decades, but they still play an important role in managing GERD, dyspepsia, ulcers, and even acute GI bleeding. In this episode, Dr. Busti reviews the history, pharmacology, and clinical relevance of this class, including the withdrawal of ranitidine.You’ll learn how H₂ blockers fit into the larger category of antacid therapy, why they’re effective for mild cases but limited in long-term control, and how tolerance can reduce effectiveness. Cimetidine’s drug interaction profile is explored in detail, including CYP450 effects and alcohol metabolism. Practical dosing con...
2025-10-0643 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWelcome to This is Why with Dr. BustiIn this introductory episode of This Is Why, Dr. Busti shares the powerful story behind the creation of the podcast — and the mission driving it. With over 30 years of experience spanning nursing, pharmacy, medicine, and education, Dr. Busti offers a rare 360-degree perspective on healthcare.He discusses the common gap in medical training: being taught what to do and how to do it, but not always why. Through his own journey — from the ICU and emergency department to academic medicine and beyond — Dr. Busti explains how understanding the “why” transforms clinical decision-making, patient outcomes, and professional confidence.Liste...
2025-10-0605 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareBiosimilars in ActionListen in as we discuss considerations, challenges, and strategies related to the use and switching of biosimilars in clinical practice.  You’ll hear communication tips to address patient and prescriber concerns as well as operational considerations for integrating biosimilars into practice.  Special guests:Bharati Bhardwaja, PharmD, BCPS, LSSBBRheumatology Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistKaiser Permanente ColoradoMegan May, PharmD, BCOP, FHOPA, FAPOClinical Oncology Pharmacy SpecialistBaptist Health Lexington/Hamburg Cancer Care CenterYou’ll also hear practical advice from TRC’s Editorial Advisory Board member:Craig D. Williams, PharmD, FNLA, BCPSClinical Professor of Pharmacy PracticeOregon Health and Science...
2025-10-0131 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhy EBM Is So Hard - And Why It MattersEvidence-Based Medicine (EBM) is a cornerstone of clinical training, but why is it so difficult to practice and teach consistently? In this deep dive, Dr. Busti unpacks the foundation of EBM, the five A’s, and why application often falls short in practice. Drawing from his training at Oxford and years of teaching across medicine, pharmacy, and nursing, he highlights misconceptions, barriers, and practical strategies to bridge the gap between evidence, education, and patient care.This episode also uses a real-world case example—the ISIS-2 trial of aspirin in acute myocardial infarction—to illustrate how evidence should be und...
2025-09-2938 minThis Is Why with Dr. Busti
This Is Why with Dr. BustiWhat is EBM & EBM Terminology: Where Evidence Meets UnderstandingIn this kickoff episode on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Dr. Busti explains what EBM is—and what it isn’t. You’ll learn why the classic Venn diagram (evidence, expertise, and patient factors) matters, and how the "Five A’s"—Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess—create a practical framework for clinical decision-making. We also unpack related terms like evidence-based practice, practitioner, and expert, showing how they fit together and why balance between literature, training, and patient preferences is essential. Perfect for students and early-career clinicians ready to ground their practice in the why behind the how.Access the video plus b...
2025-09-2929 minThe Bull of Wall Street
The Bull of Wall Street#41 - Dr. Matthew Schwartz, MD and Dr. Thomas Dayspring, MD, FACP, FNLA on Cancer Innovation, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, and What Everyone Needs to Know (recorded 09/15/25)Health is wealth, and as advisors the impact we make extends beyond portfolios. In this two-part episode, Jimmy Lee first sits down with his good friend Dr. Matthew Schwartz, radiation oncologist and UNLV faculty member, to explore how proteomics is changing cancer treatment. Then Dr. Thomas Dayspring, one of the world’s foremost educators on lipids and mentor to Dr. Peter Attia, explains why cardiovascular disease remains the number one preventable cause of death, plus the simple blood tests and treatments that can save lives.Disclaimer: This episode is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical ad...
2025-09-151h 43Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareMeds After Acute Coronary SyndromeListen in as our expert panel discusses the latest recommendations for managing medications after heart attacks and other cardiac events. You’ll hear our panelists review which antiplatelets to use, the optimal blood pressure meds, and the role of statin and non-statin cholesterol meds.Special guests:Danielle Blais, PharmD, FCCP, BCCP, BCPSCardiology Lead Specialty Practice PharmacistRichard M. Ross Heart HospitalThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterJoel C. Marrs, PharmD, MPH., BCACP, BCCP, BCPS, FAHA, FASHP, FCCP, FNLAProfessor and Coordinator of Clinical OutreachThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy & Translational ScienceYou’ll also...
2025-09-0132 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareAntidepressant InsightsListen in as our expert panel discusses practical considerations for starting and optimizing antidepressants for treating depression and anxiety.  You’ll listen to panelists cover various aspects of antidepressant use, such as serotonin syndrome, QT prolongation, and weight gain concerns.Special guests:Tammie Lee Demler, BS, PharmD, MBA, BCGP, BCPP Director of Pharmacy and Residency Programs, New York State Office of Mental Health State University of New York at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sarah E. Grady, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPProfessor, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesClinical Pharmacist, Inpatient Behavioral Health Unit, Broadlawns Medica...
2025-07-0138 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareMeds for Alzheimer DementiaListen in as our expert panel discusses medications for the treatment of Alzheimer dementia.  They'll review the risks and benefits of cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and the anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies.  And you’ll hear strategies for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.   Special guests:Tatyana Gurvich, PharmD, BCGP, APhAssociate Professor of Clinical PharmacyMann USC School of PharmacyUCI Senior Health CenterCandace Pierce, DNP, RN, CNE, COINurse Educator, Nurse Planner, and Healthcare Leader, Colibri HealthcareDarlene Moyer, MD, FAAFPAssociate Director, HonorHealth Family Medicine Residency ProgramAssociate Professor of Clinical Practice – SOMME – Arizona State UniversityClinical Associate Professor – University of Arizona College of Medicine...
2025-06-0134 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareMedications for Opioid Use DisorderListen in as our expert panel discusses medications for management of opioid use disorder. They’ll review strategies to optimize buprenorphine use and clarify the role of methadone and naltrexone.Special guest:Tyler J. Varisco, PharmD, PhDUniversity of Houston College of Pharmacy Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and PolicyAssistant Director, The PREMIER CenterYou’ll also hear practical advice from panelists on TRC’s Editorial Advisory Board:Stephen Carek, MD, CAQSM, DipABLM, Clinical Associate Professor of Family Medicine for the Prisma Health/USC School of Medicine Greenville Family Medicine Residency Program at the Uni...
2025-05-0137 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareBronchitis and Pneumonia TreatmentIn this episode, listen in as our expert panel digs into identifying and treating acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia. They’ll discuss when antibiotics are appropriate, which antibiotics to use, and other management tips.You’ll also hear practical advice from panelists on TRC’s Editorial Advisory Board:Stephen Carek, MD, CAQSM, DipABLM, Program Director for the Prisma Health/USC School of Medicine Greenville Family Medicine Residency Program and Clinical Associate Professor at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine, GreenvilleAndrea Darby Stewart, MD, Associate Director, Honor Health Family Medicine Residency Program and Clinical Professor of Fam...
2025-03-0134 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CareAsthma and COPD TreatmentSpecial guest Lori A. Wilken, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP, NCTTP, AE-C, Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice at the University of Illinois, Chicago, joins us to talk about Asthma and COPD treatment.Listen in as we discuss answers to your big questions about treatment of asthma and COPD. You’ll also hear practical advice from panelists on TRC’s Editorial Advisory Board:Stephen Carek, MD, CAQSM, DipABLM, Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Prisma Health/USC-SOMG Family Medicine Residency Program at the USC School of Medicine GreenvilleAndrea Darby Stewart, MD, Assoc...
2024-10-0135 minMedication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient Care
Medication Talk - Expert Insights on Drug Therapy & Patient CarePrecepting: Helping Learners SucceedIn this episode, listen in as our expert panelists discuss tips for creating successful learning experiences for students and residents.  We’ll review various teaching tools and summarize strategies for incorporating learners into your practice. We’ll also discuss different approaches for providing meaningful feedback and managing challenging situations with learners.Our panel for this conversation includes: Andrea Darby Stewart, MD; Associate Director, Honor Health Family Medicine Residency Program; Clinical Professor of Family, Community & Occupational Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine – PhoenixMary Franks, MSN, APRN-FPA, FNP-C; Nurse Planner, NetCE; Adjunct Professor, Bradley University; Nurse Practitioner, Carle He...
2024-09-0147 minSouth African Border Wars
South African Border WarsEpisode 16 – Luanda’s “Death Road” leaves the FNLA in tatters and the CIA decides to up and offThis is episode 16 and we’re covering Operation Savannah which took place between October and December 1975. That was the invasion of southern Angola by the South African Defence Force in response to the outbreak of a civil war in the country involving the three main independence movements that had fought against Portuguese colonial rule. These were the MPLA, Unita and the FNLA. Our focus in this episode shifts in a while to the FNLA’s assault on the Capital Luanda. But first an update about the SADF. Brigadier Schoeman who was in char...
2021-06-1418 miniUniverse
iUniverseBrian Scott Edwards, MD, FNLA, S. T. Byra and Leo CauzilloiUniverse Radio order of interviews for show: 3:00-4:00PM EST 1. “The Chronic Disease of Obesity: How Sponge Syndrome Causes Repeated Weight Gain”; by Brian Scott Edwards, MD, FNLA 2. “One and One Is One: The Beginning”; by S. T. Byra 3. “They are Not Alone: Mythology or History”; by Leo Cauzillo
2019-06-1047 minThe Peter Attia Drive
The Peter Attia DriveTom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part V of V: Lp(a), inflammation, oxLDL, remnants, and moreIn this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part V, Peter and Tom talk about inflammation, endothelial health, and oxidative stress as they pertain to cardiovascular disease, and our attempts to monitor them using biomarkers. They also discuss a couple of very important risk factors that too few people (and doctors) know about. Tom closes the five-part series with a tragic story about his good friend that is likely all-too-common for many practicing...
2018-10-191h 29The Peter Attia Drive
The Peter Attia DriveTom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part IV of V: Statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, niacin, cholesterol and the brainIn this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part IV, Peter and Tom review the history and current use of drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease. They also discuss why some drugs appear to be more effective than others, an in-depth conversation about niacin, cholesterol and brain health, and the futility of using CKs (creatinine kinase) and liver function tests to identify adverse effects in statins, to name a few topics in this episode.
2018-10-182h 00The Peter Attia Drive
The Peter Attia DriveTom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part III of V: HDL, reverse cholesterol transport, CETP inhibitors, and apolipoproteinsIn this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part III, Peter and Tom dig into HDL, why "reverse cholesterol transport" is a lot more nuanced than what most of us are taught, lipid transport, apolipoproteins, and more. In addition, this episode highlights the complexity of HDL and a discussion about the CETP inhibitor trials. We discuss: Reverse cholesterol transport [1:40]; Lipid transportation, apolipoproteins, VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles [11:00]; Remnant lipoproteins and...
2018-10-171h 04The Peter Attia Drive
The Peter Attia DriveTom Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part II of V: Lipid metrics, lipid measurements, and cholesterol regulation In this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. In Part II, Tom provides a 101 on lipids and lipoproteins. Tom and Peter also discuss the history and techniques used to measure lipoproteins, and more.   We discuss:  Lipoprotein basics [1:30]; Gofman and the ultracentrifuge [5:15]; Lipoprotein structure, function, metabolism [6:45]; Lipoprotein and cholesterol measurement, and NMR technology [15:15]; LDL-C vs LDL-P and apoB [30:45]; Sterols and cholesterol synthesis [39:45]; and More. Learn more at www.PeterAttiaMD.com Connect with Peter on...
2018-10-161h 26The Peter Attia Drive
The Peter Attia DriveThomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA – Part I of V: an introduction to lipidologyIn this five-part series, Thomas Dayspring, M.D., FACP, FNLA, a world-renowned expert in lipidology, and one of Peter's most important clinical mentors, shares his wealth of knowledge on the subject of lipids. Part I serves as an introduction to Tom, his work, and an overview of lipid terminology. We discuss: Tom's recent and remarkable physical transformation [6:30]; The moving stories behind Tom's obsessions: firefighting, hockey, and, of course, lipids [20:30]; Tom's medical background [39:30]; Producing some of the most accessible diagrams on lipids [50:00]; What are the different kinds of lipids, what do they do, and how are they...
2018-10-151h 14