Shows
Rob Murray - Your Voice on Canmore CouncilGoing Grassroots to FireSmart CanmoreOn today's episode I talk about election signs (I have them! Who wants one?), learning from mistakes, and the amazing grassroots FireSmart work happening in Canmore.Read the full transcription here, and subscribe for updates in your inbox.
2025-10-0505 min
Sightline Institute Research"If One Path Is Blocked, Nature Will Find Another"
A Q&A with award-winning author John Vaillant on our new fire weather reality.
It's been a little over two years since you published Fire Weather - in other words, countless wildfires later and already well into a third "fire season" in Cascadia. Which wildfire stories have you followed most closely since? Or which have followed you?
The Sightline audience needs no convincing of the fact that climate change is driving increasingly deadly and destructive wildfires. But what are the key ways it's doing so? What does this mean for how communities experience and adapt to these wildfires compared to wildfires of the past?
Along with many analysts, we've been following the insurance industry as an "indicator species" of climate risks, watching as these corporations raise rates or pull out of markets altogether with disasters growing more frequent. It wasn't a focus of your book, but are there threads to that story you've seen that might surprise readers?
It wouldn'Editor's introduction: John Vaillant is a Cascadian icon. An award-winning and bestselling author residing in Vancouver, British Columbia, he has written gripping tales, both fiction and nonfiction, on the nuanced interfaces between people and nature.
Vaillant's 2023 Pulitzer finalist book Fire Weather: On the Front Lines of a Burning World recounted the harrowing 2016 megafire in the Alberta oil town of Fort McMurray, weaving in the histories of the oil industry, climate science, and the very technology of fire in human history. His account not only won international praise; it also drove urgent conversations about our new age of ultra-destructive, climate-fueled...
2025-08-2806 min
The PulseChief Acciavatti on Wesley Ridge Wildfire & Talking to Island Visitors"Send us a text about this episode!"This Episode Features:(08:55) Dashwood Fire Chief Nick Acciavatti provides a look at managing Vancouver Island's largest interface fire in history. From coordinating 300 firefighters across multiple agencies to implementing life-saving FireSmart principles, Chief Acciavatti shares how proper preparation and community support created a successful emergency response that saved hundreds of homes.(26:36) The PULSE hosts connect with visitors from around the world at Parksville's renowned sand sculpture exhibition. Featuring conversations with tourists from Holland, Alberta, Ontario, and beyond who share why Vancouver...
2025-08-2647 min
Forest InvestFire is a Fact, but it Can Be Managed – with Tony PesklevitsToday, I’m joined by Tony Pesklevits, Manager of Wildfire Prevention, Cultural and Prescribed Fire at the BC Wildfire Service. In this conversation, we explore how wildfire management in British Columbia (BC) is evolving to reflect a changing climate, forest ecosystems, communities in the wild-urban interface, and the resurgence of Indigenous fire management. Tony shares how fire has always shaped BC’s forests and how reintroducing “good fire” through cultural and prescribed burning is key to resilience. We cover what makes for an effective forest manager from a wildfire risk lens, the importance of collaboration across sectors, and how investor...
2025-07-2841 min
What On EarthHere’s how to fireproof your home. But can you afford it?Move the propane tank, clear the toys, replace the deck. When guest host Johanna Wagstaffe asks a FireSmart assessor for advice on safeguarding her home from wildfires, she’s left with a long to-do list – from simple to pricey. Then, we visit Canada’s first FireSmart community, Logan Lake, to hear how those efforts helped protect it from a mega fire. And we ask whether funding for wildfire prevention is keeping up with the growing risk.
2025-07-2629 min
Real Talk Ryan JespersenJasper: One Year After the FireIt's been a year since wildfire tore through Jasper, one of Canada's crown jewels. In this special episode, we connect with Mayor Richard Ireland (3:00), federal Minister of Emergency Management and Community Resilience Eleanor Olszewski (16:45), journalist Bob Covey (32:15), Tourism Jasper CEO Tyler Riopel (44:15), Fairmont JPL Director of Golf Operations Tahlon Sweenie (52:00), Evil Dave's Grill owner Mike Day (1:01:00), and Rockaboo Mountain Adventures' Lisa Darrah (1:09:00).
Don't miss a moving edition of #MyJasper Memories submitted by Real Talker Cait, including powerful photos of Jasper's recovery (40:50). MyJasper Memories is proudly presented by Tourism Jasper.
BOOK YOUR JASPER ADVENTURE: https://www.j...
2025-07-241h 38
The Get FireSmart Podcast46: “What it Takes to Be FireSmart” Guest: David McIlwraithIn this episode of the Get FireSmart Podcast, guest host Dan Stevens, FireSmart Education and Outreach Coordinator at FNESS, sits down with David McIlwraith, FireSmart Coordinator for the Sunshine Coast Regional District, to explore what it really takes to build a wildfire-resilient community. Drawing from real-world examples and firsthand field experience, David shares some valuable lessons on the power of grassroots movements, community engagement, and adaptive problem-solving. From local organization collaborations to regional partnerships, this conversation covers what’s worked well, what’s been challenging, and why buy-in from both residents and decision-makers is essential for...
2025-07-1028 min
Cabin TalksCan we Firesmart our way off diesel?What if all the foliage we clear to protect northern communities from wildfires was turned into biomass? This researcher at the Canadian Forest Service says by "collecting less than one percent of the biomass identified at high risk of wildfire, most communities could completely replace their annual fossil fuel needs." Now, he's looking for communities to take part in a pilot.
2025-07-0517 min
The Mike Smyth ShowBuying ferries from China, Chronic offenders, & Being more FireSmart!Is BC Ferries in the right for buying new vessels from China?
What to do with chronic property crime offenders?!
How to be a little more FireSmart this summer! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
2025-06-2742 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast45: “Climate Change & Wildfire: A New Reality” Guest: Dr. Kira HoffmanIn this episode of the Get FireSmart Podcast, we’re joined by Dr. Kira Hoffman, Fire Ecologist and Researcher at the University of British Columbia, to explore what it means to live with fire in a changing climate. Hosted by FNESS FireSmart Researcher, Helena Marken, this conversation dives into the science of fire-adapted landscapes, the growing role of Indigenous-led fire stewardship, and the evolving impact of climate change on wildfire behaviour in Canada. Dr. Hoffman shares her passion for prescribed fire, her insights from community-based projects, and reflects on receiving the Lynn Orstad Award. Listen to...
2025-06-0530 min
This MorningTime to WinThis Morning - With Guest Host: Courtney Theriault
0:40 - Courtney & Morley open the show.
6:25 - The '88-zero'. Your city. Your world. Your weather. In 88 seconds. And we Zero in on one topic: election debrief - w/David Akin in Toronto
14:20 - The balance between buying Canadian & avoiding American - The real cost to Canadians... - Bruce Winder, Retail Analyst & Author
22:05 - A parent council group is trying to build a playground at Garth Worthington School & are holding a...
2025-04-291h 24
Cortes CurrentsFiresmarting Rainbow RidgeRoy L Hales/ Cortes Currents - There hasn't been a major wildfire on Cortes Island for decades, but this could change as our summer’s grow hotter and drier. The Rainbow Ridge Affordable Housing project is being designed with this in mind.
“The main idea is to try to have more of a FireSmart community and get rid of the conifers that are much more prone to embers catching fire and then catching the neighbor's houses and vehicles on fire, like we saw in the California fires this winter,” explained Mark Lombard, speaking on behalf of the Cortes Housing Society.
“We're al...
2025-03-2403 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast44: “Understanding Cascading Hazards” Guest: Armel CastellanIn this episode of the Get FireSmart Podcast, we’re joined by Armel Castellan, Warning Preparedness Meteorologist with Environment and Climate Change Canada. With a diverse career spanning aviation meteorology, Arctic weather, Indigenous collaboration, and emergency management, he brings a unique perspective to wildfire resilience. In this episode, we explore the intricate relationship between weather, wildfire, and health, diving into topics like cascading hazards, the rising frequency of extreme weather events, and their immense impacts on vulnerable populations. Join us as Armel shares insights from his keynote presentation at the 2024 Wildfire Resiliency and Training Summit, highlighting the ro...
2025-01-2336 min
Inner PowerThe Human Spark: Why Wildfires Are Getting WorseHuman-caused wildfires are on the rise, intensifying risks to
communities and nature. Discover effective wildfire prevention
strategies and solutions to address this growing crisis.
In this Article:
What role do humans play in causing wildfires?
How has fire management history shaped today’s wildfire crisis?
What impact does climate change have on wildfire intensity?
Which strategies can help prevent human-caused wildfires?
Why is it critical to rethink our relationship with fire?
by Alex Jordan, InnerSelf.com
Continue Reading:
https://innerself.com/social/environment/31313-human-caused-wildfires.html
🌍 Empowering Minds, Inspiring Change
InnerSelf.com is your trusted resource for over 30 years, delivering
25,000+ artic...
2025-01-1405 min
InevitableWildfires, Floods and Extreme Heat: Why Climate Adaptation Matters with Intact CentreKathryn Bakos is the Managing Director of Finance and Resilience at the Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, an applied research center within the faculty of Environment at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Our conversation today is all about the inevitable impacts of climate change, including floods, wildfires, and heat waves in particular, as these phenomena are Kathryn's main focus. We talk about the increasing severity of each of these, the preventative efforts that individuals and communities can each take to avoid their worst effects and how risk and insurance industries are navigating these perils. And lastly, w...
2025-01-061h 01
Bright FutureEp. 40: Blair Feltmate on Adapting to our Changed ClimateClimate change is one of the most vexing challenges facing our world. That the climate is changing is increasingly clear. But greenhouse gases are still spewing into the atmosphere. Temperature thresholds are being passed years earlier than predicted. So, what, if anything, can we do about it? My guest this episode has dedicated his life to sustainability but for Dr. Blair Feltmate, Head, Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo the focus is on adaptation and resilience to climate impacts. Blair talks about why focusing on adapting to climate change needs to be a bigg...
2024-12-1744 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast43: “Coast-to-Coast Wildfire Resilience” Guest: Kara McCurdyThis episode of the Get FireSmart Podcast features Kara McCurdy, Wildfire Mitigation Program Manager for Halifax Regional Fire and Emergency Services and one of the 2024 Lynn Orstad Award winners. With over 30 years of experience as a forest technician, structural firefighter, and fire behaviour analyst, Kara brings extensive expertise and passion to wildfire mitigation. In this episode, we discuss the transformative power of FireSmart principles, Kara’s keynote presentation at the 2024 Wildfire Resiliency and Training Summit, lessons from her incredible career in Nova Scotia, and her vision for the future of wildfire resilience. Don’t miss this conversation with one...
2024-11-2630 min
Old Fashioned On PurposeS16: E6: How to Prepare Your Homestead for WildfireWyoming has been on fire lately... and while our homestead hasn't been in danger, we've had plenty of grassfires in our surrounding area. As such, I've been thinking a lot about how we can better prepare our property, our animals, and ourselves in the event of a fire. I'm joined today about wildfire mitigation specialist Madison Huges to discuss this and more. Join us as she shares how we can prepare our homesteads for fire, how to create an evacuation plan for our animals, the benefits of wildfire, and how intensive grazing (which you're probably already doing) c...
2024-11-1858 min
Growing Up FireGrowing Up Fire - Kara Firesmart in Nova ScotiaGreat talk about Firesmart and wildfires in Nova Scotia
2024-10-2554 min
Fort McMurray Matters on play 103.7It's hot, let's help out, and the new FireSmart TrailEnvironment Canada lets us know when the heatwave ends.
Stepping Stones Youth Centre puts out the call for donations.
And the FireSmart Interpretive Trail is now open.
2024-08-0626 minReal Talk Ryan JespersenThe Jasper Wildfire: EXPLAINEDWe go behind the scenes of the Jasper wildfire: how did it start, why did it grow so quickly, and how did crews manage to save 60% of the town, including most of the Jasper Park Lodge? Plus, we fact check the role the mountain pine beetle played in the blaze, and learn what communities across the country need to do to prevent future disasters.
3:20 | His childhood home is gone. The church he was baptized in...gone. Parkland County Fire Chief Brian Cornforth joins us, just back from Jasper where he and his crew worked to save critical...
2024-07-301h 20The Get FireSmart Podcast42: “A FireSmart Future for Indigenous Communities” Guest: Aislinn GentlesMany Indigenous communities—particularly those in remote locations—are immensely vulnerable to the threat of wildfire. FireSmart represents one pathway towards wildfire resilience that Indigenous communities may choose to adopt, often blending and working with established cultural fire practices and land stewardship initiatives. To discuss her experiences and the process of integrating FireSmart into an Indigenous community, we sat down with Local FireSmart Representative Aislinn Gentles, currently working as the OHS & Emergency Program Manager for Saulteau First Nations. Through our conversation, we learn how she has worked with Saulteau First Nation in the integration of FireSmart and how these prog...
2024-07-2429 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast41: “One Wildfire, 10,000 Heroes” Guest: Jason BrolundIn this episode, we speak with Jason Brolund, Fire Chief of West Kelowna. Through our conversation, we discuss his experiences with the devastating 2023 McDougall Creek wildfire and the important lessons learned from a difficult wildfire season. As a fire professional with decades of experience, Chief Brolund emphasizes the effectiveness of proactive preparedness through FireSmart principles, the power of clear communication with community members, and the importance of building relationships with other fire professionals and industry specialists. Through strong relationships, communication, and collaboration, Chief Brolund and his team were able to rally an army of 10,000 professionals to battle the...
2024-06-2640 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast40: “Forecasting Fire” Guest: Matt MacDonaldIn this episode, we sit down with Matt MacDonald, Lead Fire Weather Forecaster with the Predictive Services Unit for the BC Wildfire Service. Through our conversation, we dive into his background and learn what a day in the life of the Lead Fire Weather Forecaster looks like. As an experienced meteorologist and weather professional, Matt explains how temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction come together to influence the potential for ignition, rate of spread, and intensity of wildfires. He also touches on the importance of FireSmart actions and how they can help residents navigate the...
2024-06-1934 min
Cortes CurrentsScreening of 'The Test' on Cortes Island ThursdayRoy L Hales/ Cortes Currents - Screening of ‘the Test’ On Cortes Island Thursday
Male voice: “I’ll vividly remember there was a very large wall of flame methodically marching towards Logan Lake and a huge column of smoke coming off of that and looking down at these cul de sacs and thinking, ‘wow, they look so small.’ And in my mind, all I could think was that this is either going to be a great day for Logan Lake, or a horrible day.”
Female voice: “What inspired the first activities in Logan Lake was fear.”
Second female voice: “We’re a small community o...
2024-06-1905 min
Cortes CurrentsFireSmart is coming to Cortes, June 11 to 13Roy L Hales/ Cortes Currents - The Strathcona Regional District will be carrying out FireSmart assessments on Cortes Island between Tuesday, June 11, and Thursday June 13. This is a free evaluation of the exterior of your home and surrounding yard, which usually takes about an hour.
“I started doing home assessments across the Strathcona Regional District in January. I have come to Cortes a few times to do public education and have tagged on some home assessments. I was just there in May for emergency preparedness week, and through that we had quite a few requests to come back for home assessm...
2024-06-0708 minFort McMurray Matters on play 103.7Driving, FireSmart Rebates, Construction SeasonThere's a Learner's License driving course beginning in Fort McKay next week.
Is your home eligible for FireSmart rebates?
It's construction season in Fort McMurray, and we hear about the projects underway.
2024-05-3124 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast39: “United Against Wildfire” Guests: Vic Upshaw & Craig MooreIn this special two-guest episode, we speak with Vic Upshaw, the response support supervisor for FNESS, and Craig Moore, the founder and president of Rider Ventures, to explore their extensive experience in the world of wildfire resilience and response. Through our conversation, we learn about the importance of collaboration between communities, the BC Wildfire Service, and other organizations in protecting our province from the growing threat of wildfire. With over 60 years of combined experience, Vic and Craig have learned that close collaboration at all levels allows us to pool our knowledge, skills, and resources to create a unified...
2024-05-3155 min
Thinking Out Loud with Sheldon MacLeodAfter the wildfires— lessons on being preparedIt’s been almost a year since the devastating wildfires in Halifax and Shelburne Counties. The Barrington Lake fire — the largest wildfire in recorded history of the province and the Tantallon fire — one of the most expensive. Kara McCurdy recently left her role as a Fire Prevention officer with Natural Resources and Renewables for a similar role with Halifax Fire and Emergency Services. She was also presented with the Lynn Orstad Award for preventing wildfire and advancing community resiliency. As she moves into her new role with HRFE, McCurdy discusses the FireSmart program and some of the lessons l...
2024-05-0709 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast38: “Preparing for Wildfire Season” Guest: Dan StevensWe're excited to feature Dan Stevens, a FireSmart BC education and outreach coordinator from Chase, BC. Dan works with First Nations’ Emergency Services Society and has a passion for wildfire education, bringing his strong background of engaging with communities all across the province on the importance of FireSmart and wildfire preparation. In this episode, we talk about getting ready for wildfire season: what to do, how to prepare, and how we can increase collaboration and training across the province to improve our resilience together. Links:Learn more abo...
2024-04-0532 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast37: “Understanding Fuel Management” Guest: Pete LaingToday’s discussion features Pete Laing, superintendent of fuel management with BC Wildfire Service. This episode unpacks his 33-year history in fire response and fuel management, discussing fuel types, the difference between good fire and bad fire, and the work that BC Wildfire Services does to protect BC communities. We'll learn about how fires move, the impact that has on fuel behaviour, and how to be more resilient. Pete has built his entire career on fire, and this episode is a valuable exploration of his lessons and insights. Links:
2024-03-2143 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast36: “The FireSmart BC Education Program” Guest: Amanda Reynolds and Warren WoytuckIn this special two-guest episode, we dive into the FireSmart BC Education Program and how it initially took shape, featuring two key players in the process. Amanda Reynolds is the FireSmart supervisor with FNESS, and Warren Woytuck works as the director of the Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Get to know Amanda and Warren and their passion for wildfire resilience and education, and dive into the story of how the FireSmart Education Program was created to empower teachers and parents as they raise and educate the next generation of FireSmart British Columbians. L...
2023-12-2148 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast35: “Understanding and Restoring Active Fire Regimes in BC” Guest: Jen BaronJen Baron is a transdisciplinary ecologist and researcher with the Pacific Institute of Climate Solutions (PICS) Wildfire and Carbon Project and Canada Wildfire Strategic Network, with a focus on wildland fire, data science, and disturbance and landscape ecology. In this episode, we discuss Jen’s background, the history of fire in BC, and the importance of understanding and restoring active fire regimes in BC. Links:Learn more about FireSmart BC: firesmartbc.caLearn more about Canada Wildfire: https://www.can...
2023-11-3026 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast34: “The Digital Transformation of Fire Safety Education” Guest: Christina HangerChristina Hanger works in community engagement for the Country Fire Authority in Australia. She was one of the keynote speakers for the 2023 Wildfire Resiliency and Training Summit, and in this episode, we further unpack what she shared during her presentation. We specifically explore how Australia continues to invest in community engagement, awareness, and education on wildfire resiliency, and how BC can learn from their example. Christina is passionate about raising awareness and giving back to communities impacted by wildfires. This episode was recorded live at the 2023 Wildfire Resiliency and Training Summit.
2023-11-3037 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast35: “Understanding and Restoring Active Fire Regimes in BC” Guest: Jen BaronJen Baron is a transdisciplinary ecologist and researcher with the Pacific Institute of Climate Solutions (PICS) Wildfire and Carbon Project and Canada Wildfire Strategic Network, with a focus on wildland fire, data science, and disturbance and landscape ecology. In this episode, we discuss Jen’s background, the history of fire in BC, and the importance of understanding and restoring active fire regimes in BC. Links:Learn more about FireSmart BC: firesmartbc.caLearn more about Canada Wildfire: https://www.can...
2023-11-3026 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast33: “Impactful Wildfire Preparation with FNESS” Guest: Wayne SchnitzlerIn today’s exciting episode, we have the privilege of speaking with Wayne Schnitzler, the Executive Director of the First Nations Emergency Services Society (FNESS). Wayne started his 35-year career in fire service in 1979 with the City of Surrey as a volunteer firefighter, and has since been a Captain of Training, Fire Chief, and received provincial and federal exemplary service awards for 20, 25, 30, and 35 years of fire service. He has also received Citizen of the Year in 2009 and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. This episode explores Wayne’s role in FNESS and how the organization is working to buil...
2023-10-2749 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast32: “What We Can Do in the Face of Wildfires” Guest: Daniel BerlantThis impactful episode introduces Daniel Berlant, the Acting State Fire Marshal and Deputy Director of Community Wildfire Preparedness and Mitigation at the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). We learn what his organization is doing to address the increasing threat of wildfires and how residents can participate. From actionable steps for residents to community involvement programs to global partnerships, this episode is an inspirational look into how far we’ve come globally in addressing wildfires and how we can all contribute to a safer, more resilient future for everyone.This episode wa...
2023-09-1959 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast31: “Igniting Global Unity in Wildfire Response” Guest: Mike McCulley, BC Wildfire Service (Part 2)In our second conversation with Mike McCulley, we dive into his experience at the 2023 Wildfire Resiliency and Training Summit. Mike is a Research and Innovation Senior Officer at BC Wildfire Service and has worked for the BC Ministry of Forests for 28 years. He’s currently leading the BC Wildfire Service Research and Innovation program. This episode explores Mike’s takeaways from the conference—the people he spoke to, the lessons he learned, and a deeper understanding of his background and why he loves this line of work. For Mike, it all comes down to people and establishing relationships so tha...
2023-09-0731 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast30: “Connecting Data and People in Wildfire Resiliency” Guest: Mike McCulley, BC Wildfire Service (Part 1)Mike McCulley is a Research and Innovation Senior Officer at BC Wildfire Service. In today’s episode, we begin the first of two parts and dive into Mike’s career on the front lines of wildfires. Mike specializes in working with both data and people—which are two things your average person doesn’t often think about when considering a wildfire. He shares stories of impact that stood out to him during his career, significant lessons learned, and the importance of FireSmart and wildfire resiliency. Mike has worked for the BC Ministry of Forests for 28 years and is currentl...
2023-08-2942 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast29: “Partners in Progress” Guest: Fire Chief Brian Hutchinson, District of North Vancouver Fire and Rescue ServicesThis episode features Brian Hutchinson, Fire Chief for the District of North Vancouver. In our conversation with Chief Hutchinson, we speak about his personal background, his passion for wildfire and his focus on training and developing his team and community to become more resilient to wildfire. This episode also highlights his involvement as the host fire department of the 2023 Summit and he touches on how the conference came to be, the planning it took to bring it to life over the past two years as well as the focus on the main theme - Partners in Progress.
2023-07-3138 min
Markets PlusThe Canadian Wildfires Are Still Burning: Experts ExplainBy the end of June, Canada was already experiencing its worst wildfire season in recorded history. In an effort to address the impact these events are having on the country, George Sutherland, Senior Advisor, Climate Change & Sustainability with the BMO Climate Institute, sat down with Mike Flannigan, the B.C. Innovation Research Chair in Predictive Services, Emergency Management and Fire Science at Thompson Rivers University, and Ray Ault, Director of Prevention and Mitigation with FireSmart Canada. Listen now.Links:
FireSmoke Canada
FireSmart Canada
Canadian Wildland Fire Information System
2023-07-2720 min
Sustainability LeadersThe Canadian Wildfires Are Still Burning: Experts ExplainBy the end of June, Canada was already experiencing its worst wildfire season in recorded history. In an effort to address the impact these events are having on the country, George Sutherland, Senior Advisor, Climate Change & Sustainability with the BMO Climate Institute, sat down with Mike Flannigan, the B.C. Innovation Research Chair in Predictive Services, Emergency Management and Fire Science at Thompson Rivers University, and Ray Ault, Director of Prevention and Mitigation with FireSmart Canada. Listen now.Links:
FireSmoke Canada
FireSmart Canada
Canadian Wildland Fire Information System
2023-07-2621 min
EWN - Engineering With Nature2023—The Worst Wildfire Season in Canada—What Can We Learn About Prevention?In late June, while preparing for this episode, there were over 500 wildfires burning across Canada. Smoke from the wildfires was affecting millions of Canadians and Americans across a wide swath of North America with air quality indexes reaching extreme levels. As of the posting of this episode (July 25, 2023), the number of wildfires burning across Canada had grown to over 1000 with 660 classified as “out of control”. Our timing to have a conversation about wildfires with a prominent Canadian scientist could not have been more relevant. In Season 6, Episode 4, host Sarah Thorne is joined by cohost Jeff...
2023-07-2540 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast28: “Women in Wildfire Resiliency” Guests: Brittany Seibert & Deanne Suddaby, 2023 Lynn Orstad Award RecipientsThis special episode features Deanne Suddaby and Brittany Seibert, both proud recipients of the 2023 Lynn Orstad Award. In our conversation today, we speak with Deanne and Brittany about their professional background, their personal passion for wildfire, and their experience building their careers focused on wildfire resiliency. Brittany Seibert is currently the Emergency Program Coordinator for the City of Penticton as well as working with the BC Wildfire Service as a Structure Protection Specialist. Brittany was grateful to be recognized for her impactful work through the Lynn Orstad Award. She is also deeply honoured to be...
2023-07-2140 min
The CFISFM ArchivesAfter Nine Thursday July 13th 2023Host: Trudy Klassen
segment 1: Rachel Woodhurst, FireSmart BC
segment 2-5: Katherine Carlson, Central BC Railway & Forestry Museum
2023-07-1557 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast27: “Insights on Wildfire Behaviour and Activity” Guest: Dr. Mike Flannigan, Thompson Rivers UniversityIn this episode, we are joined by Dr. Mike Flannigan from Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, British Columbia. As an award-winning researcher and leading expert on wildfire behaviour and landscape fire modelling, his research goals include developing methods to help predict when and where extreme fire weather may arise and exploring the development of early warning wildfire notification systems. His passion for fire and weather has led him to work directly with the BC Wildfire Service to help predict wildfire activity and behaviour and assist them in preparing for and responding to wildfires in the province.
2023-06-2246 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast26: “The Future of Fire” Guest: Robert Atwood, Hummingbird Drones & Fire AIAs an entrepreneur and former firefighter, Robert has spent his career building tools and solutions to increase access to information by firefighters, fire managers and decision-makers. He is passionate about the way new technologies can better inform decision-making, safety and public expenditure. Also, fire. He loves fire.In this episode, Robert discusses the impact that technology can have on fire and how it can assist in fighting wildfire including remotely piloted aircraft systems and wildfire intelligence fire drone mapping. He also shares stories from his background in firefighting and how it led him to kickstart his own c...
2023-06-0950 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast25: “A Career on Fire” Guest: Mike Morrow BC Wildfire ServiceMike Morrow is a Wildfire Prevention Officer who has worked with the BC Wildfire Service for over four decades. Since his first role as an auxiliary silviculture tech, his career has taken him across the province, including Nakusp, Port McNeill, Vanderhoof and Cranbrook.In this episode, Mike shares stories from working on the front lines and reflects on his vast experience in the wildfire landscape, including some unique projects he has participated in. He also shares his outlook on how the industry has changed over the years and the importance of adopting FireSmart principles to live in...
2023-04-0550 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast24: “Reigniting Cultural Burning Through Painting” Guests: Peter Holub & Sarah SigurdsonIn this episode, we interview two guests; Peter Holub, Wildfire Prevention Officer with BC Wildfire Service, and Sarah Sigurdson, co-owner of Cariboo Art Beat, a Williams Lake art collective and studio. This discussion highlights how BC’s history of fire suppression has led to a loss of Indigenous culture and an increased risk of wildfires. Because of this, younger Indigenous generations did not grow up with fire and were disconnected from this generational practice, relying on elders to learn about good fire and its ability to clean and manage the land.Peter and Sarah discuss how...
2023-02-2848 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast23: “Reigniting Indigenous Cultural Burning: A FNESS Feature” Guest: Dave PascalIn this episode, we interview Dave Pascal, a Cultural & Prescribed Fire Specialist with the First Nations Emergency Services Society (FNESS). Dave discusses the importance of cultural and prescribed fire in British Columbia and the work he's doing to revitalize these practices with First Nations. This is a great episode to learn more about the meaning and difference between cultural and prescribed fire, as well as the many ways FNESS is working to assist Nations with funding, burn site identification, and resource management.Links:Connect with Dave and the FNESS team at https://www.f...
2023-01-1140 min
Life with FireCommunity Resilience with Firesmart Canada Program Manager Magda ZacharaIn our third and final episode from the International Association of Wildland Fire conference in Edmonton, Alberta, we spoke with FireSmart program manager Magda Zachara about Firesmart's objective to build scalable wildfire prevention and mitigation programming across Canada. Magda spoke about Firesmart's programming and the ways they've build more engagement with communities that want to improve fire resilience and home hardening. To learn more about Firesmart Canada, check out their website. Click here to donate to our Patreon—for a limited time, those who donate at the $20 level this month will receive a Life with Fire...
2022-11-2917 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast22: “A Community Focused Approach to Forests and Wildfire” Guest: Jennifer Gunter, British Columbia Community Forest AssociationIn today’s episode, we are speaking with Jennifer Gunter, the Executive Director of the British Columbia Community Forest Association (BCCFA). In our conversation with Jennifer, we dive into what a Community Forest is, how the association came to be and the role they play in forest land management in communities all across the province. This is a great episode to learn more about Community Forests, the role of collaboration, and the role that FireSmart plays in our communities and in our ecosystems.This episode was recorded live at the FireSmart BC conference in Kamloops, BC...
2022-11-2337 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast21: “Managing Fire on the Landscape in Banff National Park” Guest: David Tavernini, Parks CanadaIn this episode we are joined by David Tavernini, Fire Management Officer for Parks Canada in the Banff Field Unit.This episode allows listeners to learn from an expert who works in one of the most beautiful areas in all of Canada. We discuss how fires broaden the landscape, and also the different practices and tools that are used through FireSmart principles, including the use of Prescribed Fire. This episode was recorded at the FireSmart BC Conference, which took place in May of 2022 in Kamloops, British Columbia.Links:Learn more about P...
2022-10-0631 min
The SpokenWeb PodcastListening to Fire Knowledges in and around the Okanagan ValleyThis month, the SpokenWeb Podcast features an episode created by our former supervising producer and project manager Judith Burr. This audio is part of Judith’s podcast, “Listening to Fire Knowledges in and around the Okanagan Valley,” which she produced as her master’s thesis at UBC-Okanagan. While Judith was working on The SpokenWeb Podcast, she was also working on the research methodology of making a podcast as thesis and on the compiling of interviews and tape that would become the sound of this representation and intervention in ecological thinking. The episode features a number of Judith’s interviews about livi...
2022-10-031h 00The Get FireSmart Podcast20: “The Importance of Communications in Wildfire Preparedness” Guest: Forrest TowerIn this episode we speak with Forrest Tower, Communication and Engagement Specialist and Fire Information Officer with the BC Wildfire Service. In our conversation with Forrest, we discuss the behind-the-scenes of the BC Wildfire Service, including the processes, systems and tools that the organization uses to communicate with the public regarding the threat of wildfire. This is a great episode to learn about the different tips, tricks, and responsibilities that everyone has in preparing your home and community to become FireSmart.Links:Learn more about BC Wildfire Service: https://www2.gov.bc...
2022-08-2646 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast19: "The Impact of FireSmart on the Forest Ecosystem" Guest: Erik LeslieToday we are speaking with Erik Leslie, a forestry consultant based out of Nelson, British Columbia. In our conversation, we unpack Erik’s presentation from the FireSmart BC Conference, where he speaks about the value of community forests and the forest ecosystem. This episode, with an expert who has built his career in forestry, looks at both the risks and realities of fire and covers the value of collaboration and innovation as well as discusses how forest types and FireSmart principles can really make a difference. Links:Learn more about FireSmart BC: https://fire...
2022-08-1132 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast18: "Incident Investigations & the Importance of FireSmart" Guest: Jack BlairToday, we are speaking with Jack Blair from the Office of the Fire Commissioner. In our interesting conversation with Jack, we discuss his personal background, his history in fire and wildfire, and his lessons learned from evaluating and investigating multiple fire events throughout the Province and Western Canada. Jack also shares about the role that FireSmart plays in protecting homes and communities. This is a great episode to learn more about fire investigation, how fire moves, as well as the impacts and influence of FireSmart principles.Links:Learn more about FireSmart BC: https://f...
2022-07-061h 04
Policy and RightsSupporting climate preparedness and adaptation in BCPeople in British Columbia will be better protected from the impacts of wildfires, flooding and extreme heat through the actions included in the new Climate Preparedness and Adaptation Strategy.The strategy includes actions across ministries supported by $513 million of investment to ensure British Columbia is prepared for climate impacts in the near term, while setting the foundation for future action.“Last year’s extreme weather left no doubt that British Columbia is directly experiencing impacts of the climate crisis,” said George Heyman, Minister of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. “We’re making record investments to recover from last...
2022-06-2138 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast17: "The Technical Details of Fire" Guest: Jack CohenToday on the show we speak with Dr. Jack Cohen, a Research Physical Scientist and one of the most renowned and experienced voices on the FireSmart program. We chat with Jack regarding his experience with fire, what he’s learned, and what we can learn by looking at past fires. This episode also covers how homeowners can be prepared, and the importance of FireSmart education and engagement.Dr. Jack Cohen has been involved in wildland fire research since 1972 and was a research scientist at US Forest Service fire laboratories in Missoula, MT, Riverside, CA and Macon, GA. Dr...
2022-06-161h 05The Get FireSmart Podcast16: "Learn about the Importance of the Home Ignition Zone from a FireSmart Expert" Guest: Alan WesthaverIn today’s episode, we have a special guest, Alan Westhaver. In this conversation, Alan discusses his history with FireSmart, his vast Wildland Urban Fire experience, as well as some of the interesting progress he’s seen over the years within the industry. The podcast episode dives specifically into the home ignition zone, as well as the recent report he was instrumental in bringing to life: An Examination of the Lytton, BC wildland-urban fire destruction. Alan shares what he and his team learned, what recommendations they have and some of the insights they gathered throughout their research and i...
2022-05-3048 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast15: “Preparation, Prevention, and Emergency” Guest: Darren WilkinsonIn this episode of the podcast, we focus on the theme of preparedness. During the conversation, Darren Wilkinson, Senior Wildfire Officer of Operations, shares his personal experience with wildfire, the importance of preparation, as well as the value and effect that FireSmart principles can have on responding to wildfires.Darren has been in the wildfire industry for years, and he has vast experience in leading teams and managing high-risk situations. His role includes preparation for the wildfire season and during the season, Darren works closely with Incident Management Teams, as well as the four fire zones, and...
2022-05-131h 01The Get FireSmart Podcast14: “Learn about FireSmart Plants and Process” Guest: Karla HoffmanWith the launch of the FireSmart BC Landscaping program this week, we also have the exciting launch of another plant-focused episode on the podcast! In this episode, we speak with Karla Hoffman, Resident FireSmart Landscaping Expert. In our conversation with Karla, we discuss all of the different landscaping resources including the FireSmart BC Plant Program and the Plant Tool. We cover what it is, how it came to be and how everyone all across British Columbia can utilize this program. This is a great episode for everyone to learn about the importance of preparing your home with t...
2022-04-2152 minGrowing Up FireGrowing Up Fire - Lou Wilde and Patrick McConnellWildfire, Firesmart, disaster stories from Western Canada
2022-04-011h 07The Get FireSmart Podcast13: "A FireSmart Garden: Learn From the Best" Guest: Brian MinterWe have a special episode this week featuring Brian Minter from Minter Country Garden! On the show, we chat with Brian about his history in gardening and his passion for people all across BC. He also shares about the importance of gardening, as it relates to FireSmart and how homeowners can make smart decisions around their garden, and vegetation landscape. This is a great episode to learn from one of Canada’s most experienced gardeners about how to protect your home and protect your province. A recipient of the ‘Order of Canada’, the ‘Order of British Columbia’ and an ‘Hon...
2022-03-3051 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast12: "What is Cultural Burning & Prescribed Fire" Guest: Tony PesklevitsToday on The GetFireSmart Podcast we have a special and important episode, speaking with Tony Pesklevits from the BC Wildfire Service. In our conversation, we discuss the topics of Cultural Burning and Prescribed Fire. Throughout the show, we cover how fire can be used as a tool, the different benefits it can bring to a landscape, as well as its role in community protection. We also chat with Tony about the history of Cultural Burning and Prescribed Fire, how it is implemented, why it is used, and what makes it important to our province.For more information...
2022-03-2351 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast11: "FireSmart BC Celebrating Success: The FireSmart Coordinator" Guest: Brittany SeibertIn this episode, we speak with Brittany Seibert, the FireSmart Coordinator for the City of Penticton. On the show, we chat with Brittany about her role as she explains the responsibilities of a FireSmart coordinator and how she works to mitigate wildfire damage in one of British Columbia’s highest risk areas. It’s a great episode to learn more about the FireSmart BC Program, Neighbourhood Champions as well as the importance of preparation and proactive work to increase wildfire resiliency.Learn about the FireSmart Canada Neighbourhood Recognition Program (FCNRP): https://firesmartbc.ca/firesmart-canada-neighbourhood-recognition-program-fcnrp/Wondering how...
2022-02-2539 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast10: "Partner Spotlight: FESBC & BC FireSmart Committee" Guest: Gord PrattToday on the show we speak with Gord Pratt, Operations Manager for the Forest Enhancement Society of BC (FESBC). In our episode we discuss Gord’s background, we chat about what is FESBC as an organization, and we also dive into FireSmart and the FireSmart BC Committee. This is a great podcast to learn from a professional forester, a wildfire fighter, and someone that is deeply passionate about FireSmart. Our conversation with Gord really dives into all aspects of the FireSmart Program and is a great example of how the program is moving BC forward to be a more re...
2022-01-2852 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast09: “Introducing the Home Partners Program” Guest: Joel HamiltonOn the Show today we provide an overview on the Home Partners Program. What it is, who it is for, the benefits and how the program works. We speak with Joel Hamilton on his background and get into detail about the key “need-to-knows” about HPP as well as covering some important Q&A topics. This is a great episode to learn more from an experienced Wildfire Mitigation Specialist about an important program that helps protect from the threat of wildfire.
2021-10-2252 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast08: "Logan Lake. A FireSmart Case Study" w/Doug Wilson (Logan Lake Fire Chief)On this episode we dive into the story of Logan Lake and their experience with fire this summer. We chat with Doug Wilson (Logan Lake Fire Chief) to share the behind-the-scenes of how FireSmart worked to help save a community.
2021-09-1039 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast07: "The Importance Of Being Educated And Prepared For Wildfire" Guest: Jennifer RiceToday on the GetFireSmart Podcast we speak with Jennifer Rice, the Parliamentary Secretary of Emergency Preparedness for BC. On the show we discuss the current state of British Columbia and the importance for everyone to be engaged, prepared and educated on the threat of wildfire. 2021 has started off as a record year in reference to dry conditions and active fires and we discuss what people can do to get prepared and take action. We discuss with Parliamentary Secretary Rice the threat of wildfire as a true reality in British Columbia. We discuss why it is important to be educated...
2021-07-2823 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast06: "The Speed & Risk of Wildfire and How to Prepare" Guest: Larry WatkinsonThere is no time to get complacent. Fire moves fast and there are key action items homeowners and communities can take to be proactive. We dig into Larry’s deep experience and some of the lessons he has learned and seen. We briefly discuss the Christie Mountain Fire and how even though 2019 and 2020 were considered slower seasons it can change quickly and preparation is everything.
2021-07-1545 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast01: "A Fire That Changed A Community" Guest: Bryan Reid (Timber Kings)On this episode, we speak with Bryan Reid from Timber Kings to learn about the devastating fires from 2017 in Williams Lake, British Columbia. We speak with Bryan about the impact the fire had on his business and his community. We learn how fast fire can move and the devastating effect that it can have on anything it touches. We learn from Bryan firsthand regarding how the fire moved quickly and the importance of having your home prepared in advance before you hear about the risk. An important episode from a powerful story.
2021-04-0933 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast02: "What Is FireSmart?" Guest: Kelly Johnston (FireSmart Canada)On this episode, we speak with Kelly Johnston from FireSmart Canada to learn what FireSmart really is. Kelly helps us unpack the terminology, process, and science behind FireSmart. We discuss the importance of FireSmart and some of the things that all homeowners should consider when evaluating their property for the risk of wildfire. We dig into the science and history of fire and learn about Kelly’s unique career. This is a great episode to learn the details behind the FireSmart Program for anyone looking to take action. Dig in and learn from an expert on FireSmart.
2021-04-0937 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast03: "Defending A FireSmart Home From Wildfire" Guest: Rob DombowskyOn this episode, we speak with Rob Dombowsky from the BC Wildfire Service regarding the fire in Squamish in 2020. Rob was the wildfire management lead and guided the response team in their effort to save some of the structures and homes threatened by the wildfire. Rob shares powerful stories and examples regarding the impact of FireSmart on saving several properties on the frontlines. Rob provides insights into what he looks for as a wildfire leader regarding what structures have the ability to be saved and ones that most likely cannot. This is a great episode to learn the powerful...
2021-04-091h 02The Get FireSmart Podcast04: "How Does FireSmart Work And What You Can Do" Guest: Amanda Reynolds (FireSmart BC)On this episode, we speak with Amanda from FireSmart BC regarding what FireSmart is and how it works. We chat with Amanda about her career journey and what drew her to FireSmart and the impact it has on communities across British Columbia. In our conversation Amanda shares details behind the FireSmart Neighborhood Recognition Program and the 7 steps to becoming a FCNRP. This is a great episode that dives into a variety of FireSmart topics and helps our listeners learn how to get involved in FireSmart and why it is important for everyone to take responsibility. In our conversation, we...
2021-04-0955 minThe Get FireSmart Podcast05: "How Does Fire Think And Act?" Guest: Dana Hicks (BCWS)On this episode, we speak with Dana Hicks from the BC Wildfire Service regarding how to understand, forecast, plan and prepare for the threat of wildfire. As a Wildfire Prevention Specialist in Prince George, it is Dana’s job to try and predict what fire is going to do and where it is going to go. We take the time to discuss with Dana about his history and experience with fire. We discuss how the BC Wildfire Service prepares for a fire season and how Incident Management Teams work. Dana shares details and background regarding what is the “Fire Dang...
2021-04-091h 01
Yukon, On the MargeFiresmartPamela knew something about everything and knew it better than everyone else. That's how they found out about the firesmarting.
2019-11-1500 min
La science simplifiéeLa recherche sur les feux de forêt (Éléments naturels)Gérer les feux de forêt, c’est essentiellement trouver un équilibre entre le bon et le mauvais. Marc-André Parisien du Service canadien des forêts nous explique la recherche que fait Ressources naturelles Canada pour améliorer notre compréhension des feux de forêt et aident à en gérer les risques et les avantages.
Système canadien d’information sur les feux de végétation: http://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/accueil
Feux de forêt – Ressources naturelles Canada: https://www.rncan.gc.ca/forets/feux-insectes-perturbations/feux/13144
FireSmart Canada: https://www.firesmartcanada.ca/ (en anglais seulement)
2019-05-2107 min
Simply ScienceResearching Forest Fires (Natural Elements)Managing forest fires is all about balancing the good and the bad. Richard Carr from the Canadian Forest Service explains the type of research that Natural Resources Canada conducts to better understand forest fires and help manage both the risks and benefits.
Canadian Wildland Fire Information System: http://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/home
Forest Fires – Natural Resources Canada: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/fire-insects-disturbances/fire/13143
FireSmart Canada: https://www.firesmartcanada.ca/
2019-05-2108 min
Talking ForestsForestry Men Who Rock: Christian Kirsch - Episode 34Christian Kirsch has 22 years of solid experience in forestry. 15 years of experience running a small forestry business. He has in-depth knowledge of the principles and practices of forestry, including best management practices, water quality, tree and shrub selection, planting, pre-commercial thinning, harvesting, and sustainability.
He also owns Kirsch Forest Management Location Coeur d Alene Idaho where he has done:
• Managed timberland for private land owners, which entailed procurement, marketing, cruising, property line identification, sustainable harvest management plans and following the best management practices for water quality.
• Numerous direct timber sales for Idaho Department of Lands...
2019-05-2032 min
YourForest#61-Firesmart, A New Paradigm with Laura StewartWildfires are becoming more and more of a problem for modern society. In the past decade, we have seen an unprecedented increase in the number of catastrophic fires. Climate change has lengthened the fire season, increased temperatures, and increased severity and longevity of droughts. These new conditions drastically increases the probability of catastrophic fires, as is evident by the community destroying fires we have seen in the last 8 years in California, British Columbia and Alberta. Firesmart is a way to protect your home and community from these threats…and it works. Laura Stewart is the President of Firesmart Canada and ca...
2019-04-2400 min
The Squamish Sound#12 Another proposal for Brohm Ridge? Plus property tax rates have been setWe're taking Friday off, but don't worry. You still get to hear us in time for the Easter holiday — and earlier!
Garibaldi at Squamish isn't the only one proposing a development at Brohm Ridge. We talk about the possibility of a wilderness lodge in the area.
Full story: https://bit.ly/2VcNWQB
Property tax rates have been set. Yes, it sounds like snoozer, but we tell you why it should be keeping you wide awake.
Full story: https://bit.ly/2DlMFMR
Finally, your average well-kept house may be a lot more flammable than you think. We run through the FireSmart tes...
2019-04-1910 min
DTFF: The Volunteer Firefighter Podcast - Down To Fight FireE34 - Spring Into ActionSpring is here and with it comes some changes! In this episode we discuss our first grass fire of the year, flood prep, FireSmart principals and some tips on how we prep ourselves and our trucks for the season.
Hey Fire Family, please don't forget to Share, Like, Subscribe and visit us on our Facebook Page at www.facebook.com/VFFPodcastDTFF/ to do the same! If you have a subject that you would like us to discuss, a question that you would like to ask or if you would like to be ON the next Episode, then...
2019-04-0147 minDTFF: The Volunteer Firefighter Podcast - Down To Fight FireE16 - 3 Firefighters 1 HoseNozzles and Hose Lines and Doors OH MY! We discuss the tactics and approach of a three person attack team along with some tricks that we use to keep everyone in the loop both in and outside of the structure.
Topics Discussed:
- Nozzle Patterns
- Hose Movement
- Door Control
- FireSmart Canada
- Bumping Up
- Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC)
Hey Fire Family, please don't forget to Share, Like, Subscribe and visit us on our Facebook Page at www.facebook.com/VFFPodcastDTFF/ to do the same! If you have a subject that you would like us to discuss...
2018-11-2654 min
YourForest#40-Pelican Mountain Fire Research with Dave Schroeder and Dan ThompsonWildfires seem to have become more of a problem for communities in recent years. With so many rural towns and municipalities surrounded by forest land destined to burn it has become apparent that Firesmart activities are needed to keep them safe. Firesmart is a management system that helps reduce wildfire risk. The pelican mountain project is a research site dedicated to testing wildfire activity through different types of vegetation management. Basically they are doing a bunch of different things to the landscape and setting it on fire to see what happens. From different mulching techniques, pruning and other methods they...
2018-07-1200 min
Emergency Preparedness in Canada (EPIC) PodcastE17 - We Didn't Start The Fire - Being FireSmart As A Community ResponsibilityEPIC Podcast (Emergency Preparedness in Canada) brings you a quick hazard-specific episode on wildfire mitigation, in which we discuss the FireSmart program!
All this and more on this episode of EPIC Podcast - Current, Relevant, Canadian
2018-05-1018 min
CONNECT older episodesFireSmartFireSmart is living with, managing for wildfires and preparing for the threat of wildfire. There has been a large amount of wildfires already this summer, so Laura Stewart, the President of FireSmart Canada, is on with Angela to chat about what is being done to keep people and places safe.
2017-07-2619 min