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Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroEpisode 112: Financing Mines: The Investment Bank Role. Part 2With more than 35 years of industry experience, Bob Jankovic our Snowden Optiro Executive Consultant brings first-hand insights from both the mining and banking sides of the table - mining companies and the capital markets. Together, our General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Bob discuss the value investment banks add to project development, the skills technical professionals bring to finance, and how junior miners can attract the right kind of attention. Whether you’re an executive, a consultant, or just curious about how major mining projects get funded, this episode has something for you. Key Moments 0...2025-05-2813 minFresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroPodcast 111: Reading Between the Lines. Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, our General Manager Tarrant Elkington is joined by our Principal Consultant Matt Walker to explore what really goes into ASX announcements of Mineral Resource Estimates (MREs). They discuss the minimum reporting requirements under the JORC Code, the role of the Competent Person, and common red flags to watch for - such as unconstrained estimates, overuse of superlatives, and misleading imagery. Whether you're a geologist, mining professional, or investor, this episode offers practical insights into how MREs are prepared, reported, and interpreted - it will help you...2025-05-2122 minFresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroEp 110: Financing Mines - what banks really look forWhat do banks look for before funding a mining project? In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington is joined by our Executive Consultant Bob Jankovic to explore the technical side of mining finance. With over 35 years’ experience across North and South America, and deep expertise inside major banks, Bob offers a rare look behind the scenes of what lenders expect from feasibility studies, resource models, and risk assessments. Whether you're preparing to raise capital or just curious about the lending landscape, this is a must-listen for anyone involved in mine development....2025-05-1515 minFresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroEp 109: Part 2 - Resource Classification in PracticeIn this episode of Fresh Thinking, Senior Consultant Dr Gregory Zhang and Executive Consultant Ian Glacken explore more advanced mineral resource classification methods. Building on Part 1, they discuss the widely used 90/15 approach, delve into the role of scorecards, and discuss how classification should go beyond drill spacing alone. A practical conversation for geologists, resource modellers, and anyone involved in technical reporting. This podcast at a glance: 00:45 – What is the 90/15 approach and how is it applied? 02:50 – Production volumes and how they link to confidence levels 05:00 – Why drill spacing alone isn't enough2025-05-0713 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro108: Processing the Risk: Metallurgy in Mining Due DiligenceIn this episode of Fresh Thinking, Dr Tarrant Elkington Snowden Optiro's General Manager, speaks with Dr Leon Lorenzen about the critical role of metallurgical and processing due diligence in mining projects. They explore how process plants are evaluated, why throughput is often a hidden risk, and the challenges of forecasting performance in both operating and new mines. Whether you're reviewing an acquisition or building a new operation, this discussion provides valuable insight into identifying red flags and understanding the real-world complexity behind the numbers. This podcast at a glance: 00:20 – What due diligence really means in a...2025-04-3015 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro107: Unlocking Gold - tackling refractory oresIn this Fresh Thinking episode, we’re discussing one of mining’s toughest technical challenges: refractory gold ores. Dr Tarrant Elkington, Snowden Optiro General Manager sits down with metallurgical expert Dr Leon Lorenzen to explore why some gold refuses to come quietly, and the high-stakes processing paths needed to recover it. From pressure oxidation to bioleaching and ultrafine grinding, this episode uncovers the costs, complexities, and future of refractory ore treatment. If you're a geologist, metallurgist, or investor—this one's essential listening. This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Welcome & Introduction 00:45 – What is re...2025-04-2213 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro106: Practical Realities of Resource ClassificationIn Episode 106 of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultants Ian Glacken and Graeme Lyall discuss the practical realities of mineral resource classification. This episode explores current best practices and highlights the importance of combining data-driven methods with geological insight. Whether you're a junior or major, this conversation will help sharpen your classification strategy and confidence levels. This podcast at a glance: ⏱️ 00:15 – Why resource classification matters across global reporting codes ⏱️ 01:55 – Introduction to the 90-15 approach for confidence-based classification ⏱️ 04:00 – The dangers of the “spotted dog” effect and how to avoid it ⏱️ 05:21 – C...2025-04-1618 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro105: The Hidden Lever in Mine PlanningIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken interviews Senior Mining Consultant Pedro Ladeira on a topic that’s often overlooked—but critically important: fixed costs in strategic mine planning. This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Introduction: Why fixed costs matter in mine planning 01:00 – How variable costs are typically applied in mine plans 02:20 – What are conditional fixed costs and why they matter 03:50 – Impact of fixed costs on strategic planning and scheduling 05:10 – Reclaiming low-grade stockpiles and the role of fixed cost reduction 06:30 –...2025-04-1010 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro104: Cut-Off Grades - Small Number Big ImpactIn this episode of Snowden Optiro's Fresh Thinking podcast, host Pedro Ladeira (Senior Consultant) is joined by Hamish Guthrie (Managing Consultant, Mining Engineering) to explore the critical role of cut-off grades in mining. From defining what a cut-off grade is to explaining how it's applied across different operations and project stages, they discuss the strategic, economic, and technical factors that make this small number a big deal. If you would like to contact either Hamish or Pedro: contact@snowdenoptiro.com This Podcast at a Glance 🕒 0:21 – Why cut-off grade is a criti...2025-04-0910 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro103: Tin, Copper and Cornish IngenuityDiscover how Cornwall's rich mining history shaped the global mining industry. In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken chats with Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall about the legacy of Cornish mining. From tin and copper to tungsten, they explore the region’s innovations, the export of mining expertise worldwide, and what the future holds for mining in Cornwall. If you'd like to connect with Laurie Hassall and Ian Glacken, please email them: contact@snowdenoptiro.com This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Introduction to the episode and guests 00:48 – Why Cornwall became...2025-03-2710 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro102: Cleaner - Quieter - SaferDiscover how battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are transforming underground mining operations. In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Managing Consultant Hamish Guthrie chats with Principal Consultant Sarah de Vries about the significant safety and health benefits of battery-operated vehicles (BEVs)—improved air quality, lower heat, reduced noise, and less vibration. They also discuss the challenges of transitioning to electric fleets and the future of mine electrification. This podcast at a glance: 0:00 – Introduction 1:00 – Why are mining companies moving towards BEVs? 1:40 – How BEVs improve underground air quality and OHS 2...2025-03-2009 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro101: Machine Learning - Case Study101: Machine Learning – Case Study In this podcast, Susan Havlin, Managing Consultant APAC and Dr Gregory Zhang, Senior Geology Consultant discuss the application of machine learning for geological domaining in Resource Estimation, with specific reference to a project that Dr Gregory Zhang worked on. This podcast at a glance: 1.21 A case study using the k-means algorithm 0.55 Why was an alternative approach needed? 2:10 What is the k-means algorithm and why is it suitable? 3:10 What steps were used to apply k-means to the data set? 4...2025-03-1309 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro100: A thorny and divisive topic!In this episode, Ian Glacken our Executive Consultant in Perth, Australia discusses the thorny and divisive topic about whether we should be trying to minimise conditional bias in an estimate or should we be striving for a better idea of grade/tonnage relationship at the time of mining? Ian is joined in this discussion by Graeme Lyall our Executive Consultant who is based in Santiago, and Dr Oscar Rondon, Principal Geostatistician Datamine. 1:26 This podcast video at a glance 3:03 What is conditional bias 4:19 Schools of thought about conditional bia...2025-03-1115 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro99: Modelling & Managing Resource DepletionIn this episode, Susan Havlin, our Managing Consultant – Geology, and Gregory Zhang, our Senior Geology Consultant, discuss the advantages of developing customised internal tools to tackle technical challenges. They illustrate this with a case study on accurately modeling and managing resource depletion. This podcast video at a glance: 00:10 Introduction 01:06 Why is it so difficult? 02:18 Errors involved in using the traditional approach 02:45 Applying these methods 03:53 The solution 09:33 Lessons learned If you'd like to connect with Susan and Gregory, please email them: contact@snowdenoptiro.com...2025-02-2711 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro98 - Pre-Feasibility StudiesIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall and our EMEAA Regional Manager Julian Aldridge discuss the critical steps in moving from a Pre-Feasibility Study to a Feasibility Study, focusing on refining project concepts and ensuring economic viability. This podcast at a glance: 00:15 Introduction 00:38 Difference between PFS and FS 02:20 Various steps for a Pre-Feasibility Study 05:51 The changes when progressing to a Feasibility Study 09:23 Costs and time allocation for Pre-Feasibility and Feasibility Studies 10:00 Permits 11:45 Risks of not doing a Pre-Feasibility Study Join our experts as...2025-02-2013 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro97 - Recoverable Resources versus Recoverable Reserves PART 2In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Consultant Jan Graham continue their deep dive into recoverable resources. In Part 2, they tackle localisation, LUC vs. MIK, SMU estimate misconceptions, and what engineers really need to know. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:46 Issues with localisation and its importance 02:05 The main localisation method 04:11 How does it work with LUC and MIK? 04:49 How is it different with simulation? 05:33 MIK and localisation 06:19 Main issues associated with the LUC or LMIK 06:28 Common SMU estimate misconceptions2025-02-1310 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro96 - Geometallurgical SamplingIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall discusses geometallurgical sampling, from collection to data analysis and ore body understanding.. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:15 Introduction 00:20 Geometallurgical sample collection 02:35 The next stage of sample collection 03:40 Data analysis and interpretation 04:25 Understanding geomet campaigns Join our expert as he explores the topic of 'Geometallurgical Sampling' in the episode 96 of the Fresh Thinking podcast. If you'd like to connect with Laurie, please reach out to them at contact@snowdenoptiro.com. This podcast episode...2025-02-0505 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro95 - Recoverable Resources versus Recoverable Reserves PART 1In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Consultant Jan Graham delve into the key concepts of recoverable resources, examining their purpose, estimation techniques, practical applications, and how they differ from recoverable reserves. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:50 Recoverable resources and their purpose 02:05 Main recoverable resources methods 04:30 Applicability in open pit vs. underground scenarios 06:20 Explanation of the information effect 07:50 Distinction between recoverable reserves and resources Join our experts as they explore the topic of Recovery Resources versus Re...2025-01-3110 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro94 - Inside Large Open Pit Mine PlanningIn this episode, Danny Tolmer and Gordon Webb explore the complexities of planning and optimising large open pit mines, from defining their scope to tackling long-term challenges and strategic decision-making. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction to the topic 00:30 Definition of large open pit mines 01:20 Optimisation challenges for large pits 02:30 Selecting pit shells with NPV insensitivity 03:40 Common discount rates for large mines 04:20 Impacts of discount rate choices 05:20 Complexities in large pit operations Join our experts as they explore the topic of The Importance of Pit Phasing i...2025-01-2307 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro93 - Panel Discussion on Mine Electrification – its impact on strategic mine planningIn this special episode, recorded at the Datamine Strategic Mine Planning Symposium 2024, we’re doing something a little different to enhance your listening experience. Instead of our usual two-speaker format, we’ve brought together a panel of four industry experts to share their collective knowledge, insights, and real-world experiences on one of the most transformative trends in mining: Mine Electrification. The panel host is Tarrant Elkington – Snowden Optiro General Manager and the speakers are, Sarah de Vries – Snowden Optiro Principal Consultant, Phil Morriss – Snowden Optiro Executive Consultant, and Gavin Mann – Principal Mining Technology South 32. As the mining i...2025-01-201h 01Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro92 - DetrendingIn this episode, Susan Havlin, our Managing Consultant Geology and Gregory Zhang, our Senior Geology Consultant explore the impact of trends in resource data, methods to identify and address them, and advanced techniques like principal component analysis and universal kriging to improve estimation accuracy. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:10 Introduction 00:55 Why trends in data matter 01:42 Common methods to identify trends 03:45 Problems caused by trends in estimation 04:30 Mitigating trends with search parameters 05:25 Principal component analysis and universal kriging 07:55 Applying these methods 09:00 Universal kriging explained 10:45 Using these methods v...2025-01-0914 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro91 - Declustering TechniquesIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Senior Consultant Dr. Gregory Zhang discuss declustering techniques, their practical applications, and how to address challenges in resource validation. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:30 The reason to decluster data 01:30 Explanation of how cell declustering works 02:05 Key uncertainties and parameters in cell declustering 03:51 Defining volume in polygonal declustering 06:30 Issues with using nearest-neighbour estimates for declustering 08:10 Solutions for addressing problems with nearest-neighbour models 08:50 Limitations of declustering algorithms and ways to address them 10:45 Summation o...2024-12-1912 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro90 - Trolley AssistIn this episode, our experts Tarrant Elkington, General Manager, and Sarah de Vries, Principal Consultant, discuss trolley assist technology and its applications in mining. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:45 What is trolley assist? 01:45 Experience with trolley assist 02:40 Worldwide use of trolley assist 03:00 Challenges and hurdles for implementation 04:20 Suitability for different mine configurations 05:50 Diesel versus power cost considerations 08:10 Integration with battery technology 09:40 Underground applications 11:00 Challenges unique to underground use Join our experts as they explore the topic of Trolley Assist in the episode 90...2024-12-1212 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro89 - Managing mining studiesIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Consultant Frank Blanchfield delve into effective management of mining studies. They explore the purpose of mining studies, essential success factors, the timing of supporting studies, and practical tips for navigating the entire process. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:50 Purpose of doing mining studies 02:10 Key aspects of a successful mining study 04:55 Logistics and timing of supporting studies 09:00 Types of mining studies beyond scoping, pre-feasibility, and feasibility 10:00 Advice for managing mining studies effectively 12:00...2024-12-0514 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro88 - Underground Mine ElectrificationIn this episode, our experts Tarrant Elkington, General Manager, and Sarah de Vries, Principal Consultant, discuss the latest advancements in underground mine electrification, including emerging technologies, ventilation and health benefits, economic considerations, and the challenges of transitioning to battery-electric equipment in mining operations. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:50 What is mine electrification? 01:45 What are some of the newer technologies for mine electrification? 03:15 Is it possible to remove almost all diesel from an underground mine? 04:15What are the ventilation benefits of electrifying underground mines? 06:45 Is it economically viable to...2024-11-2810 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro87 - Cut-off Grades - PART 2In this episode, Julian Aldridge, Managing Consultant - EMEAA, and Laurie Hassall, Senior Consultant, discuss the critical factors and strategies for managing mining operations near cut-off grades, focusing on efficiency and optimisation. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:50 Challenges Near the Cut-Off Grade 02:50 Managing Dilution 04:20 Role of Grade Control 06:00 Cost Implications of Mining Near Cut-Off Grades 07:12 Innovative Solutions Join our experts as they explore the topic of Cut-off Grades in the episode 87 of the Fresh Thinking podcast. If you'd like to connect with Julian or...2024-11-2108 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro86 - The Importance of Pit Phasing in Open Pit Mine PlanningIn this episode, Danny Tolmer, Regional Manager - North America, and Gordon Webb, Senior Consultant - Mining, explore the critical aspects of open pit mine planning, focusing on pit phasing strategies, optimisation techniques, and the challenges involved in designing efficient, cost-effective phases. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction to Open Pit Mine Planning and Pit Phasing 01:30 Overview of Open Pit Mine Planning Process 04:10 Explanation of Phases and Their Importance 05:30 Criteria for Choosing Phases 06:50 Sizing Each Phase 09:00 Challenges in Phase Design 10:30 Typical Number of Phases in a Pit 12:00 I...2024-11-1417 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro85 - Cut-off GradesIn this episode, Julian Aldridge, Managing Consultant - EMEAA and Laurie Hassall - Senior Consultant, explore how cut-off grades determine mining profitability by separating ore from waste based on costs and market factors. This podcast episode at a glance: 000:05 Introduction 00:15 Definition of cut-off grade 01:00 Impact of extraction costs on cut-off grade 02:30 Other variables affecting cut-off grade 03:20 Inclusion of capex in cut-off grade 03:50 Types of cut-off grades 04:36 Calculating cut-off grade for polymetallic ores 06:40 Role of recovery rates in dynamic cut-off grade Join our experts as they explore t...2024-11-0707 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro84 - Geometallurgical Modelling. Fresh Thinking PodcastIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall as he delves into the intricacies of geometallurgical data and modeling. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:15 Geometallurgical data usage 01:25 Modelling geological variability 02:35 Estimating processing metrics in block models 04:16 Assessing reliability in predictions Join our expert as he explores the topic of 'Geometallurgical Modelling' in the episode 84 of the Fresh Thinking podcast. If you'd like to connect with Laurie, please reach out to them at contact@snowdenoptiro.com. This podcast ep...2024-10-3105 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro83 - Key Insights into the Mineral Resource Review Processes - Part 2In this episode, our experts Tarrant Elkington, General Manager and Susan Havlin, Managing Consultant - Geology, take a deeper dive into mineral resource reviews, focusing on all the important processes and considerations that enhance the accuracy and reliability of mineral resource models. This is Part 2 of a two-part series. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 01:30 Mineral Resource Review of Data 02:45 Reviewing QAQC practices 03:45 Issues found in geological interpretation 04:15 Reasons for not considering geology 05:40 Key aspects of geostatistics 06:30 Focus areas in resource estimation process 07:45 Appropriate estimation methodologies 08:20 Co...2024-10-2416 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro82 - Review of Mineral Resources - OverviewIn this episode, our experts provide an overview of mineral resource reviews, discussing key processes and considerations for reviewing and improving the accuracy and reliability of mineral resource models. This is Part 1 of a two-part series, with Part 2 diving deeper into each process in detail. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:55 Experience in reviewing resources 01:15 Key aspects of resource reviews 02:05 Purpose of resource reviews 03:20 Process involved in resource reviews 04:10 Key elements to look for in a resource review 05:15 Typical outcomes of a resource review Join our e...2024-10-1707 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro81 - The History and origins of GeometallurgyIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall as he explores the historym origins and importance of geometallurgy in optimising metal extraction and reducing risk. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:21 Definition of Geometallurgy 01:50 History of Geometallurgy 03:10 Why Geometallurgy is popular now 05:20 Geological variability consequences 05:45 Importance of Geometallurgy Join our experts as they explore the topic of 'The History and Origins of Geometallurgy' in the episode 81 of the Fresh Thinking podcast. If you'd like to connect with Laurie, please...2024-10-1007 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro80 - What Mining Engineers Need to Know About Resource EstimationIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join our General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Senior Geology Consultant Dr. Gregory Zhang as they discuss how resource estimation methods impact mine planning and what mining engineers should know about understanding estimation models and their limitations. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:45 Motivation for discussing resource geology and mine planning 03:00 Common issues with resource models for mine planners 03:45 Limitations of resource models 06:45 Overview of resource estimation methods 07:30 The rule for waste inclusion in resource model 10:00 The use of recoverable resou...2024-10-0323 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro79 - Key Considerations for Resource Geologists Delivering Models to Mine PlannersIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join our General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Managing Consultant Susan Havlin as they delve into the crucial crossover between resource geologists and mine planning engineers, highlighting key considerations for resource geologists when delivering models to mine planners. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:45 Motivation for discussing resource geology and mine planning 01:45 Common issues with resource models for mine planners 03:17 What it means when resource models don’t consider mining engineers 03:55 Key elements that should be included in a resource model 05:30 Managing...2024-09-2614 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro78 - Commodity Series: Hard Rock LithiumIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant Andrew Scogings and Managing Consultant Susan Havlin discuss the complexities of hard rock lithium, covering key mineral variations, exploration indicators, and challenges in resource estimation and geological modeling. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 01:30 Lithium minerals: Variations and significance? 02:10 Mineral characteristics: Impact on lithium extraction? 02:56 Economic viability: Role of mineralogy in lithium deposits? 03:40 Exploration indicators: Key signs for lithium? 05:00 Mineralogical studies: Contribution to resource estimates? 06:30 Assaying techniques: Effects on l...2024-09-1910 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro77 - Draft JORC Code Update: Competent Person ChangesIn this episode, our Executive Consultants Ian Glacken and Michael Andrew discuss the proposed JORC Code changes to the competent person's regulation. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 02:11 Overview of changes 05:35 Pros and cons of the CV scheme 07:05 Validation of the CV of record and responsibility 09:10 Commodity experience for CP 10:40 Need for declaring sampling, QC, and analytical techniques in CV 11:30 Updates to CVs for each sign-off 13:10 Alternatives to resumes 15:00 Regulation and Requirements for CPD (Continues Professional Development) 17:33 Prevention of mining disasters and regulatory responses 2024-09-1222 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro76 - Mineral resource & reserve reporting for JSE-listed companiesIn this episode, Vincent Agnello, Principal Consultant, and Shepherd Kadzviti, Head of Advisory - EMEA, discuss key aspects of mineral resource and reserve reporting for JSE-listed companies, including compliance with section 12.13, annual reporting requirements, and ensuring adherence to JSE regulations. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:10 Introduction 01:30 Overview of public reporting for JSE-listed companies 02:00 Discussion about section 12.13 02:27 Compliance requirements 03:00 Additional compliance obligations 03:30 Key aspects of annual reporting 04:40 Required brief summaries in the report 05:45 Further details required in the report 07:10 Supporting documents for the report 07:40 Post-submission process 08:00...2024-09-0910 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro75 - The real role of a mine geologistIn this episode, our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and head of Advisory APAC Justine Tracey discuss what mine geologists do on a daily basis, their role in ensuring efficient mining, and provide tips for new mine geologists. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:55 Definition of a Mining Model 01:15 Process of Creating a Mining Model 03:20 Importance of a Mining Model 04:45 Modifications in a Mining Model – dilution and ore loss 06:15 Ways to incorporate dilution and ore loss into a mining model 09:30 Choosing the Right Application Method 12:30 Added Fields and Properties 16:30 Mode...2024-08-3012 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro74 - Mining the truthIn this episode, our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Head of Advisory APAC Justine Tracey discuss the importance of data quality in mineral resource estimation and how to manage and understand your data. This podcast video at a glance: 00:30 - Topic introduction 01:30 - Overview of podcast purpose 01:45 - Implications of using bad data for mineral resource estimate 02:10 - Definition of bad data 04:20 - Is bad data worse that no data 05:30 - Transition from good data to bad data 07:00 - Requirements for a maiden mineral resource estimate 08:05 - Other a...2024-08-2213 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro73 - Reconciliation Insights: Navigating the Draft JORC CodeIn this episode, our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Reconcilor Product Owner and Principal Consultant Rayleen Hargreaves discuss the Draft JORC Code with a focus on Reconciliation. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction and overview of Draft JORC Code 01:40 Stakeholders involved in the 2025 JORC Code 03:30 Definition of Reconciliation in the Draft JORC Code 04:30 Clarifications needed with Reconciliation terminology 05:45 Public consultation process and feedback 08:50 Historical vs. Production Reconciliation 15:30 Impact on Public Reporting Practices 16:40 Need for standardisation in Reconciliation Reporting 18:00 Importance of transparent terminology in Reporting 20:00 Potential...2024-08-1426 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro72 - Open pit mining model preparationIn this episode, our General Manager of Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington and Managing Consultant, Hamish Guthrie discuss the process of preparing open pit mining models and the challenges involved. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:55 Definition of a Mining Model 01:15 Process of Creating a Mining Model 03:20 Importance of a Mining Model 04:45 Modifications in a Mining Model – dilution and ore loss 06:15 Ways to incorporate dilution and ore loss into a mining model 09:30 Choosing the Right Application Method 12:30 Added Fields and Properties 16:30 Model Efficiency Adjustments Join our experts as...2024-08-1420 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro71 - Commodity Series: Nickel SulfideIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant and Principal Consultant Jan Graham explore the topic of Commodity Series: Nickel Sulfide. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:40 Experience with nickel sulfide deposits 01:30 Key types of nickel sulfide deposits 02:15 Estimation issues for structurally hosted deposits 04:40 Use of 2D modeling or seam modeling 07:20 Involvement with Nova Bollinger deposit 08:25 Estimation issues for disseminated mineralization 11:00 Geological models in nickel sulfide mines Join our experts as they explore the...2024-07-1712 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro71 - Commodity Series: Hard Rock LithiumIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant Andrew Scogings and Managing Consultant Susan Havlin explore the topic of Commodity Series: Hard Rock Lithium. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 01:30 Lithium minerals: Variations and significance? 02:10 Mineral characteristics: Impact on lithium extraction? 02:56 Economic viability: Role of mineralogy in lithium deposits? 03:40 Exploration indicators: Key signs for lithium? 05:00 Mineralogical studies: Contribution to resource estimates? 06:30 Assaying techniques: Effects on lithium oxide results? 07:50 Domaining challenges: Issues in pegmatite modeling? 08:30 Contaminants: C...2024-07-1011 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro70 - Decoding Compliance: JORC vs. SAMRECIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Johannesburg-based Principal Consultant Senzeni Mandava explore the topic of compliance, specifically the similarities and differences between Australian JORC Code and South African SAMREC Code. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:40 Brief comparison of SAMREC vs JORC and when they were updated 01:40 Explanation of a CPR 02:30 Mandatory items to be included in a CPR 03:50 Description of a Readers Panel 05:30 Overview of regulations in Australia 07:20 Comparison of Table 1 in SAMREC vs JORC2024-07-0311 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro69 - Exploring African Mining: Insights from Local PresenceIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune in as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Johannesburg-based Principal Consultant Senzeni Mandava share insights on industry trends in her local context, discuss ongoing projects, and explore African resource dynamics. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 01:00 Overview of Johannesburg office and key roles 02:20 Focus on Johannesburg Practice and daily operations 03:50 Initiatives for Professional Development 05:13 Insight into the Steelmaker’s Project and its unique aspects 09:30 Challenges encountered during site visits 11:30 Trends in Mineral Resources across Africa 14:10 Outlook on the...2024-06-2718 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro68 - Commodity Series - Gold DepositsIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune is as our Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Justine Tracey, Head of Advisory APAC discuss mineral resource estimation issues and intricates of gold deposits. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 01:10 Ian's Background and Experience with Gold 02:20 Justine's Experience with Gold Deposits 02:50 Key Issues in Estimating Gold Deposits 06:20 Estimating Disseminated Mineralisation in Intrusives 09:00 Challenges with Dual Commodity Mineralisation 10:25 Other Styles of Gold Mineralisation 12:00 Conclusion Join our experts as they explore the topic of Gold Deposits in the...2024-06-2012 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro67 - Mining Geology and Ore Control - Part 2In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune is as our Executive Consultants Ian Glacken and Craig Morley discuss the importance of value-based ore control, the evolving role of mining geologists, and the impact of AI and simulation in enhancing mining operations. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:55 Value-Based Ore Control 02:32 Geometallurgy and Its Importance 03:25 The Role of 21st-Century Mining Geologists 05:45 Simulation and Uncertainty in Mining 08:20 Future of Mining Geology and AI 10:30 Future Role of Resource Geologists and AI Join our experts as they explore...2024-06-1913 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro66 - Underground Mine Planning ProcessIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join us as our Principal Consultant Chris Jones and Allan Earl, Executive Consultant, exploring the topic of underground mine planning process. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:40 Recent Underground Projects 01:05 Underground Mine Planning and Design Process 01:50 Specifics for Scoping Studies 02:25 Mining Method Selection 03:40 Development Design Layout 04:30 Preliminary Stope Designs 05:10 Mining Schedule Setup 07:10 Schedule and Reporting 08:10 Conclusion and Future Topics Join our experts as they explore the topic of Underground Mine Planning Process in the episode 66 of...2024-06-0508 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro65 - Commodity Series - GoldIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join us as our International Regional Manager, Julian Aldridge, and Senior Consultant, Laurie Hassall, delve into the complexities of gold mining. This podcast episode at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 03:50 Geological Environments and Deposit Styles 07:15 Experience Required for QP/CP in Gold 08:40 Mineralogy and Metallogeny 10:35 Mining Styles for Gold 12:50 Key Areas for Gold Mining Around the World 14:30 Future Outlook for Gold 17:40 Use of Byproducts from Gold Mining Join our experts as they explore the topic of Commodity Series – Gold in...2024-05-3020 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro64 - Mining Geology and Ore ControlIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune is as our Executive Consultants Ian Glacken and Craig Morley explore the intricacies of mining geology, innovation and ore control. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:45 Discussing ore control and mine geology innovations 01:20 Problems and innovations: Example of high-impact, low-cost innovation 02:45 Integration of data innovation in ore control processes 04:10 Approaches to collaboration in mining operations 05:30 Innovative behavior and solutions in the mine value chain Join our experts as they explore the topic of Mining geology and Ore Control in...2024-05-2107 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro63 - Commodity Podcast Series – TinIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, tune is as our International Regional Manager Julian Aldridge and Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall explore the intricacies of tin mining. This podcast video at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:40 Explanation of what tin is and its application 02:35 The geological environments and deposits styles commonly associated with tin 04:40 Discussion about where tin deposits are found around the world 06:20 The metallurgical and mineralogical considerations related to tin 09:00 Explanation how tin is typically mined 09:55 Explanation how tin is typically estimate and special considerations to be aw...2024-05-1412 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro62 - Open Pit Mine Planning ProcessIn this episode, our General Manager of Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington and Managing Consultant, Hamish Guthrie discuss the open pit mine planning process. This podcast at a glance: 00:05 Introduction 00:52 Defining what an open pit mine plan entails. 01:10 Reason and motivation behind creating mine plans 02:00 Process of creating an open pit mine plan 03:50 Expected outcomes of a typical mine plan 04:50 Addressing the time required for completing a mine plan 05:55 Discussion of frequency of updating mine plans 06:55 Exploring whether the mine planning process varies across different commodities 08:30 Recapitulating the...2024-05-0809 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro60 - Commodity Podcast Series - CopperIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join our International Regional Manager Julian Aldridge and Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall as they discuss all the specifics of the copper mining commodity. This podcast at a glance: 00:08 Introduction 00:40 Explanation of what copper is and its application 03:07 The geological environments and deposits styles commonly associated with copper 04:30 Discussion about where copper deposits are found around the world 05:45 Discussion about untapped areas with future potential for copper deposits 06:25 Explanation of how copper is typically found through exploration and mined 08:20 The metallurgical a...2024-04-3016 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro59 - Commodity Podcast Series - TungstenIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join our International Regional Manager Julian Aldridge and Senior Consultant Laurie Hassall as they explore the nuances of working with the tungsten commodity. This podcast at a glance: 00:08 Introduction 00:45 Explanation of what tungsten is and its applications 02:18 The geological environments and deposit styles commonly associated with tungsten 03:50 Discussion about where tungsten deposits are found around the world 04:35 Explanation of how tungsten is typically found through exploration 06:00 The metallurgical and mineralogical considerations related to tungsten 08:20 How tungsten is typically mined 09:40 How...2024-04-2315 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro57 - Top Cutting Strategy for Resource EstimationIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Geostatistician Dr. Oscar Rondon as they explore the top cutting strategy for resource estimation. This podcast at a glance: Oscar introduces this podcast and the speaker Ian Glacken. 00:05 Oscar introduces this podcast and the speaker Ian Glacken. 00:57 Ian describes the importance of a top cut strategy in Resource Estimation. 02:55 Ian discusses the approaches used for selecting a top cut value. 06:25 Ian examines the alternatives to the mentioned approaches and their rationale. 12:05 Ian shares...2024-03-2714 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro58 - Technical Due Diligence for MiningIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Allan Earl, Executive Consultant as they discuss the mining aspects of Technical Due Diligence. This podcast at a glance: 0:10 Tarrant introduces the speaker, Allan Earl, and outlines the podcast topic. 1:00 Allan provides an overview of Technical Due Diligence in the mining industry. 2:35 Allan delves into the initial aspects considered when commencing a Technical Due Diligence review. 4:30 When all data is organized, Allan discusses the initial focal points, starting with underground mines. 12:00 Allan elaborates on the d...2024-03-2721 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro56 - Electrification of the Mining Process. Fresh Thinking PodcastIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join General Manager Tarrant Elkington and Danny Tolmer, Regional Manager for North Americas as they discuss the electrification of the mining process. This podcast at a glance: 0:04 Tarrant introduces the podcast and our speaker, Danny Tolmer. 0:58 Danny explores mine electrification and its connection to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. 2:36 Danny explores various technologies utilized for mine electrification. 2:38 Danny discusses technologies such as in-pit crushing, trolley assist, rail systems, hydrogen fuel cells, and battery electric. 4:46 Danny explains the reasons behind the reduction in...2024-03-1811 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro55 - Applications of Conditional Simulation - PART 2In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Geostatistician Dr. Oscar Rondon as they explore the applications of Conditional Simulation in a two-part series. This is the second final episode. 00:00 Ian introduces this podcast and the speaker Dr Oscar Rondon. 01:15 Oscar addresses the topic of Resource Classification in more detail. 02:00 Ian emphasizes the essential role of geological continuity and the need for expert consideration beyond simulation in the classification process. 02:55 Ian introduces the concept of using single realisation for simulations. 03:30 Oscar explains applications f...2024-03-0912 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro54 - Applications of Conditional Simulation - PART 1In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Executive Consultant Ian Glacken and Principal Geostatistician Dr. Oscar Rondon as they explore the applications of Conditional Simulation in a two-part series. This is the first episode. This podcast at a glance: 0:30 Ian starts the podcast, introducing the topic and explaining what Conditional Simulation means briefly. 1:35 Oscar talks about the concept of simulation, specifically focusing on the idea of the space of uncertainty. 03:22 Ian moves on to discuss applications of simulation, emphasizing the importance of the group of realizations. 03:50 Oscar c...2024-03-0613 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro53 - Conditional Simulation: What It Is and Why It Is Important.In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Technical Writer Kiara Allessio and Principal Geostatistician Dr. Oscar Rondon come together to discuss Conditional Simulation — exploring what it is and why it is crucial for Resource Estimation. This podcast at a glance: 00:00: Kiara introduces the episode and the speaker Oscar Rondon. 00:23: Oscar explains why Conditional Simulation matters for Mineral Resource Estimation. 01:00: Oscar stresses the importance of turning data into a Gaussian distribution after initial data analysis. 02:07: Oscar answers whether the transformation is needed for normally distributed data. 02:35: Kiara introduces different simulation methods av...2024-03-0509 minFresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroTechnical Due Diligence for Geology and Mineral ResourcesIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, our Managing Director Tarrant Elkington and Executive Consultant Michael Andrew discuss the topic of Technical Due Diligence and its role for geology and mineral resources. This podcast at a glance: 00:00: Tarrant introduces the episode and the speaker Michael Andrew 00:50: Mike provides a high-level overview of Technical Due Diligence for geology and mineral resources. 03:30: Mike talks about what he looks for when starting a Technical Due Diligence review. 05:50: The discussion turns to the priorities when all the data is organized and what elements are exa...2024-02-1919 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro50 - The Closure Problem–greater than the sum of its parts?In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Anthony Cook, Product Manager for Supervisor, and Oscar Rondon, our Principal Geostatistician, as they unravel the intricate world of the 'Closure Problem' in geosciences — exploring its impact on various processes and highlighting its critical importance. This podcast video at a glance: 00:48 – Oscar gives a brief overview of what the closure problem is. 02:26 – Anthony explores the potential issues that can arise if the closure is not taken into account. 03:00 – Oscar gives his view on why the closure problem is not more commonly discussed, even though it...2023-09-1407 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro49 - User Perspectives on Supervisor and Isatis SoftwareIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, join Anthony Cook, Product Manager for Supervisor, and Oscar Rondon, our Principal Geostatistician, as they dive into the world of Supervisor and Isatis software from a user's perspective. Discover how they leverage these tools in their resource estimation studies. This podcast video at a glance: 1:00 – Oscar discusses with Anthony his extensive experience using Isatis during his career in the petroleum and mining industry. 2:18 – Oscar explores Anthony's insights on using Supervisor. 2:53 – Anthony shares the components in Supervisor that he frequently relies on and why. 3:17 – Oscar de...2023-09-0607 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroData transparency across the mine value chainIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant at Snowden Optiro talks with Rayleen Hargreaves, Principal Consultant and Reconcilor Product Owner about the importance of data transparency across the mine vale chain, for achieving effective reconciliation. Both Rayleen and Ian are passionate advocates for continuous improvement via reconciliation across the entire mining value chain. This podcast video at a glance: 1:06 – How would you define data transparency and why is it important in the mining industry? 4:53 - What types of data are typically collected along the mine value chain? \...2023-07-0415 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroDOM – Declared Ore Mined - the pros and consIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Rayleen Hargreaves, Principal Consultant and Reconcilor Product Owner discusses Declared Ore Mined (DOM) with Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant with Snowden Optiro. What is the meaning of DOM, where does it fit in reconciliation, and what are the pros and cons of using DOM as one of the cornerstones of mine reconciliation are some of the topics discussed in this episode. Both Rayleen and Ian are passionate advocates for continuous improvement via reconciliation across the entire mining value chain. This podcast at a glance: 1:16 How...2023-05-1810 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroReconciliation and MoistureIn this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Rayleen Hargreaves, Principal Consultant and Reconcilor Product Owner discusses Reconciliation and Moisture with Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant with Snowden Optiro. Both Rayleen and Ian are passionate advocates for continuous improvement via reconciliation across the entire mining value chain. This podcast at a glance: 0:57 Why is moisture or contained water important in reconciliation? 3:32 Is there a reason some companies ignore the moisture factor? 6:36 Could we just take the moisture measurements at the plant? 8:56 How can we get a better mine moisture measurement? 11:15 How...2022-08-1114 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroReconciliation vs RescalingIn this episode, Rayleen Hargreaves, Principal Consultant and Reconcilor Product Owner discusses Reconciliation versus Rescaling with Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant with Snowden Optiro. Both Rayleen and Ian are passionate advocates for continuous improvement via reconciliation across the entire mining value chain. This podcast at a glance: 1:05 Definition of reconciliation 2:07 What is the differrence between reconcilation and rescaling 6:20 The pros and cons of rescaling data 8:55 Is there a commodity group leading the charge in best practice reconciliation or is it being driven from a company level? 10:45 Is there a value in rescaling...2022-07-2915 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro43 - IPCC - Inpit Crushing and Conveying - Part 2. Environmental and Economic gainsIPCC offers economic and environmental gains for mining companies. In this part 2 of a 2-part podcast series, Tarrant Elkington, Snowden Optiro's General Manager talks to IPCC expert Phil Morris about the technical details, applications and benefits of IPCC. This episode at a glance: 0:49 Types of IPCC: Pit rim/out-of-pit crusher - Fixed IPCC - Semi-mobile IPCC - Fully-mobile IPCC 3:22 Most suitable applications according to mine complexity 5:04 Possible to get rid of all trucks? 6:00 When looking for savings - retrofit and mine planning 7:54 Benefits of IPCC for both retrofit and at initial mine planning2022-05-2415 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroIPCC - Inpit Crushing and ConveyingIPCC offers economic and environmental gains for mining companies. In this podcast, Tarrant Elkington, Snowden Optiro's Global General Manager talks to IPCC expert Phil Morriss about the applications and benefits of IPCC. This episode at a glance: 0:53 Introduction of Phil Morriss (yes, that's him laughing in the background!) 1:16 Phil explains what IPCC is 2:38 Benefits of replacing trucks with IPCC 5:17 Economic/Unit cost savings 7:17 Environmental benefits - carbon footprint reduction 8:48 Key drivers to get best benefits from ICC 14:36 Anything against using IPCC? 16:50 Future of IPCC and its application If you would like to discuss the application o...2022-05-1319 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroEpisode 41: Economics of Project DevelopmentIn this podcast, Matt Mullins our Head of Advisory for Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia talks about the economics of project development - honing in on the 7 fundamentals of project success. This episode at a glance: 3:32 Strategic thinking, Pre-feasibility study and Feasibility study – any of these more important? 6:36 The 7 fundamentals of project success 9:32 Why are independent reviews so critical? 11:32 The 4 prime metrics 16:06 What rate of return to expect? Further reading: The Report Codes Listing rules of the Stock Exchanges AusIMM website: Guidelines for Te...2022-03-1618 min
Fresh Thinking by Snowden OptiroIncreasing productivity – a case studyThis is the first podcast from Matt Mullins, our Head of Advisory for Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. In this podcast Matt talks about his experience with creating value through increasing productivity. Matt’s vast knowledge, experience and the skills that he’s gained in his 40+ years in the mining industry, offer us invaluable information. This episode at a glance: 1:52 What are some of the big changes that you’ve witnessed over the past 40 years in the mining industry? 6:00 Capital efficiency ratio – how do you use it and measure it? 7:39 Was the...2022-03-1419 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro30 - Bulk assaying techniquesChoosing the right technique to analyse your samples is an important decision and new technology is changing the game. Dr Simon Dominy joins Ian Glacken, Director of Geology at Optiro, to discuss new techniques including photon assay. In this episode: 0:44 What do we mean by 'bulk' assaying? 2:05 Why use BLEG or leachwell? 4:31 Why is photon assay a breakthrough? 6:52 What other bulk assaying techniques should we be aware of? 9:58 Where can we go for more information? For more information: Contact Ian Glacken - Optiro Director of Geology: iglacken@optiro...2020-02-1711 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro29 - Bulk Sampling for Resource ValidationBulk sampling can help you get a more accurate idea of how much ore there is to be mined, but you need to have the scale to do it and know when it is appropriate. Dr Simon Dominy joins Director of Geology at Optiro Ian Glacken to discuss where he has seen it used well in the past. In this episode: 1:07 Why do we need to do bulk sampling? 2:12 How do you define a bulk sample? 2:42 What are the key elements of a bulk sampling campaign? 4:28 What does bulk sampling cost? 5:08...2020-02-0311 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro28 - The travels of a geologist (part 4)When you travel the world visiting mines, you encounter extremes in weather, altitude and travel. In this final part of the travels of a geologist, Director of Geology at Optiro Ian Glacken recalls how he almost got frostbite in an unlikely country and about potholes so big they could swallow a car. In this episode: 1:10 What has been the hottest and coldest places you've been as a travelling geologist? 4:05 Frostbite in Morocco (almost) 5:52 What is the highest mine above sea level you've ever been to? 7:35 Where have the longest road trips been?2020-01-2013 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro27 - The travels of a geologist (part 3)The best jobs can be on the worst trips and the worst jobs can be in the best places. In part 3 of 4 of this series on travel as a geologist, Director of Geology at Optiro Ian Glacken tells us about some of the worst places he's been and the worst food poisoning he's endured, whilst keeping an eye out for some of the world's most rugged beauty. In this episode: 1:23 Where is the worst place you've been to as a consultant? 4:23 What are some other unfavourable places you've visited? 5:21 What about the other p...2020-01-0612 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro26 - The travels of a geologist (part 2)Seeing the world as a consultant geologist can take you places, but some of them are a little too exciting to experience twice! Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken recalls some stories including escaping a revolution, meeting Danie Krige on a pile of gold bars and having his clothes eaten by goats. In this episode: 1:00 Following C tutoring from Larry Page at Stanford, where did you travel next? 2:40 What were your first trips as a consultant geologist like? 4:57 Meeting the guys from Bre-X 6:15 Escaping a revolution 8:01 Where do you go most...2019-12-0916 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro25 - The travels of a geologist (part 1)If you want to see the world you needn't join the navy: geologists get to see the world and quite frequently, too. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken tells some stories about his early travels and what he learned, including honing his C programming skills with a young Google CEO Larry Page. In this episode: 1:05 Does working as a geologist lead to a lot of travel? 2:30 Is the travel enjoyable? 3:14 Was there much travel in the early years of your career? 11:43 Studying geostatistics at Stanford University and both meeting and working with...2019-11-2515 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro23 - Recoverable resources (part two)Geologists need to use the right methods when estimating the tonnage and grade they can expect from an ore body. For recoverable resources, when uniform conditioning doesn't work, you need to turn to alterative techniques. In part two of this two-part series, Senior Geostatistician at Geovariances, David Barry, and Director of Geology at Optiro, Ian Glacken, discuss MIK and conditional simulation. In this episode: 2:05 There are alternatives to uniform conditioning for when it isn't suitable 4:15 What are the alternatives to uniform conditioning? 7:45 There are several theoretical objections to Multiple Indicator Kriging in the...2019-10-2815 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro22 - Recoverable resources (part 1)Geologists need to make predictions about how much can be extracted from an ore body based on limited data. What can you do to confidently report on the likely tonnage and grade? In part one of this two-part series, Senior Geostatistician at Geovariances, David Barry, and Director of Geology at Optiro Ian Glacken discuss recoverable resources and how to apply uniform conditioning. In this episode: 1:25 What are recoverable resources? 2:34 What is the difference between recoverable and ordinary resources? 3:48 Is there a difference between recoverable resources and reserves? 4:46 What needs to happen to...2019-10-1419 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro21 - Underground grade control and samplingUnderground grade control is different from open pit grade control and to take you through the depths of their experiences, Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken and geometallurgist Simon Dominy discuss the topic, covering techniques and methods. In this episode: 1:00 How is underground grade control different to open pit? 1:47 How does the mining methods used in underground mining affect the way you'd do grade control? 2:53 Do we need to use a wider range of techniques for underground grade control than in open pit? 3:43 Is face sampling, channel sampling or chip sampling, a waste of time? 6:10...2019-09-3010 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro20 - Coarse gold sampling and assayingIt is visually very attractive, but getting an accurate grade for coarse gold isn't straight forward. If you've used the wrong techniques, your estimate could be way off. World expert in this field Simon Dominy joins Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken to discuss what you could do to make sure you're reporting the right grade from your samples. In this episode: 1:15 Let's clarify - what is coarse gold? 2:58 What deposits in Australia are classified as coarse gold? 4:06 It's visually appealing, but what are the downsides of coarse gold and what is the...2019-09-1615 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro19 - What is geometallurgy?The relatively new practice of geometallurgy is giving miners an additional tool to employ in their search for viable mineral reserves. Dr. Simon Dominy, an old friend of Optiro's and a leading geometallurgist joins Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken to discuss the discipline and how it's being used in industry. In this episode: 1:32 What are the differences between geometallurgy, geology and metallurgy? 2:40 If you're going to be a geometallurgist, should you start out as a geologist or a metallurgist? 3:43 What are the sorts of problems we can tackle with geometallurgy? 4:41 You've t...2019-09-0216 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro18 - Relationships matterConsulting as a geologist in the mining industry is a very rewarding career, but what about the clients?! How can a great relationship with a client make a job successful, or a terrible relationship make a project head south? Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken spills the beans on some of the experiences he's had throughout his career, revealing the good, the bad and the ugly. In this episode: 1:07 What's the worst job you've ever worked on? 2:20 So what constitutes a good job for you? 3:57 How does a relationship with a client impact...2019-08-1912 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro17 - Due Diligence Tips and Traps (part 4 of 4)Due Diligence is an important process to undertake when acquiring a mineral asset, but how do you know if you're getting it right and if it's protecting you from issues down the line? In this episode, the final part of a four part series, Managing Director of Optiro Mark Warren shares some of his experiences around Due Diligence, illustrating that it's not always straight forward. In this episode: 1:02 If I'm buying a mineral asset, what should I hope to get out of due diligence? 9:58 What are some of the things you've seen where sellers...2019-08-0620 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro16 - Due Diligence Process (part 3 of 4)Due Diligence is an important process to undertake when acquiring a mineral asset, but how do you know if you're getting it right and if it's protecting you from issues down the line? In this episode, part three of a four part series, Managing Director of Optiro Mark Warren explores the Due Diligence process and how to keep it swift. In this episode: 0:52 What are the steps in the due diligence process? 5:56 What is a data room? 10:07 How long does a due diligence typically take? 11:28 The level of detail can also vary...2019-07-2314 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro15 - Scoping Due Diligence (part 2 of 4)Due Diligence is an important process to undertake when acquiring a mineral asset, but how do you know if you're getting it right and if it's protecting you from issues down the line? In this episode, part two of a four part series, Managing Director of Optiro Mark Warren explores the scoping of Due Diligence, ensuring you have all the right people in the room to get a good result. In this episode: 1:01 To understand the scope, what are some things included in a technical due diligence? 2:53 A broad list of functions...2019-07-0914 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro14 - Due Diligence - What is it? (part 1 of 4)Due Diligence is an important process to undertake when acquiring a mineral asset, but how do you know if you're getting it right and if it's protecting you from issues down the line? In this episode, part one of a four part series, Managing Director of Optiro Mark Warren explores some fundamental questions around Due Diligence. In this episode: 1:01 Give us some background - how long have you been involved in DDs? 1:57 So what is due diligence? Is it just doing your homework? 3:55 Does the standard definition of 'due diligence' apply to mineral...2019-06-2510 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro13 - On the same page with reconciliation dashboardsSeeing all the information you need to make a decision on one screen can be a powerful tool for management. Reconciliation dashboards are becoming more popular with miners who want to have all the information available for each stakeholder in the process. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken boils down the essence of these dashboards in this episode and explains the good practices he has seen around the world and what they allow miners to do. In this episode: 0:52 What is the concept of a dashboard? 2:52 Dashboards have come a long way in business...2019-06-1114 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro12 - QAQC - going deeper on accuracy and precision (part 2)It's time to go deeper on accuracy and precision in the context of quality control of geological data. In the second half of this two-part series, we explore precision: Optiro's Principal Consultant Paul Blackney goes into detail on precision and why it matters when sampling. In this episode: 0:56 What is an acceptable level of precision for sample grade data? 5:33 What happens when your grade precision is not consistent with what you were expecting? For more information: Contact Paul Blackney - Principal Consultant at Optiro: pblackney@optiro.com Optiro website 2019-05-2812 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro11 - QAQC - going deeper on accuracy and precision (part 1)It's time to go deeper on accuracy and precision in the context of quality control of geological data. In the first half of this two-part series, we explore the subject of accuracy: Optiro's Principal Consultant Paul Blackney explains the difference between the two concepts and then illustrates what accuracy means in practice in mining. In this episode: 0:54 What's the difference between accuracy and precision? 5:12 Why are the accuracy and precision of geological data so important? 7:09 How do we know we have an acceptable accuracy for sample grade data? 9:50 Not everything goes to...2019-05-1413 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro10 - Seven rules for report writingReports are one of the most important methods of communication in the world of geology. Writing well means your findings will be well understood and interpreted correctly the day you deliver them and years down the track. Optiro's Director of Geology and report editor in chief Ian Glacken has summarised his advice on report writing down to seven key points. In this episode: 0:40 What sort of reports are there in geology and why are they important? 1:18 Why is good report writing important? 2:08 Rule #1: Making the report readable 2:49 Rule #2: Using visuals in your...2019-04-3013 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro9 - SamplingMost important decisions in mining are in some shape or form dependent on the accuracy of sampling. There are many ways to introduce errors and its important to eliminate as many as possible. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken explains why sampling is so important, the sorts of errors that can be introduced during sampling and how to avoid them. In this episode: 0:36 Why is sampling important in the mining industry? 1:42 What are sampling errors? 2:54 What are the key principles of sampling in mining? 3:46 What are the things we can do to...2019-04-1612 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro8 - QAQC (Part 2)Quality Assurance and Quality Control, or QAQC, encompasses a range of controls that ensure accurate results in sampling. In this part 2 of the two-part series on QAQC, Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken and Principal Paul Blackney discuss precision, contamination and best practice. In this episode: 1:02 How do we measure precision and why is it important? 3:12 What are the properties of a duplicate for precision analysis? 3:50 Why do we need to take duplicates at various stages? 5:09 What are the types of information we need to present for duplicate samples and how do...2019-04-0215 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro7 - QAQC (part 1)Quality Assurance and Quality Control, or QAQC, encompasses a range of controls that ensure accurate results in sampling. In this part 1 of the two-part series on QAQC, Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken and Principal Paul Blackney discuss the difference between QA and QC and how accuracy is determined. In this episode: 0:56 What is QAQC? 2:10 What are the limits of QAQC in the mining cycle? 2:45 What are the key aspects of what QAQC is trying to achieve? 4:09 How do we measure accuracy given we don't know the true grade of anything? 5:18...2019-03-1915 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro6 - DeclusteringDeclustering is a critical technique to understand and use when estimating a resource. It helps you get a more accurate picture of the whole ore body, but why is it controversial in parts of the industry? Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken and Principal Paul Blackney discuss the technique and where to use it. In this episode: 0:51 What is declustering and why is mining data clustered? 1:41 What are the implications of not declustering? 2:03 When is declustering useful? 2:52 Do we need to apply declustering to ordinary kriging? 3:26 What are some of...2019-03-0610 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro5 - ReconciliationGetting reconciliation wrong can lead to dire consequences for miners. Mine reconciliation is the practice of comparing the tonnage and grade of material processed by the mill with the tonnage and grade of ore in the reserve model of a deposit and with the tonnage and grade in the grade control models used to define ore in mining. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken explains what can go wrong and how we can aim to avoid issues. In this episode: 0:47 What is reconciliation and how it applies to mining? 1:48 What happens when t...2019-02-2011 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro4 - Resource Estimation (part 2)Mineral resource estimation produces a model of deposits for extraction and is made up of various complex processes. In part two of this two-part series, Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken discusses how the various methods used for estimation can be controversial and takes a look towards the future. In this episode: 0:50 What is the issue and what are the differences between global estimation and local accuracy? 3:55 How do you know which approach is applicable to your situation? 5:05 Is there something about the culture of a country that determines the approach?2019-02-0612 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro3 - Resource Estimation (part 1)Mineral resource estimation produces a model of deposits for extraction and is made up of various complex processes. In part one of this two-part series, Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken discusses the history and common practices of resource estimation. In this episode: 0:42 What are the main estimation methods used in mineral estimation worldwide? 1:33 What is the origin of the term 'Kriging'? 2:40 There are multiple methods for resource estimation, but why don't we all use the same one? 4:57 Ordinary Kriging is probably the most popular technique. Why is that? 6:56 S...2019-01-2312 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro2 - Reasonable Prospects of Eventual Economic ExtractionReporting the right information to investors is critical. The three main codes around the world that govern resource estimation and reporting to the market all contain references to RPEEE, or Reasonable Prospects of Eventual Economic Extraction. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken explains why the principle is critical to reporting resources. In this episode: 0:48 What is RPEEE? 1:33 Why do we need to have RPEEE as part of all the reporting codes? 2:28 The codes are there to protect investors 3:19 What has changed from the versions of JORC 2004 to 2012? 4:28 RPEEE has also been...2019-01-1610 minFresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro1 - Top CutsWhen you're creating a resource estimate you need to be sure that you haven't relied on outlier samples. Top cutting (or capping) is a method you can use to reduce the impact of individual samples and produce a more accurate picture of what's in the ground. Optiro's Director of Geology Ian Glacken explains the method, when it is appropriate and what happens when it's not used correctly. In this episode: 0:44 What is a top cut? 1:10 Why should you use a top cut? 2:03 When and where should you apply a top cut? 2:43 What...2019-01-0910 min