Shows
Sadler's LecturesFrom The Eight Capital Vices To The Seven Deadly Sins - Introducing The Topic - Sadler's LecturesIn this invited lecture at Marist College, hosted by the Catholic Studies Program as part of their Marcelin Lecture Series, I narrate some of the key points and developments in the story of how we ended up with the current list of the Seven Deadly Sins, which are: Gluttony, Lust, Greed, Sloth, Wrath, Envy, and Pride. Originally, these start out as the Eight Capital Vices, a list which includes sadness, acedia, and vainglory, and which does not include envy. So, how did we end up with the list we know today?
The story involves Christian monks in the Egyptian desert...
2026-01-2511 min
Sadler's LecturesDivine Justice, Mercy, and Intercession: The Innovative Structure of Anselm’s PrayersDivine Justice, Mercy, and Intercession: The Innovative Structure of Anselm’s Prayers by Lectures on classic and contemporary philosophical texts and thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler
2025-12-0525 minSadler's LecturesDivine Justice, Mercy, and Intercession- The Innovative Structure of Anselm’s PrayersDivine Justice, Mercy, and Intercession- The Innovative Structure of Anselm’s Prayers by Lectures on classic and contemporary philosophical texts and thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler
2025-11-2125 min
Sadler's LecturesEarly Christian Thinkers On Anger - Sadler's LecturesThis is my relatively short talk given during the 2025 Plato's Academy multidisciplinary conference: The Philosophy and Psychology of Anger, during which I discuss some of the useful insights and practices early Christian thinkers (2nd-5th Century CE) can provide us. These don't require one to be committed to Christianity and can be applied by a wide range of people.
I begin with a passage from Pierre Hadot's book Philosophy As A Way Of Life: "[Christians] believed they recognized spiritual exercises, which they had learned through philosophy, in specific scriptural passages . . . The reason why Christian authors paid attention to these particular...
2025-11-1815 min
Mind & DesireEpisode 43 - Why I Like Teaching Cicero's On The Nature Of The GodsIn the last week or so, I have been editing a number of Sadler's Lectures podcast episodes on Cicero's On the Nature of the Gods book 2. And if you've been following my YouTube channel, then you're probably going to say, oh, I've seen those already. Well, yes, you've seen the videos, but what I do is take the sound files from the videos and And then I clean them up, take out all the filler words, long pauses, repetitions where I say the same word twice for some reason, just as I do for this Mind and Desire podcast...
2025-09-0614 min
Sadler's LecturesDavid Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The EpicureanDavid Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary - The Epicurean by Lectures on classic and contemporary philosophical texts and thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler
2025-06-2815 min
Sadler's LecturesMax Scheler, Ressentiment - Sources Of Ressentiment - Sadler's Lectures - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century German philosopher, sociologist of knowledge, and phenomenologist, Max Scheler's work Ressentiment, which provides an interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of that same name. It focuses on Scheler's analysis of two main sources of ressentiment, namely the desire for revenge, on the one hand, and envy, jealousy, and the competitive impulse. There are other affects that can figure into ressentiment as well, that Scheler identifies, such as hatred, malice, spite, the urge to detract, and schadenfreude.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If...
2025-05-0120 min
Mind & DesireEpisode 26 - Converting Theoretical Ideas Into Philosophical Practices (With Two Examples)As many of you listeners know, I teach classes both in traditional academic settings, in institutions that, you know, have a kind of formalized approach to education, and I do those face-to-face and online. And I also teach, in the Study with Sadler Academy, online classes and seminars to a much wider variety of people, in part because I open it up. You don't have to be enrolled in a particular school in order to take classes. And I also make them a good bit more affordable. Now, that's a totally different topic.Where am I going...
2025-02-2611 min
Mind & DesireEpisode 25 - Productivity, Prioritization, And A Sense Of ProportionIf you follow me on social media, you no doubt saw me posting a kind of funny meme about a workaholic. It actually shows a guy in heavy plate armor, and I suppose this is from some video game setting, as some people have pointed out. The caption of it is the part that we're really interested in, and it shows him with his head in his arms saying “workaholics when they run out of workahol”.And, you know, the point there is, of course, humorous. There is no such thing as workahol, but we could think of t...
2025-02-1114 min
Sadler's LecturesH.P. Lovecraft, The Call Of Cthulhu - Inspector Legrasses AccountH.P. Lovecraft, The Call Of Cthulhu - Inspector Legrasses Account by Lectures on classic and contemporary philosophical texts and thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler
2024-10-2313 min
Sadler's LecturesCicero On The Nature Of The Gods Book 1 - Epicureans On The Nature Of The Divine - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology
Specifically it examines the presentation of the Epicurean position on the divine by Velleius, who develops this in part by examining the preconceptions (proleipseis) of the gods that the Epicureans claim human beings have, as immortal and eternal, as inactive and blessedly happy, and interestingly as possessing a form like that of human beings.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site...
2024-08-0816 minSadler's LecturesCicero On The Nature Of The Gods Book 1 - Cicero's Motivations And Views - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology
Specifically it examines the very first parts of the work in book 1, where Cicero discusses his own motivations for writing this work, and the larger project he has in mind with his philosophical works more generally. Being sidelined in the new post-Republic political regime, and dealing with grief over the death of his daughter Tullia leads him to take on a significant project of writing...
2024-08-0217 minSadler's LecturesCicero On The Nature Of The Gods - Characters And Structure Of The Dialogue - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Nature Of The Gods, which critically examines Epicurean, Stoic, and Skeptic perspectives on matters of theology and cosmology
Specifically it examines the overall structure of the dialogue, and the characters involved, who are representatives of three important schools of ancient philosophy, Gaius Velleius the Epicurean, Quintus Lucilius Balbus the Stoic, and Gaius Cotta the Academic Skeptic.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so...
2024-07-3116 min
Sadler's LecturesAnselm Of Canterbury, On Freedom Of Choice - Choosing Willingly And Unwillingly - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the Medieval philosopher, theologian, and Benedictine monk Anselm of Canterbury's dialogue, On Freedom of Choice (the second work in a trilogy including On Truth and On The Fall of the Devil)
It focuses specifically on his discussion in chapter 5 of the work, explaining how a person can choose something both willingly and unwillingly.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com...
2024-07-3015 minSadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - The Highest Good And Human Joy - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his exploration in the final three chapters the work (the first of which he calls a "speculation" or "conjectatio"), of what the ultimate good would be for human beings, and the components of that ultimate good. These include beauty, swiftness or strength of the body, long and healthy life, satisfaction, inebriation, music, pleasure, wisdom, wealth, friendship, concord, and security, among others.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make...
2024-07-2914 minSadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - Time, Eternal Things, And Divine Eternity - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his discussion in chapters 19, 20, and 21 in which he continues his examination of God's eternity, which he contrasts against that of other eternal things.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com...
2024-07-2712 minSadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - Divine Limitlessness And Eternity - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his discussion in chapters 13, 19, and 20 of the lack of limits on God (incircumsrcriptus) in terms of space and time. Anselm argues that God is eternity and that all time and space is actually in some sense in God
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM
...
2024-07-2612 minSadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - Divine Attributes And Simplicity - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his discussion in chapters 14, 18, and 23 of divine simplicity, further developing the "one argument" and the logic of "that than which nothing greater can be thought". God's simplicity is beyond what we understand as simplicity of created things, and means that every thing that God is, is the same as every other thing God is. This simplicity extends as well into the divine trinity.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like...
2024-07-2516 minSadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - Divine Attributes And God's Being - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his discussion in chapters 5, 11, 12, and 23 focusing on further developing the "one argument" unpacking implications of God as "that that which nothing greater can be thought" (quo maius cogitari non potest). The divine attributes include whatever it is better to be than not to be, for example justice, wisdom, eternity, happiness, truth, among others, and each of them is entirely what God is.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to...
2024-07-2412 min
Sadler's LecturesAnselm Proslogion - The Ontological Argument Continued - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the medieval Christian thinker, monk, and bishop, Anselm of Canterbury's work, the Proslogion, and focuses on his discussion in chapters 3 and 4 of the being of God, which Anselm has argued in chapter 2 can be demonstrated , beginning from the formula "that that which nothing greater can be thought" (quo maius cogitari non potest). In chapter 3, Anselm further argues that God cannot be thought not to exist, which then raises a question about how the Biblical Fool is able to say in his heart that there is no God. This is resolved in chapter 4, where Anselm makes a distinction...
2024-07-2214 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Aspen, The Evil Wizard Of Re Albi - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on Aspen the malevolent wizard of Re Albi and his hostility and hatred towards Tenar, Therru, and Ged
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler
Purchase Tehanu - https://amzn.to/4ePl470
2024-07-1917 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Spark, Tenar's Failed Son - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the character Spark, Tenar's son, who was away on a boat crew, but who comes home and displays himself as an underdeveloped, entitled man, to the great disappointment of his mother.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel...
2024-07-1815 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Ged, The Former Mage Comes Back - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the return of the former archmage, Ged, to Tenar and Therru, after he has lost his power and struggled to make sense of his identity without it. He saves Tenar and Theru by defending them from the three men attacking the farmhouse.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You...
2024-07-1712 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Women & Men, Magic & Power - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the relations between men and women, the understandings of gender, and the dimensions of power as key themes in Leguin's text, expressed, argued, and mulled over by characters in the novel.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel...
2024-07-1523 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Dragons And Human Beings - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the new information about the interconnections between dragons and human beings in Earthsea, revealed by a story in a story in a story. Tenar tells Theru about the experience Ogion had with the woman of Kemay, who turns out to be a dragon, and the story of the origins of human beings and dragons she tells him.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to...
2024-07-1412 minSadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - The King Of The Archipelago, Order, And Justice - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the early years of the king Lebannen's reign, which involves reintroducing order to Earthsea, and both enacting justice and enabling local communities to administer justice. Lebannen's reign aims to change the dynamic of the strong preying upon the weak
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000...
2024-07-1315 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Aunty Moss The Witch - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the character, "Aunty" Moss, the local witch, who Tenar becomes friends with after Ogion's death.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler
Purchase Tehanu - https://amzn.to/4ePl470
2024-07-1220 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Tenar And The Mage Ogion - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the relationship between Ogion the mage and Tenar, who had been his ward and student for some time after she left Atuan with Ged. Ogion dies not long after Tenar arrives with Therru.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube...
2024-07-1115 minSadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Tehanu And Segoy, Two Dragons - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the culmination of the novel, in which Therru is revealed as actually a dragon, and calls Kalessin, the eldest of the dragons, who also turns out to be Segoy, the maker of Earthsea itself
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main...
2024-07-1015 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Ged No Longer A Mage - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the dragon Kalessin dropping off the archmage Ged, now drained of all his power, on the island of Gont, with Tenar. Ged will struggle to make sense of his identity and his life lacking the magical power that has defined him for nearly his entire life, and will be lost for a good portion of the novel
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to...
2024-07-0919 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Tenar Teaching Therru - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on Tenar's attempt's to follow Ogion's final instructions "teach her all", about her young adopted daughter Therru.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO
You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler
Purchase Tehanu - https://amzn.to/4ePl470
2024-07-0814 min
Sadler's LecturesUrsula K Leguin, Tehanu - Therru's Abuse, Fear, And Healing - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the science fiction and fantasy author, Ursula K. Leguin's novel, Tehanu, the fourth of six Earthsea books
It focuses specifically on the character Therru, a terribly abused child who was beaten, starved, and raped by her parents and their gang. She is thrown into a fire and left for dead, but survives and is adopted by Tenar, who raises her and tries to help her heal.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal...
2024-07-0722 minSadler's LecturesCicero On The Ends Book 3 - Wisdom And The Other Arts - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On The Ends, which discusses problems and perspectives on happiness, ethics, and human nature
Specifically it examines his discussion in book 3 likening the virtue of wisdom to certain arts, particularly dancing and acting. Cicero draws out the points of similarity, and also indicates where they differ.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www...
2024-06-3010 min
Sadler's LecturesNishitani Keiji, The Self-Overcoming Of Nihilism - European Nihilism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher and head of the Japanese Kyoto school, Nishitani Keiji's book, The Self-Overcoming Of Nihilism
Specifically it examines his discussion in chapter 1 "Nihilism As Existence", of what he terms "European nihilism". Although nihilism remains in part a trans-cultural and trans-historical phenomenon, it arises in a complex and active way within the ongoing development of modern European culture. A nihilims that overcomes nihilism also arises out of that as well. None of this means that nihilism can be put off as a merely European problem, however, particularly for Japanese culture.
To support...
2024-06-2617 min
Sadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - Dostoevsky, The Absurd, And Existentialism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines his discussion of Dostoevsky, his novels, and his characters' perspectives in the third part of the work, "Absurd Creation". While several of the characters that Dostoevsky discusses are people whose thought, life, and engagements emerge from and grapple with the absurd, according to Camus Dostoevsky himself makes a leap out past the absurd, and ends up as an "existentialist" (as Camus understands that term).
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon...
2024-06-2120 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - Ephemeral Creation - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines the section "Ephemeral Creation" in the third part of work. Camus discusses the possibility of an "ascesis" of he absurd that would remain true to it despite our tendency to succumb to hope. He discusses how this would work for the creative novelist, and the role that revolt, freedom, and diversity play
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler or Buy Me A Coffee - https://buymeacoffee.com/a4...
2024-06-2018 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - The Absurd, Art, And Philosophy - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines his discussion in the third part of the work, Absurd Creation, examining how art and specifically fiction or the novel end up intersecting with philosophy in their engagements with the absurd.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler or Buy Me A Coffee - https://buymeacoffee.com/a4quydwom
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or...
2024-06-1826 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - A Sketch: Conquest and the Conquerer - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines the third of the sketches or examples Camus provides in part 2 of the work, illustrating ways in which a person might live out an "ethics of quantity" in the face of the absurd. Camus discusses conquest and the person he calls "the conquerer", but this person in late modern times will be quite different from conquerors in earlier times.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like...
2024-06-1718 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - A Sketch: Drama and The Actor - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines the second sketch or example he discusses in the second part of the work, "The Absurd Man". Taking the stage actor as a paradigm, Camus examines how living out a life that imitates many other lives on the stage, portraying passions through the body, can be one kind of an "ethics of quantity"
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
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2024-06-1619 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - A Sketch: Don Juanism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines one of the sketches or examples that he provides in the second part of his work, illustrating one particular "ethics of quantity" that remains consistently engaged with the absurd. This one centers around the fictional figure of Don Juan, reinterpreted by Camus. He engages in a seemingly endless series of seductions of women throughout his life, and lives out his existence within the limits of that motif
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2024-06-1419 minSadler's LecturesAlbert Camus, The Myth Of Sisyphus - Ethics Faced With The Absurd - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, and essayist Albert Camus' work The Myth of Sisyphus
Specifically it examines his discussion in part 2, which develops a sort of ethics confronting the absurd in human existence. This ethics would be developed within the scope of a person's life, and would not be reducible to universal rules or principles.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www...
2024-06-1322 min
Sadler's LecturesPlutarch, How To Tell A Flatterer From A Friend - Moderating Frankness Of Speech - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay How To Tell A Flatterer From A Friend
This episode focuses specifically on the importance of moderating, or placing some limits on frankness of speech (in ancient Greek, parrhesia) within the scope of genuine friendship. These include advice to avoid approaches that are likely to be insulting to the person being criticized, since frankness has room for graciousness. Frank criticism should also be avoided when a person is intoxicated, and one should avoid criticizing a person in front of certain audiences. Criticizing too often or...
2024-06-1118 min
Sadler's LecturesPlutarch, How To Tell A Flatterer From A Friend - Tricks Flatterers Employ - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient Middle Platonist philosopher and biographer Plutarch's essay How To Tell A Flatterer From A Friend
This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of a number of tricks and techniques that more sophisticated flatterers use to attempt to imitate friendship. Among these are using a fake frankness of speech, imitating similarities with the person targeted, pretending to share the same problems or deficits, praising the person wrongly for their character rather than just their actions, and using a kind of "silent flattery" in actions.
You can find the copy of the text I...
2024-06-0717 min
Sadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, The Metamorphosis - The Cook, Servant Girl, Lodgers, And Charwoman - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "The Metamorphosis"
This lecture discusses the responses and attitudes towards Gregor on the part of different minor characters in the short story, namely the cook and servant-girl who respond to Gregory with horror, the lodgers who pretend to be disgusted by him but really are just taking advantage of the situation, and the charwoman who exhibits a kind of rough friendliness towards him.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like...
2024-05-2915 min
Sadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, The Metamorphosis - Gregor's Mother And Father - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "The Metamorphosis"
This lecture discusses two of the other important characters in the story, Gregors mother and father, simply referred to Mrs. and Mr. Samsa. Both of them are aged and in bad health, and dependent upon Gregor, at the start of the story. Mrs. Samsa remains prone to fainting spells, but does take thought about her son and takes on work that can be done in the home. Mr. Samsa goes back to work and becomes active and dynamic again.
...
2024-05-2817 min
Sadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, The Metamorphosis - Gregor's Sister Grete - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "The Metamorphosis"
This lecture discusses the character Grete, who is Gregor's younger sister. At the beginning of the story, she is a teenager with minimal responsibilities and some musical talent. As she comes to take care of her brother after his metamorphosis, she takes on more responsibility and agency. By the end of the story, she argues that the creature is no longer her brother Gregor, and that they must get rid of it.
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2024-05-2613 min
Sadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, The Metamorphosis - The Samsa Family's Circumstances - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "The Metamorphosis"
This lecture discusses the circumstances of Gregor's family, the Samsas. Initially, they are all dependent upon Gregor for their income, paying down debts, and even the decision-making around the house. As Gregor discovers after his transformation and losing his job, his father does have some money set aside, and his family members are all capable of taking on work suited to them. By the end, they all agree that their situation presents them with certain opportunities.
To support my...
2024-05-2416 min
Sadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, The Metamorphosis - Gregor Samsa's Transformation - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "The Metamorphosis"
This lecture discusses the transformation or metamorphosis (Verwandlung) that Gregor Samsa experiences at the very beginning of the story, but also throughout the narrative. As it turns out it is not simply his physical form that is changed, but also his own capacities and possibilities, his relationships with other people, his senses and desires, and even his own viewpoint on himself.
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If you'd like...
2024-05-2319 min
Sadler's LecturesMartin Luther King, Unfulfilled Hopes - Bitterness, Withdrawal, & Creative Will - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century theologian, social philosopher, and civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr.'s sermon "Unfulfilled Hopes"
It discusses the analysis he provides of three different characteristic responses to the tragic element of life, that dreams remain unrealized, hopes unfulfilled, and that cries for a solution go unanswered. Two of these responses, those of bitterness and withdrawal, are negative and motivated by anger and hate. The third response is that of creative and dynamic will.
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...
2024-05-2119 min
Sadler's LecturesPlato, Gorgias - Why People Get Angry In Discussions - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher Plato's dialogue, the Gorgias.
This lecture focuses specifically on a set of points that Socrates makes in his conversation with Gorgias, outlining a common dynamic that tends to produce anger and even lead to abusive language between people who are discussing or exploring a subject matter together. When subject matters or topics are difficult to define, people will accuse each other of being unclear or incorrect in what they say. It is easy for interlocutors to assume that the other person is arguing their position in bad faith, out of a...
2024-05-2012 minSadler's LecturesPlato, Gorgias - Knowledge, Good Will, And Frankness - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher Plato's dialogue, the Gorgias.
This lecture focuses specifically on a passage in the conversation between Socrates and the host of the evening's conversations, Callicles. After Callicles has told Socrates that philosophy is fine for children and young men, but that a mature man ought to leave it behind, Socrates ironically tells Callicles that he is certain to get a good assessment of his character from Callicles. Socrates claims that for a person who wants to be a good tester and judge of whether others are living their lives well, and whether...
2024-05-1912 minSadler's LecturesFranz Kafka, On Parables - Making Sense Of Parables and Meta-Parables - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the work of the 20th century novelist and short story writer, Franz Kafka, "On Parables"
This lecture discusses the terminology used in the story, the distinction between the words of the wise which are parables and the needs and cares of our daily lives, and a metaparable that this short story ends on.
Here is the story in its entirety:
Many complain that the words of the wise are always merely parables and of no use in daily life, which is the only life we have. When the sage says: ‘Go over,’ he does not...
2024-05-1815 min
Sadler's LecturesRainer Maria Rilke, Letters To A Young Poet - Trust In Things - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the 20th century poet, novelist, and philosopher, Rainer Maria Rilke's work Letters to a Young Poet, and examines in particular advocation of trusting (halten) in what is difficult, and trusting in things. The range of "things" includes those of nature, even the smallest things, but also matters like love and death
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
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You can find over 3,000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www...
2024-05-1816 minSadler's LecturesPlutarch, On Having Many Friends - Problems With Having Many Friends - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Having Many Friends.
This episode focuses specifically on the reasonings he provides for the impossibility or impracticability of having many friends (poluphilia) in any genuine sense of the term. Some of these stem from the difficulties involved in doing justice to all of our relationships. Others arise from the variance we are bound to encounter among the people we would like to call friends. Yet others are due to the demands that genuine friendships place upon us to support our friends.
You can find the...
2024-05-1415 minSadler's LecturesPlutarch, On Having Many Friends - Trying And Testing Friends - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Having Many Friends.
This episode focuses specifically on his advice that, if we want to have good friendships, we need to try and test people before becoming fully friends with them. This echoes advice given earlier by authors like Cicero, Aristotle, and Seneca. Unfortunately, Plutarch says, many people make friends first, and then come to regret their commitment to people whose characters are not particularly good.
You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Having Many...
2024-05-1412 min
Sadler's LecturesPlutarch, On Having Many Friends - What Genuine Friendship Involves - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Having Many Friends.
This episode focuses specifically on a number of features of true or genuine friendship that he discusses in the work. Some of these are his own later interpretation of earlier authors who discuss friendship, like Aristotle and Cicero.
You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Having Many Friends here - https://amzn.to/48LBGZ2
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If you'd like...
2024-05-1312 min
Sadler's LecturesWilliam James, The Will To Be - Certitude And Truth - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses the 19th-20th century philosopher and psychologist, William James, and focuses on his essay, "The Will To Believe". Specifically it discusses the relationship between certitude or certainty and truth. James distinguishes two different orientations towards these, which he calls empiricism and absolutism. Absolutism holds that we can attain some absolute certainty, and that we can know with certainty that we know the truth. Empiricism about philosophy notes that there is no criterion for truth about which there has been a consensus.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If...
2024-05-1121 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Pure And Empirical Laws Of Nature - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon Kant's distinction between pure or universal laws of nature, which can be known a priori and which are the conditions for the possibility of experience, and empirical laws of nature, which can be grasped through experience.
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2024-05-1014 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Metaphysics And The Other Sciences - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the Appendix, specifically the relations and differences that Kant says metaphysics has with the other sciences (Wissenschaften) and branches of knowledge (Kentnisse), including Mathematics, Natural Science, Theology, Medicine, Jurisprudence, and Morality
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You can find...
2024-05-0921 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Clarifications About Idealism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the "Appendix", specifically the discussion distinguishing Kant's own critical or transcendental idealism from other, earlier forms of idealism ranging from that of Parmenides all the way down to Berkeley. Kant asserts that on some matters concerning space, time, experience, the understanding, and reason his idealism is in fact the reverse of the other sort of idealism, and resolves problems that they cannot address.
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2024-05-0812 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Probability, Common Sense, And Metaphysics - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the "Solution of the General Problem of the Prolegomena", specifically his discussion of two common philosophical approaches that will not work for developing a genuine metaphysics, or even just producing one valid a priori synthetic proposition. One of these is appealing to probability (Wahrscheinlichkeit) or conjecture (Mutmaßung). The other is appealing to sound common sense (Menchenverstand).
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
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2024-05-0616 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Critique And Metaphysics As Science - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the "Solution of the General Problem of the Prolegomena", where Kant contrasts the kind of metaphysics that can be developed after the critique of pure reason (by itself) with what passes as metaphysics (dogmatic or "school" metaphysics), and discusses how critique can carry us beyond the skepticism the dialectic of reason inevitably leads to if we do not engage in critique.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If...
2024-05-0417 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - How Does Reason Set Boundaries? - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on he conclusion of the third part, specifically his discussion of the boundaries (Grenzen) for reason. These limits take place where we go beyond the field of experience into the "empty space" that is the field of the noumena or things in themselves. Reason not only recognizes these limits but also imposes them upon itself and on the faculty of understanding.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd...
2024-05-0312 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Natural Ends Of Reason's Transcendent Concepts - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the conclusion of the third part, specifically what he calls the "natural ends of reason's uses of transcendent concepts." Kant notes that what he is engaging in is conjecture rather than deriving knowledge. He also clarifies whether or not this study fits into the domain of metaphysics proper.
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2024-05-0114 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Deism, Theism, And Anthropomorphism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the conclusion of the third part, specifically his discussion of the distinction between deism and theism, and David Hume's critique of both standpoints for, among other things, engaging in "anthropomorphism". Kant argues that deism involves only a "symbolic anthropomorphism", and that it relies upon analogy properly defined and understood
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2024-04-3022 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Completion, Satisfaction, And Noumena - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the conclusion of the third part, specifically on his discussion of how transcending the limits of possible experience, while problematic, is something that is a draw and desire for reason, because it seeks out not only the unrealizable completion of matters of experience in the psychological, cosmological, and theological ideas, but also aims at a kind of satisfaction as well. Reason seeks these in the unknowable things in themselves or noumena
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2024-04-2913 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Bounds And Limits Of Reason - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the conclusion of the third part, specifically the distinction that Kant makes between bounds or boundaries (Grenzen) and limits (Schranken). Pure mathematics and pure natural science have limits but not bounds, because they deal with what is homogenous (gleichartig), whereas the field of metaphysics has both bounds and limits
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2024-04-2713 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Dogmatism, Skepticism, And Critique - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the conclusion of the third part, specifically Kant's discussion of how skepticism is bound to arise from the dialectic of pure reason, with critical philosophy, that is, a critical use of reason to examine itself, as the remedy for skepticism and the dogmatism it arises out of.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
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2024-04-2614 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Transcendental Ideas And Systematic Unity - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on the section finishing the third part, before the conclusion, titled "General Remark on the Transcendental Ideas." Kant writes:
"The objects, which are given us by experience, are in many respects incomprehensible, and many questions, to which the law of nature leads us, when carried beyond a certain point (though quite conformably to the laws of nature), admit of no answer; as for example the question: why substances attract one another? But if we entirely quit nature, or...
2024-04-2413 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Theological Idea or The Ideal of Reason - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon what he calls the "theological idea". Kant writes:
"The third transcendental Idea, which affords matter for the most important, but, if pursued only speculatively, transcendent and thereby dialectical use of reason, is the ideal of pure reason. Reason in this case does not, as with the psychological and the cosmological Ideas, begin from experience, and err by...
2024-04-2213 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Dynamic Antinomies - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon the third and fourth of the antinomies Kant discusses in that section, which he calls "dynamical" antinomies
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2024-04-2116 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Mathematical Antinomies - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon the two "mathematical" antinomies Kant examines in the section on the Cosmological Ideas. These are:
First Antinomy. Thesis: The world has a temporal and spatial beginning or limit. Antithesis: The world does not have a temporal and spatial beginning or limit.
Second Antinomy. Thesis: Everything in the world consists of something that is simple. Antithesis: Everything in...
2024-04-1714 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Cosmological Ideas And Antinomies - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon his discussion of the cosmological ideas, which Kant frames in terms of antinomies of pure reason. Two of these are "mathematical" and concern limits of space and time, and simplicity or composition of things. Two of these are "dynamical" and concern freedom or causal determinism, and necessity and contingency
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2024-04-1618 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Psychological Ideas - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon what Kant terms the "psychological idea" or "ideas" of pure reason, which have to do primarily with the consciousness or soul of a human being, and the idea that it is a substance that has permanency. This is an idea of reason which cannot be encountered or confirmed in any experience we could have
To support my...
2024-04-1522 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The System Of The Categories - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon his "Appendix to pure natural science. On the system of the categories." Kant contrasts his own systematic deduction of the table of the categories of the understanding against the unsystematic "rhapsody" of Aristotle's ten categories.
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2024-04-1216 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Experience And Pure Ideas Of Reason - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon his discussion about how the ideas of reason involve and aim at a completeness to experience that can never be found in experience itself. He discusses what use these ideas of reason are, and also clarifies the term "noumena"
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If you'd like...
2024-04-1015 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Syllogisms And Pure Ideas Of Reason - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon Kant's discussion of the ideas or pure concept of reason, derived from his consideration of three main types of syllogisms (Verstandschlüsse): categorical, hypothetical, and disjunctive. These correspond to the psychological, cosmological, and theological ideas, which figure into the dialectic of reason.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
I...
2024-04-0915 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Peculiarity Of Metaphysics - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Third Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How is metaphysics in general possible? Specifically this bears upon what is distinctive, specific, or peculiar to metaphysics by contrast to pure mathematics and pure natural science.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee...
2024-04-0814 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Phenomena And Noumena - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon the distinction between phenomena and noumena, that is things of sense or appearances, and beings of the understanding. Kant argues that we cannot have any determinate knowledge of the noumena, but we also can know that the phenomena are grounded upon the noumena
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2024-04-0514 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Removing Hume's Doubt About Causality - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon Kant's situating himself in relation to his predecessor David Hume, who argues that we have no experience of causality as such, and that we can and should have doubts about the relationship between what we think to be cause and effect.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If...
2024-04-0314 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Principles Of Possible Experience - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon what Kant calls "principles of possible experience". Principles (Grundsatze) are rules that are not determined by other rules, and these correspond to pure concepts of the understanding. Taken as a totality, they comprise a system which provides the laws of nature, and a pure natural science
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2024-04-0216 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Pure Concepts Of The Understanding - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon his exposition of what he identifies as pure concepts of the understanding (Verstandsbegriffe), which, as he tells us, make possible for us universal, objectively valid judgements. These correspond to the logical table of judgements and to the transcendental table of the concepts of the understanding
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2024-04-0114 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Judgements Of Perception And Experience - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon the distinction Kant makes between two kinds of judgements, those of perception (Wahrnehmungsurteile) and those of experience (Erfarhungsurteille). The latter involve the addition of pure concepts of the understanding, and can yield us a priori cognitions
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2024-03-3014 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Nature And Pure Natural Science - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Second Part Of The Transcendental Problem: How Is Pure Natural Science Possible? Specifically this bears upon what 'nature" means, what the extent and scope of pure natural science is, and an explanation of how pure natural science is possible. Kant argues that pure natural science cannot be cognition of things as they are in themselves, but rather as falling within the domain of our possible experience, and governed by laws that can be...
2024-03-2915 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Avoiding Non-Critical Idealism - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on Kant's defense of his own transcendental or critical idealism from accusations that he turns the spatio-temporal world of sense-experience into mere "illusion" (Schein). Kant explains how illusions do arise out of other philosophical positions and their key assumptions.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www...
2024-03-2713 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - How Illusions Arise - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on Kant's defense of his own transcendental or critical idealism from accusations that he turns the spatio-temporal world of sense-experience into mere "illusion" (Schein). Kant explains how illusions do arise out of other philosophical positions and their key assumptions.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www...
2024-03-2515 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Sensibility, Representations, And Geometry - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion of geometry in particular, in the course of which he briefly examines geometric proofs resting on congruence and objects that may be the same in some respects but are not congruent, such as spherical triangles, mirror images of hands, and helixes. Kant argues that geometry, based on the pure intuition of space as a form of sensible intuitions, applies to all of our possible experience of objects in space
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2024-03-2316 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Intuitions, Space, And Time - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussions of the a priori intuitions that are the basis for pure mathematics, namely space and time. These are the forms of empirical intuitions, preceding them logically, and they also provide geometry, arithmetic, and pure mechanics their bases.
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2024-03-1713 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - A Priori Intuitions - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion of the possibility of a priori intuition (Anschauung), which makes pure mathematics possible. Time and Space are such a priori intuitions, namely the forms of sensibility, the condition. for having empirical intuitions of objects.
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If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com...
2024-03-1515 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Dogmatism, Skepticism, Metaphysics - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon how and why his transcendental or critical philosophy takes metaphysics beyond two other sets of positions, those of dogmatism and skepticism
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2024-03-1313 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - How Are Synthetic A Priori Cognitions Possible? - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon what he takes to be a central problem that must be resolved if there is to be any genuine well-founded metaphysics, namely how it is that synthetic a priori cognitions (or judgements or propositions) are possible.
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2024-03-1111 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Analytic And Synthetic Judgements - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon the distinction he makes between analytic and synthetic judgements. Analytic judgements do not add anything to our knowledge or understanding, though they can help us to clarify concepts. Synthetic judgements do add something new to our cognitions, because the predicate is not entirely contained in the subject, and this is what allows us to make progress in sciences like mathematics and metaphysics
To...
2024-03-1017 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Metaphysical Judgements As Synthetic - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon the nature of properly metaphysical judgements, cognitions, or propositions, namely that they are all synthetic a priori. This is what allows there to be any genuine advance in knowledge through metaphysics
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2024-03-0811 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Mathematical Judgements As Synthetic - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon the nature of mathematical judgements, properly speaking. Kant argues, against previous thinkers, that properly mathematical judgements are not analytic but synthetic a priori. There is still scope for analytic judgements within mathematics that help to clarify matters or to show some equivalence or equality.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to...
2024-03-0714 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Differentiating Metaphysics As A Science - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preamble on the peculiarities of all metaphysical knowledge, bearing upon how Metaphysics is to be differentiated as a science from other sciences. Kant tells us that there are three main differentiating factors, namely the object, the sources of cognition, and the kind of cognition.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here...
2024-03-0513 min
Sadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - The Prolegomena And The First Critique - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preface that outlines the relationship between the Prolegomena and his earlier published Critique of Pure Reason. The Prolegomena as a work addresses some of the obscurity that Kant admits is present in the Critique, and is structured in an analytic rather than synthetic style of presentation
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so...
2024-03-0414 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - David Hume's Spur To Kants Thinking - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it focuses on his discussion in the Preface bearing upon how David Hume's critical examination of causality - the necessary connection between causes and effects - broke Kant's "dogmatic slumber" and spurred him to examine the possibility of metaphysics in a radical manner. This would lead to the work contained in the Critique of Pure Reason
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you...
2024-03-0316 minSadler's LecturesImmanuel Kant, Prolegomena - Problems With Metaphysics As A Science - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant's work, The Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.
Specifically it on his discussion in the Preface, in which he raises several problems with metaphysics of his time as a science. These include the lack of universal agreement or consensus, the advances of all the other sciences, and the lack of any settled criteria for the discipline. in Kant's view, it is time to ask the question whether metaphysics as a science is even possible, and what it would require
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2024-03-0211 min
Sadler's LecturesPhilip Dick, Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep? - The Voight-Kampff Test - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep
It focuses specifically on the Voight-Kampff Empathy Test used by bounty-hunters to distinguish between androids and humans. We cover how the test works, whether or not it is or remains a valid instrument, representative questions from the test, and who the test is given to in the course of the novel.
To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler
If you'd like to make a direct contribution...
2024-02-2322 minSadler's LecturesPhilip Dick, Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep? - John R. Isidore, Special - Sadler's LecturesThis lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th Century American science-fiction short story writer and novelist, Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep
It focuses specifically on the character John R Isidore, who has been recently classified as a "special". He is ineligible for emigration to the colonies, lives by himself in an apartment building in the suburbs, and holds a job as a driver for a false/electric animal hospital. A number of the chapters of the novel focus on Isidore, particularly once he begins interacting with three of the androids the bounty hunter Deckard is...
2024-02-1920 min