Shows
The Mindtools L&D PodcastSo long 2025, what's hot for 2026?What a year it was! In this week's episode of The Mindtools L&D Podcast, HowNow's Nelson Sivalingam joins Ross G and Ross D to reflect on 2025 and look to emerging trends in 2026. We discuss: AI (obviously) and how it's evolving the rise of instructor-led training how market consolidation is changing the choice of suppliers for L&D leaders. During the discussion, Ross G referenced a number of new stories: Only 22% of organizations have a visible AI strategy Three in five workers say they use unapproved AI tools at work 95% of organizations see no measurable return...
2025-12-1041 min
L&D DisruptGoodbye From Gary | 8 Lessons From L&D Pros | L&D Disrupt | Episode 80To celebrate his final episode as host of L&D Disrupt, Gary shared some of the best lessons from recent guests.
If you want to connect with Gary on LinkedIn, you can find him here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-stringer-copywriter
And to be clear, this is not the final episode of the podcast, so we'll see you with another great episode soon!
2025-01-2017 min
L&D DisruptL&D Lessons From Non-Profit Organisations | Heather Burright | L&D Disrupt #79Heather Burright is the Community Manager for the Non-Profit L&D Collective, host of the Learning for Good podcast, and delivers instructional design and leadership development for nonprofits.
So, it’s safe to say she knows this space well! And she joined us to explain some of the best insights and lessons other L&D pros can take from the nonprofit space.
Expect to learn whether it’s easier to connect people to purpose in non profit organisations.
Lessons on building leaders in these organisations, why non-profits tend to invest more in learning, how...
2025-01-0640 min
Curiosulus ChroniclesThe Future of Learning with Nelson SivalingamSend us a textIn this episode, we sit down with Nelson Sivalingam, the dynamic CEO and co-founder of HowNow, a cutting-edge learning experience platform that's transforming the way organisations engage with their teams. Nelson shares his incredible journey from a young entrepreneur to a thought leader in the learning and development space. We delve into his insights on leadership, innovation, and the future of education in the digital age. If you're passionate about learning, leadership, or entrepreneurship, this conversation is packed with valuable takeaways you won't want to miss!🎧 Listen now to discover:
2024-08-1345 min
Talaera Talks - Business English Communication107. How Copywriting Can Transform Your Career - With Gary StringerSend us a textLearn how copywriting can transform your career and discover lots of tips and strategies you can start using today to improve your copywriting skills.In this episode, we talk to Gary Stringer, Senior Content Marketing Manager at HowNow and host of the L&D Disrupt Podcast. How to connect:Learn more about Talaera: https://www.talaera.com/Learn more about HowNow: https://www.gethownow.com/Connect with Gary: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-stringer-copywriter/Connect with Paola: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paolapgea/
2024-07-2242 min
L&D DisruptHow Can We Solve The Skills Crisis? The L&D Drop-In (LIVE) | Episode 67By 2030, we'll need to reskill ONE BILLION people (Adecco).
It's a big challenge, but it can be done 🙌
And this episode of the L&D Drop-In gives you the proven tactics and insights to get started. Learn who you'll hear from and jump ahead with these timestamps.
0:00 Intro
1:00 Joelle Tomkinson. Blendible's Director on the importance of aligning and L&D efforts to business objectives, marketing your plans, and more.
14:09 Nelson Sivalingam. HowNow's CEO on overcoming the challenges of mapping and measuring skills to close your skills gaps.
27:54 James Griffin...
2024-05-161h 03
The AI Learner LoungeAgile Learning for AI with Guest Laura Kaye ChamberlainAgile learning comes from software development. It means we take a flexible approach to continuous learning and have an adaptive approach. It emphasizes speed, flexibility, and collaboration and applies a set of values and principles to learning. In this episode, special guest Laura Kaye Chamberlain joins the AI Learner Lounge podcast to discuss how we can use agile learning for AI.
*About Laura Kaye Chamberlain*
Laura is the founder of hownow where she helps creative teams apply AI Operations, including. She is passionate about not using AI and automations to "replace" creatives, b...
2024-04-1630 min
L&D DisruptGetting The L&D Basics Right For More Impact In 2024 | L&D Disrupt | Episode 56Inspired by his great article on getting the basics right before embracing new technologies, Paul Matthews returns to the podcast to discuss how we do that in 2024.
From the fundamentals of problem discovery to driving successful behaviour change, working well with stakeholders and much more, this is a great reminder before 2024 really gets going.
Timestamps
00:00 Introduction to Paul and the episode
02:33 Defining impact in your organisation
09:31 Discover problems before you act
17:57 Understanding your L&D brand
25:21...
2024-01-1044 minL&D DisruptThe Fundamentals Of Collecting Useful Feedback | L&D Disrupt | Episode 55Collecting feedback can be a challenge, especially when it comes to our content! From the framing to the timing, it’s easy to get the basics wrong, but this episode helps us get it right.
Matt Laybourn, Founder of Rockee - a platform built to collect content feedback in real time - joined Gary to talk us through the fundamentals of capturing feedback we can use.
Timestamps
0:00 Intro to the episode, Matt and Rockee
4:04 The basics of good feedback
8:38 Is there trust in yo...
2023-12-2038 min
The People AgendaIs the traditional LMS dead?In a recent HR on the Offensive podcast, Chris engages in a thought-provoking discussion with Nelson Sivalingam, the CEO of HowNow, exploring the concept of the death of the LMS (learning management system) as presented in HowNow's latest whitepaper, and emphasising the necessity of making learning an integral and meaningful part of the work experience.
2023-12-0728 min
Marketing For Learning®Ep 62 - People, Personas and Marketing PermissionHan's been off gallivanting in recent weeks, and in a desperate attempt to prove she actually did some work, she's recorded this podcast with her top 4 takeaways from 2 incredible networking events she attended. Including why:
L&D need to become more customer centric
You do need personas.
Asking forgiveness not permission is a marketers mantra 😉
So settle in for a different kind of pod this week, but one that will get your brain juices flowing for sure!
LINKS:
Han's LinkedIn
L&D Disrupt Podcast from HowNow
2023-10-0914 minL&D DisruptHow To Build An Agile L&D Approach | L&D Disrupt Live | Episode 48If you’re a small or solo L&D team, the world probably feels like it’s changing faster than ever!
The question is how can we respond, adapt and innovate to solve complex problems?
The Agile L&D approach will help!
And Natal Dank (Author of Agile HR: Deliver Value in a Changing World of Work) gives you the tools to build one in this live podcast.
Running order
0:00 Intro to Natal and Agile HR
2:54 What’s agile and why now?
2023-08-1059 min
Learning From The EdgesEpisode #9 Technology: A Friction Point or A Powerful Ally for Learning? With guests Ady Howes & Nelson Sivalingam.Send us a textThis week sees us delving into the way we use technology, exploring how we can move away from the idea of a few power users to a wider distribution of tech skills throughout the workforce. As we have access to a wonderful array of tech in our personal lives, we should be thinking about how we can transfer our delivery, so that we can deploy relevant and personalised learning to empower and encourage power learners! Power learners who not only want to develop themselves, but also help to drive productivity.
2023-07-2644 minL&D DisruptUsing Learning Budgets For L&D Impact | L&D Disrupt Live | Episode 45When it comes to learning budgets, you're probably at one of two stages:
☝️You've given people a personal budget to support their growth.
✌️You're not there yet! But you're looking at ways to free up time, funds and resources.
Either way, this live podcast will give you the tools to build learning budgets and drive impact with them.
Join Bonita Matthee (Learning and Development Lead at Permutive), and Ulrika Hofman (People Partner at Scrive) to discuss the full learning budget journey.
...
2023-06-2944 minL&D DisruptDisrupt Shorts #3 | The Current State Of L&D: Skills, Trends And More | Helen MarshallDownload your FREE Death of the LMS guide: https://hubs.la/Q01RWyMr0
See HowNow in action! Sign up for a live walkthrough: https://hubs.la/Q01RWzht0
In this short-form conversation, Gary speaks with Helen Marshall, Chief Learning Officer at Thrive and host of the Diary of a CLO podcast, about skills gaps, L&D trends and how she approaches new projects like launching the WomenIn community and podcast hosting.
Connect with Helen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helearning/
Check out Diary of a CLO: https://diaryofaclo.podbean.c...
2023-06-2411 minL&D DisruptPath To CPO Trailer | NEW PODCAST SERIES | Launching Monday, 5 JuneWelcome to Path To CPO, the new podcast series powered by HowNow.
Where we peel back the layers of success and delve into the journeys of the most dynamic chief people officers.
Join us every Monday as we explore the trials, triumphs and insights of these people, culture and HR trailblazers at some of the fastest growing companies in the world.
Launching on Monday, 5 June, you can find the first (and every) episode on the L&D Disrupt podcast feed and HowNow's YouTube channel.
2023-05-2501 min
Paradigm Shifts PodcastHow to Build A Learning Ecosystem with Nelson SivalingamBuilding a learning ecosystem is an intentional and strategic process organizations want to consider, especially with an aging workforce and an emphasis on retaining talent in a scarce market. Nelson Sivalingam, CEO of HowNow, walks us through what a learning ecosystem is and best practices for how to build one leveraging technology such as HowNow.
Guest Info
Nelson Sivalingam is the CEO and Co-founder of HowNow, the learning experience platform making learning a part of everyday work, supporting scale-up companies including Depop, Vanmoof, and Checkout.com, and global enterprises like Mercer, Sanofi, and Investec.
2023-04-1148 min
The Mindtools L&D PodcastHow can we learn at speed to drive performance?How is it possible to learn faster than external world changes? What do we need to do to purposefully protect ourselves against irrelevance? Mind Tools L&D Podcast, Gemma and Ross G are joined by author of Learning at Speed, Nelson Sivalingam, to discuss how organisations, L&D teams and individuals can upskill and reskill efficiently. We discussed: What learning at speed means The barriers to learning at speed How we can overcome those challenges Nelson's book, Learning at Speed, is available from the Kogan Page website or any other good bookseller.
2022-09-2741 min
How Now?My Wellness Journey One Year Later: What I Know NowOn this Special Edition of the How Now? Podcast, host Kim Martin-Raymond celebrates year one of her wellness journey, what she has learned so far and a special announcement coming for the New Year!
Want to reach out to Kim and find out about the services she provides? Email her at kim@hownowpodcast.com or go to www.linktr.ee/hownow for all things KIM!
Go to www.hownowpodcast.com OR watch the show NOW on the How Now? YouTube Channel at: https://youtu.be/Co5YSpdTZk4
Be sure to like, follow, subscribe, an...
2022-09-071h 05
L&D DisruptApplying Marketing to L&D with Hannah Waddams | Episode 13Picture this - you’ve spent weeks crafting an unforgettable learning experience, finally engaging employees in an exciting way and making a real difference to the L&D strategy within your company. The day arrives. You launch it, you wait, you wait some more… and nothing happens. You were sure this would be a massive success - and maybe it WOULD be - if anyone actually knew about it! In this episode we’re joined by Hannah Waddams, Marketing Director at MAAS Marketing, to learn how and why L&D should use marketing to create that necessary awareness.
Runn...
2022-02-2235 minL&D DisruptHarnessing the Power of Knowledge Sharing with Lavinia Mehedințu | Episode 3Lavinia Mehedințu, Learning & Development Content Curator at Offbeat, is our podcast guest this week. There’s no doubt about it, Lavinia has a genuine passion for learning, and her enthusiasm in this episode is bound to rub off on you. This episode will help you level up the knowledge sharing within your organisation, and features some great advice on how to make your curated content more relevant than ever before. Enjoy!
Running Order:
01:58 Why content curation - how did it all begin?
04:11 Using analytics to shape content curation
06:23 What L&D c...
2021-11-3026 minHow Now?Our Wellness JourneyThis week's episode of How Now? is LIVE on Facebook! Kim will be talking about wellness and how it is not just about our physical wellness, but our mental and spiritual wellness too. She will talk about her personal wellness journey and will ask a few listeners to chime in on how they are living in the NOW with regard to their wellness journeys.
To learn more about Kim and her products, services, and podcast, go to www.linktr.ee/HowNow
Be sure to subscribe, like, follow and share her How Now? Podcast YouTube Channel...
2021-11-0453 min
The People AgendaHow to get your people to use your learning platformHow can you ensure your people use your LMS? How do you create a pathway to progress? What are the three ways you can make it easier for learners in your business? We look at this in the latest podcast, featuring Lulu Dermeche from HowNow.
This podcast was following a blog the team at HowNow recently wrote, which you can see here - https://gethownow.com/blog/how-to-get-people-using-your-learning-platform/
2021-09-1631 min
The Tamil CreatorEP #24: Nelson Sivalingam - UK-Based Serial Entrepreneur (Tech & Food), Podcast Host & Award-Winning FilmmakerNelson Sivalingam is an award-winning serial entrepreneur who has created successes from high growth technology businesses to Sri Lankan street food restaurant groups. He's currently the CEO & Co-Founder of HowNow, one of the fast-growing technology companies transforming the way organizations approach learning across the world with clients including tech unicorns like GymShark and Checkout.com.He joins Ara to shed light on how his filmmaking and entrepreneurial careers intertwine with one another, why he doesn’t engage in small talk, how his friends calling him “Born Awkward” led him to actually buying that web domain, why you shouldn...
2021-08-151h 15L&D DisruptThe Best Of Series One | Episode 14All good things must come to an end. And sadly, that’s true for Series One of 99 Problems But Work Ain’t One. But we couldn’t just let it fizzle out! So we’ve compiled our favourite nuggets of knowledge from every episode. Get ready for some brilliant insights into the worlds of L&D, HR, People Development, Talent Management and forward-thinking workplaces.
Thank you to anyone who’s tuned in and supported the show so far and to our 13 amazing guests who’ve joined us for some really insightful and fascinating conversations. We’ll be back for a sec...
2021-07-2245 minL&D DisruptWhat Does Hybrid Working Look Like In A Post Pandemic World? | Tushar Agarwal | Episode 7When you’re running London’s largest online marketplace for flexible office space, the COVID-19 work from home orders must feel like the world’s largest curve ball. HubbleHQ founder Tushar Agarwal joined us to explain just how you approach and handle a situation like this.
But have those short-term challenges actually accelerated the trend for remote and hybrid working? Tushar explained why people are now demanding more flexibility, freedom and autonomy over where they work, but also provides the counter arguments for why 70% still want their company to provide an office of some sort.
We als...
2021-05-2648 min
Accountants EXPOSEDMichael Carter - Part 1 - Marketing for Accounting Firms - Your ability to Communicate and Deliver ValueA marketing pro, innovator and a problem solver, Michael Carter gives us his insights - both personal and business wise - on how a practice can achieve the utmost growth and apply strategic thinking to your marketing.
We catch up with Michael Carter, Founder and CEO of Practice Paradox as he shares:
Where the idea of the firm's name originated from, his favorite paradoxes in life and how it relates to the Accounting profession
How Accounting is about people instead of numbers and to engage your staff
The differentiators between the top 5% and the remaining 95%
The co...
2021-04-2351 min
HowNowJeff Neven: Hope And Homes For AllIn this episode of HowNow it was our pleasure to talk with Jeff Neven, Director of the affordable housing charity Indwell and co-founder of New Hope Community Bikes. Jeff was inspired by reading the works of civil rights leader John Perkins, such as “Beyond Charity” and others. He talks us through Perkins’ concept of breaking the cycle of poverty through sharing our networks, and how that concept led to a renewed understanding of his personal and Indwell’s professional mandate of “hope and homes for all’. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-04-1454 minL&D DisruptHow To Structure Modern L&D Teams That Drive Performance | Ross Stevenson | Episode 3Should we even be describing it as L&D? You might have more open and productive conversations with stakeholders if you ditch the jargon, and Ross explains why in this episode.
You’ll also learn who L&D should work with and how, the roles you need to build an effective L&D team today, how to communicate L&D value to the rest of the business and loads more.
Ross Stevenson is the founder of Steal These Thoughts. Senior Learning & Talent Development Manager by day, Steal These Thoughts is his vehicle for sharing all his...
2021-04-1436 min
HowNowSue Carr: At The Intersection Of Chaplaincy, Health And FoodToday on HowNow we’re chatting with Sue Carr. Sue is the current Executive Director of the social enterprise restaurant called 541 Eatery and Exchange. She is also a reluctant pastor at the Meeting Place: a messy church for non-churchy people. In addition to being a mother and grandma, she has a varied history in healthcare, with an undergrad in pharmacology and a masters in theology. Coming to Canada in 1984 from the UK, she has worked as a hospital Chaplain for Hamilton Health Sciences, Mission Services and Stonechurch Family Practice. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-04-0746 minL&D DisruptDoes HR Need To Say No More? Shared Services And Being Bold | Emma Leonis | Episode 2If HR just said no a little more often, could they prioritise better? What if they shared the workload by collaborating with other departments? And how can they convince business leaders to take the journey with them?
Emma not only talked us through these key stakeholder questions, but explained where HR is now, where it’s headed and what it can do in the meantime. Including the role of shared services and the employee HR experience.
Emma Leonis is HR Transformation Executive Director at LACE Partners, helping companies transform their HR function, drive adoption and in...
2021-04-0737 min
HowNowMichael Rancic: Forming A Multi-Stakeholder Media CooperativeIn this episode of HowNow, we talk with freelance journalist, Michael Rancic. Michael’s work focuses around emerging, experimental and DIY Canadian musicians. His fascination with the low-level social mobilization that happens in DIY communities led naturally to co-founding the multi-stakeholder cooperative, New Feeling Coop. The cooperative’s membership is made up of Canadian music writers and community members, and publishes a monthly selection of writing and criticism. We caught Michael for a chat back in November, when they were very much in development stages. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-03-2541 min
HowNowTom Flood: From Ad Man To AdvocacyWe’re talking to music fan, cycling safety advocate and once and future ad man Tom Flood. Tom uses storytelling techniques of the car industry to provide effective counter-messaging to the automotive industry’s relentless onslaught. His series of short films use these techniques to wake people up to the need for road safety for all road users, and especially those who don’t have a giant metal box around them. Tom is the founder, content creator and strategist at Revélo Creative. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-03-1733 minL&D DisruptTrailer | 99 Problems But Work Ain't OneThe world of work is changing fast, how well are you keeping up? Welcome to the podcast that helps you hurdle workplace challenges and keep pace with change.
Each week, your host and HowNow CEO, Nelson Sivalingam, talks to the disruptors, leaders and industry game-changers, asking them burning questions about the ways we work.
If you’re interested in making work a better place to be, this is the place to be. Whether you're in HR or L&D, or looking for better ways to learn and lead, 99 Problems helps you build fast-learning organisations that ar...
2021-03-1602 min
HowNowAndrew Hibma: Establishing A Not-For-Profit Bike ShopWe talk to Andrew Hibma the Executive Director at New Hope Community Bikes. Andrew has found a sense of community and purpose through the formation of Hamilton's first not-for-profit bike shop. As the Executive Director, the organization has refurbished over 5000 bikes, saving them from the landfill, they’ve taught safe cycling skills to 5000+ students in Hamilton and helped launch a shipping container bike program in Pikangikum, a first nations community 2000km north of Toronto. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-03-1039 min
HowNowJason Grishkoff: Quitting Google To Launch A Successful Tech StartupWe talk with Jason Grishkoff about his journey from Google employee to building a successful music tech startup. We discuss his history in gaming as a professional Counter-Strike player. We talk about the early blog world and the formation of Indie Shuffle and losing 100k in the fallout of an advertising deal. How the emergence of Google and Facebook ironically lead to his demise and where he was able to adapt at ever turn. Delving deeper we unveil the inspiration for his current music submissions platform, SubmitHub and dig into his passion for coding. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack...
2021-03-0451 min
HowNowStephen van der Heijden: Growing Impact By Investing In PeopleWe talk tech with Stephen van der Heijden of Offerzen. Since his first job at a small tech start-up, Stephen has gained experience across Africa, primarily in building marketplace businesses. Currently, as the VP of Growth at OfferZen, his main focus is on continuously impacting the global software community. We talk about his experience working in startups, his thoughts on the rising role and responsibility of software engineering in our society and his move to Amsterdam. Finally we delve into how we can organize ourselves to build a better future. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-02-2436 min
HowNowPaul Bauman: Punk-Rock Physicist Enters The NBA BubbleThis week we sit down with Paul Bauman who has been involved for 30+ years in the professional audio and globe touring industry, holding key positions at leading international concert sound rental firms and respected loud speaker system manufacturers. He's currently the Director of Engineering at Firehouse Productions. He started off his sound career in Hamilton, ON with a BSC in Physics at McMaster University. After completing a masters at U of Waterloo he moved over to Europe at University of Technology in Sweden then working in the field and living in Paris and then in Maryland as he was drawn...
2021-02-1935 min
HowNowShaun Bowring: A Balance of Art and CommerceWe talk with Shaun Bowring about how he and his venues have traversed the difficulty of the pandemic and how it has brought the community together through advocacy. Shaun has been in the music scene for 30+ years. He is the owner of Transmit Presents and Toronto venues, The Garrison and The Baby G. Shaun is a board member of Little Portugal BIA, the co-founder and director of Dundas West Fest, member of the Canadian Independent Venue Coalition, and the Toronto Music Advisory Committee. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-02-1033 min
HowNowSam Holdridge: Crafting a Digital MarketplaceAdopted hometown cheerleader helps create online retail hub for local businesses.We talk with promotions and marketing guru Sam Holdridge. Sam has lived away from his native Charleston, North Carolina for around 11 years and is no stranger to adaptation.We get to hear about the inception of his innovative marketing solutions company, Hamilton Rising, which Sam describes as“...a community based digital platform using the three pillars of video, people and story to tell the complete story of the people that make our city what it is, from steel to soufflé.”We al...
2021-02-0339 min
HowNowDahlia Ishak: From Cafe To EcommerceDahlia Ishak shares her story of rolling with the gut-punch of this prolonged emergency. Her cafe Salty had to shutter, forcing her to radically adapt. Hear her reveal some of the creative ways she not only adapted but rose up as a leader with a radical and exhausting rescue plan involving selling merch to raise funds for companies in the food biz. Subscribe at hownowpod.substack.com
2021-01-2746 min
HowNowHowNow TrailerWelcome to the HowNow Podcast, the brand new series brought to you by Yvonne Woodley and Matt Carson. HowNow is where we hear stories of rapid and radical adaptation told first-hand by prominent figures near and far.
2021-01-2500 min
HowNowHowNow TrailerWelcome to the HowNow Podcast, the brand new series brought to you by Yvonne Woodley and Matt Carson. HowNow is where we hear stories of rapid and radical adaptation told first-hand by prominent figures near and far.The pandemic has created chaos and the need for radical adaptation in all fields. This fascinates us. Our hope is that listening to conversations with prominent people from diverse backgrounds coping with change will help our audience find the inspiration to adapt and realign in meeting their own unforeseen challenges.From e-commerce, immigration, and even the film industry...
2021-01-2500 min
Learning 3.0 with Rustica LambLearning 3.0 with Nelson SivalingamIn this week's episode, Rustica interviews Nelson Sivalingam, the co-founder and CEO of HowNow, an Intelligent Learning Platform (as opposed to an LMS) which is disrupting the way in which digital learning is delivered and knowledge is monetised.About the guest:In 2016, Nelson co-founded (and still currently is) the CEO at the educational technology company HowNow, disrupting the way in which digital learning is delivered and knowledge is monetised. The innovative platform raised a seven-figure investment from Fuel Ventures which includes Mark Pearson (MyVoucherCodes) and tennis superstar Andy Murray.
2020-09-1635 min
Daring toNelson Sivalingam with HowNowWelcome to Daring To, a podcast that finds out how CEOs and entrepreneurs navigate today's business world - the conventions they're breaking, the challenges they've faced and the decisions that they've made, and lastly, just what makes them different. Nelson Sivalingam is a serial entrepreneur and award-winning filmmaker. In 2016, Nelson co-founded and is currently […]
The post Nelson Sivalingam with HowNow appeared first on Business RadioX ®.
2020-05-1100 min
Daring toNelson Sivalingam with HowNowWelcome to Daring To, a podcast that finds out how CEOs and entrepreneurs navigate today s business world the conventions they re breaking, the challenges they ve faced and the decisions that they ve made, and lastly, just what makes them different. Nelson Sivalingam is a serial entrepreneur and award-winning filmmaker. In 2016, Nelson co-founded and is currently [...]
2020-05-1144 min