Shows
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleEP 22: A Conversation w/Lily Kronk, a 2026 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Lily Kronk, a 2026 GHS senior. We talked about being the president of The National Honors Society, participating in the GES mentor program, helping with Women in STEM, running Cross Country, setting up the GRAD Grove, applying to The United States Naval Academy, and so much more. Enjoy!
2026-02-151h 08
The Trial Of Sarah Grace PatrickSarah Grace Patrick: What Was Happening in That House? | 2022 Domestic Violence, Bedroom Cameras, 7 Months in Solitary
This is the story nobody's telling about Sarah Grace Patrick.Before the TikTok grief videos. Before the arrest. Before the "mountains of evidence" that still hasn't been disclosed. There was a family in crisis — and it's all in the court records.August 2022: Kristin Brock is charged with trying to run over James Brock with a car. A child was in the backseat. James files a protective order alleging physical abuse, threats, and interference with 911 calls. Three weeks later, he dismisses it. They marry in December 2023. By February 2025, both are shot dead.At Sarah's bo...
2026-01-2923 min
Human Rights & JusticeThe Revolutionary Life and Times of Professor James SmallHuman Rights and Justice Guest Host Tony Browder interviews Professor James Small - scholar activist, dynamic speaker and organizational consultant, with the theme, “The Revolutionary Life and Times of Professor James Small."Broadcast on Oct. 21, 2024
2026-01-2759 min
The Unhidden MinuteClaudette ColvinClaudette Colvin was just 15 years old when she made history in Montgomery, Alabama. On March 2, 1955—nine months before Rosa Parks—Colvin refused to give up her seat on a segregated city bus. Inspired by lessons on Black American history and the Constitution, she later said she felt Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth “pushing down” on her shoulders, telling her to stay seated. She was arrested, handcuffed, and jailed for her defiance.Despite her courage, civil rights leaders chose not to place Colvin at the center of the public campaign against bus segregation. They believed her youth, h...
2026-01-1301 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Sam Hannig, a 2026 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Sam Hannig, a 2026 GHS senior. We talked about shaving his head to raise money for pediatric cancer research, loving to read when much of the world isn't taking the time, playing in a punk metal band, dealing with loss, playing different characters on stage, and so much more. Enjoy!
2026-01-041h 38
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Anabelle Burt, a 2026 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Anabelle Burt, a 2026 GHS senior. We talked about being adopted, juggling two different cultures, volunteering with Foster Forward, applying to college with a gap year in mind, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-11-241h 14
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Miho Gillespie, a 2025 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Miho Gillespie, a 2025 GHS graduate. We talked about dealing with trauma at a young age, building meaningful relationships, exploring theatre in her senior year, taking AP environmental and the take action project that came with it, working while in high school, choosing the right college, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-09-221h 39
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Sarah Soliman, a 2025 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Sarah Soliman, a 2025 GHS graduate. We talked about her traveling to Egypt, being the GHS stage manager, playing the viola, becoming a Zonta's Women Leadership Award finalist, navigating life with a bi-cultural background, discovering her interest in neuroscience, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-08-231h 41
Christiane Amanpour - Biography FlashAmanpour's Viral Week: Grilling World Leaders, Shaping Global DiscourseChristiane Amanpour BioSnap a weekly updated Biography.Christiane Amanpour dominated the global news conversation this past week, her profile surging across broadcast, podcasts, and social media. On August 15, she helmed a widely discussed episode of Amanpour and Company that PBS and Politico praised as a “masterclass in urgent journalism.” That episode featured a hard-hitting conversation with Bill Browder about Putin’s defiant posture ahead of the Alaska summit and David Sanger of the New York Times, who unpacked Trump’s ambitions for a potential second term and the implications for global stability. Amanpour’s exchanges with D.C. officials...
2025-08-2303 minChristiane Amanpour - Biography FlashAmanpour's Viral Moments: Candid Interviews, Stunning Revelations, and What's Next for the Iconic JournalistChristiane Amanpour BioSnap a weekly updated Biography.Christiane Amanpour has been everywhere in the international news arena this week. On August 15, Amanpour anchored a much-discussed episode of Amanpour and Company that fans are calling a “masterclass in urgent journalism.” She led incisive conversations with figures like Bill Browder on Putin’s pre-summit hard line and New York Times correspondent David Sanger on Trump’s global ambitions for a possible second term, while grilling D.C. officials about the National Guard deployment and pressing U.S. aid experts about mounting famine fears in Sudan. Politico and PBS singled out her disc...
2025-08-1603 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Alex Organ, a 2025 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Alex Organ, a 2025 GHS graduate. We talked about how a decision to join Lego Robotics in 5th grade started an interest and trajectory towards the sciences, his motivations for joining the golf and tennis teams, the independent study options at GHS, the new SDL English class, his choice to attend THE Ohio State University, and so much more. Enjoy! Shout Out to Hayes Browder for composing the music used in this episode. Also, a huge thank you to The Granville Education Foundation. Their...
2025-07-241h 12
CinemascopeCactus ClubProducer, Elizabeth MarrsLiz has been acting and telling stories since being cast as a child clown for a brief stint with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum Baily Circus. After college she moved from the stage to the classroom, becoming a college professor teaching art history. Since leaving academia she has appeared in many theater productions in Albuquerque and non-union films and commercials inNew Mexico and Utah. Working as a producer for Cactus club has been a pleasure and she looks forward to seeing the series go into production in the next year. Currently, Liz i...
2025-06-1426 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Georgia Coffey, a 2025 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Georgia Coffey, a 2025 GHS graduate. We talked about dealing with alopecia, joining Young Life, learning from a car crash, being a big sister to five siblings, having a job, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-06-031h 00
The Reader of Black Genius PodcastThe Journey of a Cultural Historian: Insights from Anthony BrowderDerrick Young and Anthony T. Browder engage in a profound conversation that navigates the intersections of history, education, and identity. Browder, a self-taught cultural historian, shares insights from his 35-year journey studying ancient Egypt, emphasizing the critical role that self-education plays in reclaiming African heritage. The discussion highlights the influence of foundational texts and notable scholars, illustrating how these works sparked Browder's passion for history and shaped his mission to educate others about their roots.Browder recounts his upbringing in Chicago, where systemic barriers often obscured the rich narratives of African history. He stresses the importance of...
2025-05-231h 39
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Carson Murphy, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Carson Murphy, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about what it was like growing up in a house full of sisters, the transition through COVID, his basketball journey, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-05-1636 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Carson Murphy, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Carson Murphy, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about what it was like growing up in a house full of sisters, the transition through COVID, his basketball journey, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-05-1636 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Jordyn York, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Jordyn York, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about her journey with competitive rock climbing, splitting time between two households, being an older sister, taking more challenging course work regardless of what the grade might be on the other side, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-04-231h 33
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Chloe Thatcher, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Chloe Thatcher, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about finding your thing in a sea of options, taking advantage of independent study opportunities, navigating OCD, having incredible grandparents, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-03-301h 59
James O'Brien DailyWhat can the free world do if Donald Trump is in Putin's pocket?US President Donald Trump has escalated his attack on Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, calling him a "dictator" and saying he is to blame the war with Russia. Prime Minister Keir Starmer has defended Zelensky as "Ukraine's democratically elected leader". What should we do when the leader of the free world, Donald Trump, is in the pocket of Vladimir Putin? James speaks with Sir Bill Browder, anti-corruption campaigner and head of the Global Magnitsky Justice Campaign, to find out.This episode was recorded on the 20th February. Catch James O'Brien weekdays from 10am on LBC.
2025-02-2052 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Beckett Long, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Beckett Long, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about managing life utilizing three buckets, running his Ruff Cuff vintage clothing hustle, living with a foreign exchange student, using athletics as a tool to access a reach school, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-02-141h 09
虚实之间True ImaginationE062 杰伊·古尔德：是撕裂规则的大亨，还是冷血逐利的魔鬼？非典型商业人物系列的第三期，我们为大家带来一位大亨---杰伊·古尔德的故事，后世对他的评价大都非常负面，但曾与他在利益方面争得不可开交的对手却给予了他高度评价，他不断地打破和利用规则为自己牟利，一生积累了巨量的财富。所以我们想把评判古尔德是否应该被钉在耻辱柱上的权力交给我们的听众，看看大家听完他的故事会有什么样的感受。本期主播：老饕、活在当下本期内容：02:20 杰伊·古尔德并不愉快的幼年回忆05:42 从学校毕业后刻苦自学测量学，并成为测量员09:14 从铁匠铺簿记员到皮革鞣制厂合伙人12:56 合伙人争端后，古尔德进军金融行业19:35 古尔德声名鹊起，与德鲁和菲斯克结识27:08 德鲁阵营和范德比尔特阵营的伊利铁路之争33:48 范德比尔特退出，古尔德为德鲁设下完美做空陷阱37:44 古尔德试图垄断黄金市场，黑色星期五爆发47:03 菲斯克死于非命，古尔德被骗子戈登·戈登诈骗53:21 古尔德采取各种手段打造了自己的铁路帝国和电报帝国56:08 经济危机的必然性59:23 财富和资本并不等于生命的精彩62:12 世界是个游乐场，规则皆可为我所用本期音乐：DuDa --- IAN POST本期推荐书籍&电影：《American Rascal》 Greg Steinmetz 著《Sold! How America's Greatest Sales and Marketing Titans Pulled It Off》 Daniel Alef 著《The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War》 James L. Huston 著《The Money Game in Old New York》 Clifford Browder 著《The Gold Ring: Jim Fisk, Jay Gould, and Black Friday, 1869》 Kenneth D. Ackerman 著电影《Margin Call》 导演：J·C·尚多尔本期文稿后续将发布在微信公众号：虚实之间True Imagination节目微博：虚实de老饕、虚实de活在当下
2025-02-121h 05
Iain Dale - The Whole ShowShould young rioters have their criminal records wiped?Should young rioters have their criminal records wiped? Plus, Bill Browder takes your calls on whether Trump can push Putin to the table.Joining Iain Dale on Cross Question this evening are SNP MP Kirsty Blackman, Tory MP Greg Smith, immigration campaigner Zoe Gardner and political commentator James Starkie.
2025-01-282h 26
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Sophia Shinka, a 2025 GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Sophia Shinka, a 2025 GHS Senior and soon to be graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about adjusting to new situations, knowing when it is time to give up and when you should double down, working with a college counseling consultant to help manage applying and finding the right school, embracing discomfort, ways to manage anxiety, and so much more. Enjoy!
2025-01-221h 07
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleHappy Birthday to the Podcast: One Year Celebration EpisodeThe show has reached the one year mark. To celebrate, I went back to each episode and pulled the responses to the question that asked each guest to identify the one thing they would go back and tell their middle school self that would have made navigating middle and high school a little bit easier. Thank you again to my ten guests, Bjorn, Audrey, Nora, Abby, Annabelle, Kara, Sydney, Dimi, Kate, and Noah. I appreciate you and am blown away by the introspection and thoughtfulness you offered inside each of your episodes. I also want to thank my listeners...
2024-08-1025 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Noah Hausman, a 2024 GHS Graduate
On this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Noah Hausman, a 2024 GHS Graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about how Covid provided a pause and needed perspective, when to stick with something and when to let it go, the importance of teammates and partners, how to show up for friends when they need you the most, intentional course selection and scheduling, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-07-151h 01
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Kate Miller, a 2024 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Kate Miller, a 2024 GHS Graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about confronting imposter syndrome, taking on big things while maintaining realistic expectations, realizing that leadership and learning happen during the messy times, seeing the connection between leadership, listening, and advice giving, embracing your weird, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-06-201h 13
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Dimi Martinez, A 2024 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Dimi Martinez, a 2024 GHS Graduate. We had the opportunity to talk about moving schools in the middle of a pandemic, finding your people, considering ROI when selecting a college, mental health, the importance of building relationships, understanding that you have to be stressed to learn how to manage stress, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-05-271h 01
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Sydney Ley, a GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Sydney Ley, a 2024 GHS Senior. We had the opportunity to talk about selecting the right college, building strong relationships with teachers, the importance of communication, falling in love with the French culture, balancing school expectations while dealing with health issues, the power of student directed learning, making maple syrup, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-04-2849 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Kara Bergeron, a GHS SeniorOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Kara Bergeron, a 2024 GHS Senior. We had the opportunity to talk about the Global Scholars Program, all things running, selecting a college, prioritizing sleep, normalizing struggle, coming to terms with not having it all figured out, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-03-3144 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Annabelle Ott, a GHS Senior
On this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with Annabelle Ott, a 2024 GHS Senior. We had the opportunity to talk about finding your place in the world, how moments in our life put us on our path, navigating life while splitting time between two homes, choosing C-TEC, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-03-0154 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Abby Sanders, a 2023 GHS GraduateOn this episode, I had the opportunity to catch up with 2023 GHS graduate, Abby Sanders. Abby was home for winter break following a successful first semester at the University of Maryland. In the episode, we talk about her trips to Israel, a high school study abroad opportunity, what sports teach us about real life, picking a college major, working in high school, battling home sickness, and so much more. Enjoy!
2024-01-211h 06
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Nora Carrington, a GHS JuniorIn this episode we talk about taking a year off traditional school to travel, building a strong sense of self, finding confidence, using your voice, getting a job, dealing with depression, and so much more.
*Episode note: Neither of us are professionals in the space of mental health or dealing with depression. We share our personal journeys in hopes they help to remove the stigma around feeling depressed. If you are feeling depressed, please reach out to someone you love, a resource in your school, or call the 988 helpline.
2023-12-181h 32
Minimum CompetenceLegal News for 12/1 - Santos Indicted and Maybe to be Expelled, Montana TikTok ban Blocked, Google Calls for Antitrust Action Against Microsoft, Meta Sues FTC and Purdue Pharma Settlement ProblemsOn this day in legal history, December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African American woman, sparked an inflection point in the American Civil Rights Movement. Working as a seamstress at the Montgomery Fair department store, Parks was returning home on a city bus during rush hour in Montgomery, Alabama. The buses had a segregated seating policy, reserving the front 10 seats for white passengers. Parks sat in the first row behind these reserved seats. As the bus became crowded, the driver, James Blake, ordered Parks and three other African American passengers to vacate their seats for white passengers. While...
2023-12-0113 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Audrey Stankunas, a GHS SeniorOn this episode, we had the opportunity to catch up with GHS senior, Audrey Stankunas. We talk about applying for college, managing a healthy extra-curricular life, embracing empathy, finding a voice, and a host of other topics. Enjoy!
2023-11-1751 min
Newcomer PodThe AI Personal Stack (with Joshua Browder)I’m back from my honeymoon in Japan. Thanks for sticking with the newsletter as I celebrated my wedding this year. Expect more of my newsletter writing soon. If you have tips or story ideas for me, you can always reach out at eric@newcomer.co.I hope you’ve been enjoying the Cerebral Valley podcast series while I’ve been gone. If you missed the first three episodes, you can check them out in the links below:* The Cerebral Valley Podcast: Artificial Intelligence Becomes Reality* AI Kills Us All (with Daniel...
2023-11-011h 23
Dead CatThe AI Personal Stack (with Joshua Browder)I’m back from my honeymoon in Japan. Thanks for sticking with the newsletter as I celebrated my wedding this year. Expect more of my newsletter writing soon. If you have tips or story ideas for me, you can always reach out at eric@newcomer.co.I hope you’ve been enjoying the Cerebral Valley podcast series while I’ve been gone. If you missed the first three episodes, you can check them out in the links below:* The Cerebral Valley Podcast: Artificial Intelligence Becomes Reality* AI Kills Us All (with Daniel...
2023-11-011h 23
The Philosophy of Crime602: Why Is Bail the Worst Idea Ever?In the United States, cash bail keeps hundreds of thousands of people behind bars, even when they are presumed to be innocent.Covered topics: Maurice Jimmerson, bail, bonds, Kalief Browder, liberty, Isaiah Berlin, positive liberty, negative liberty, Pretrial Fairness Act, Further Reading:https://www.walb.com/2021/01/04/murder-warrants-issued-albany-october-homicide/https://www.walb.com/story/33773305/kennedy-sentenced-in-connection-with-drive-by-shooting/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hung-jury-means-georgia-man-jailed-10-years-101651291https://www.walb.com/2023/07/28/albany-shooting-victims-family-still-looking-justice-10-years-later/https://wfxl.com/news/local/indictments-in-fatal-drive-by-shooting-involving-a-babyhttps://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2023/04/26/georgia-man-behind-bars-10-years-still-waiting-his-day-court/...
2023-10-1224 min
Newcomer PodThe Cerebral Valley Podcast: Artificial Intelligence Becomes RealityIn the past 12 months, it has felt like “AI” transformed from a pair of letters that companies affixed to their latest product announcements to get some extra marketing luster to the shorthand for a genuine technology revolution. ChatGPT, Dall-E, Midjourney, and more showed the world what artificial intelligence is now capable of doing. Then, the funding started pouring in for every startup that had anything to do with those two letters. Every venture firm needed to bet on their own foundational model and every startup needed to get its hands on Nvidia’s H100s to tra...
2023-10-101h 01
Dead CatThe Cerebral Valley Podcast: Artificial Intelligence Becomes RealityIn the past 12 months, it has felt like “AI” transformed from a pair of letters that companies affixed to their latest product announcements to get some extra marketing luster to the shorthand for a genuine technology revolution. ChatGPT, Dall-E, Midjourney, and more showed the world what artificial intelligence is now capable of doing. Then, the funding started pouring in for every startup that had anything to do with those two letters. Every venture firm needed to bet on their own foundational model and every startup needed to get its hands on Nvidia’s H100s to tra...
2023-10-101h 01
The Entirety of Flight Through Entirety: A Doctor Who Podcast CollectionFTE: Baseless Criticism (Under the Lake)This week, we’re playing Doctor Who madlibs — cowering in an UNDERWATER BASE, waiting for the ELECTROMAGNETIC GHOSTS to pick us off one by one. Fortunately, Peter Capaldi and some attractive young people are here to keep us entertained. We’re Under the Lake.
Notes and links
The CEO of this base under siege is apparently called Richard Pritchard, a name some of us first encountered in Broken News, a 2005 comedy which replicated the exprience of channel hoping between 24-hour news channels during an emerging international crisis. On one of those channels, news anchor Richard Pritch...
2023-10-0150 min
Flight Through Entirety: A Doctor Who PodcastBaseless Criticism (Under the Lake)This week, we’re playing Doctor Who madlibs — cowering in an UNDERWATER BASE, waiting for the ELECTROMAGNETIC GHOSTS to pick us off one by one. Fortunately, Peter Capaldi and some attractive young people are here to keep us entertained. We’re Under the Lake.
Notes and links
The CEO of this base under siege is apparently called Richard Pritchard, a name some of us first encountered in Broken News, a 2005 comedy which replicated the exprience of channel hoping between 24-hour news channels during an emerging international crisis. On one of those channels, news anchor Richard Pritch...
2023-10-0150 min
Educational Archeology: Thriving in the MiddleA Conversation w/Bjorn Ludwig, a 2019 GHS GraduateIn this episode, I of course cover our typical questions geared towards accessing great advice for thriving, not just surviving, in middles school. But, you will also get to hear our thoughts about Artificial Intelligence, herding sheep in New Zealand, and playing the violin. No matter where you might be in your journey, each of these experiences, in the hands of Bjorn, have incredibly powerful insights to offer. Enjoy.
2023-09-171h 04
Iona Speaks About Soaring CourageouslyMotherhood and HealthcareIn the last episode, we unearthed another perspective of motherhood as it relates to infertility. Since there is so much to discuss about this topic, we wanted to share more. In this episode, we begin to delve into Michelle Browder's sculpture , "The Mothers of Gynecology," that was unveiled during the month of May in Montgomery, Alabama. This sculpture highlights three emerging adults (Anarcha, Lucy, and Betsey https://www.anarchalucybetsey.org/), who were African Slaves in the 1800s and had their human rights stripped away from them to be grossly experimented on in the name of "Science" by Dr. James Mar...
2023-07-0131 min
First Lady & FriendsTrade mission recap, 2023 Special Olympics World Games, and TED Talks with Kirsten Rappleye and Sarah AllredIn this week's episode, Utah's First Lady Abby Cox is joined by Kirsten Rappleye (Director of First Lady’s Initiatives) and Sarah Allred (Deputy Director of First Lady's Initiatives) to talk about the First Lady's recent trade mission to Europe, attending the opening ceremonies for the 2023 Special Olympics World Games in Berlin, and what our TED Talks would be if we were to give one.
We also talk about this year's Governor's Mansion Artist Awards, a few of our favorite recent service opportunities, and celebrating Bryce Canyon National Park's 100th birthday.
Lastly, we preview our upcom...
2023-06-3047 min
Unsung HistoryMadame Restell, "The Wickedest Woman in New York"In 19th Century New York, everyone knew who to go to to end an unwanted pregnancy: the French-trained, sophisticated Madame Restell, who lived in a posh mansion on 5th Avenue. In reality, Madame Restell was English immigrant Ann Trow Lohman, and she had never even been to France, but she managed to combine medical skill with her carefully crafted public persona to become tremendously wealthy, while providing a much-needed service. As the legal landscape of the United States grew ever more conservative, Madame Restell did her best to evade the authorities, and then Anthony Comstock knocked on her door.
2023-03-2042 min
Building Abundant Success!!© with Sabrina-MarieA Look at Browder vs Gayle Decision, M.I.A. Rosa Parks & Civil Rights & The 14th Amendment. The Truth!! Aurelia S. Browder, Rosa Parks, The 14th AmendmentOn this Anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, I speak with a Guest, Robert James of The Dexter King Memorial Baptist Church. He was a kid at the time of this Historical Event, I ask what life for him & Black people was like everyday during Segregated Times so we can understand of Living Conditions & Laws of that time.On December 5th, 1955, Rosa Park refused her seat on the Bus to a White Passenger. A few months later, the case of Browder vs Gayle, The Famous Court Case th...
2022-12-0144 min
Distrust & Disparities: Dismantling Black Health DisparitiesMothers of GynecologyIn this episode we discuss the mothers of gynecology: Anarcha, Betsey, and Lucy. They were enslaved women that were experimented on by Dr. James Marion Sims to perfect surgical techniques for women.
And we highlight The Black ObGyn Project whose mission is to educate and promote anti-racism, equity, and inclusion within gynecology, women's health, and reproductive health care.
Visit The Black ObGyn Project to learn more about their important work, view their resources, and to donate.
If you would like to suggest a topic we should discuss, shar...
2022-11-0441 min
Run It By My LawyerNew York Attorney General is Corrupt. Prove Me WrongIn this episode of Run It By My Lawyer, Joe Samo exposes the corrupt nature of the New York Attorney General's Office.
Letitia James, the attorney general, is wasting taxpayer money and letting convicted criminals off the hook in her chase to take down Donald Trump. Allen Weisselberg pleaded guilty to defrauding the State of New York out of millions of dollars - and he got a slap on the wrist just so he can help New York AG go after Donald Trump.
New York's late resident Kaleif Browder was a young man who was wrongly...
2022-09-2442 min
The Drew and Choody ShowEpisode 12: Rethinking American Policing feat. Claire TaylorDrew and Choody, joined by special guest Claire Taylor, discuss the many issues associated with policing and the criminal justice system in the United States. Topics include over-policing, influence of corporate media, fixing material conditions that lead to crime, disproportionate domestic abuse, inadequate police training, lack of accountability, police militarization, and Castle Rock v. Gonzales.
Timestamps:
Intro & Banter 0:00-4:18
Discussion 4:19
Originally recorded on July 5, 2022
Sources:
1. https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/09/police-officers-who-hit-their-wives-or-girlfriends/380329/
2. 13th Netflix documentary
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Legislative_Exchange_Council
4. https://en...
2022-08-261h 06
Aspen UKThe Future of RussiaWhen Russia’s President Vladimir Putin ordered the invasion of neighbouring Ukraine in February 2022, he plunged his country and his citizens into an ongoing period of economic decline and global isolation. On day one of the war, he ramped up Russia’s propaganda machine and began conducting country-wide crackdowns on signs of protest and dissent. The government imposed travel restrictions on its citizens, but nearly 4 million Russians were reported to have left the country by early May 2022.Many of those who have left belong to the generation of outward-looking entrepreneurs and creatives who have lived, worked, or stud...
2022-07-0853 min
The People’s School for Marxist-Leninist StudiesFor The Emancipation Of Black People From Imperialism - PSMLS ReadsThe People's School for Marxist-Leninist Studies presents a July 1929 report to the 2nd World Congress of the League Against Imperialism at Frankfort, Germany, by comrade James W. Ford. This speech particularly highlights the relationship between the toiling Black peoples around the world and the effects of the imperialist WWI. Check out our partner publishing house at newoutlookpublishers.net.
Connect with PSMLS: linktr.ee/PSMLS
Literature Used:
Communists and the Struggle for Negro Liberation (1929)
ourcloud.usvanguard.net/s/x9HXPTmL9Q6NN2d
Recommended Literature:
Readers' Guide to Marxist Classics by Maurice Cornforth (1954)
www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/maurice-cornforth/readers-…
Di...
2022-05-0135 min
VelshiAli Velshi live from Lviv, UkraineAli Velshi is joined by NBC’s Molly Hunter in Kyiv, NBC’s Raf Sanchez from Lviv, Fmr. Director for European Affairs, National Security Council retired Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, Editor, Geopolitical Intelligence Services and former Chief Editor & Executive Director of the Kyiv Post Brian Bonner, Member of Ukrainian Parliament Dmytro Gurin, Russian opposition politician Vladimir Kara-Murza, Emergency Coordinator,Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)/Doctors without Borders Alex Wade, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, former Representative of Jordan to the United Nations & former Ambassador of Jordan to the United States, and Professor, Practice of Law and Human R...
2022-04-101h 27VelshiLive from Warsaw, PolandLive from Warsaw, PolandAli Velshi is joined by NBC’s Jacob Soboroff from Lviv, former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine William Taylor, founder and host of ‘Black Diplomats’ podcast Terrell Jermaine Starr in Ukraine, Member of the Parliament of Ukraine Lesia Vasylenko, UNICEF Spokesperson James Elder, Chair of Urban Warfare Studies at the Madison Policy Forum Major (ret.) John Spencer, Head of Global Magnitsky Justice Campaign William Browder, former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, Eurasia Director at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and author of “Putinomics” Chris Miller, and Ukrainian Refugee Nastya Shpot.
To listen to this show and o...
2022-03-271h 21
Max Effort Audio NetworkQ&A with 9 Year Old - James BrowderOn today's bonus episode, Cory welcomes on a kid who is only nine years old to ask him some questions!
2022-01-0332 min
EPM Org. Podcast w/ Evangelist MackeyJohn Wesley just who was the Founder of the Methodist?Who was the founder of the Methodist Church, the man who took a small group of Theology students in groups of eleven with one Bible Study Teacher and grew this small Holy Club to the huge Christian Denomination it is today? Well for starters this man that was the method behind Methodism to the founder of the Methodist church is non-other than John Wesley.John Wesley was born on June 17, 1703, into a strong Anglican home his father, Samuel, was a priest, his mother, Susanna, taught religion and morals faithfully to her nineteen children. Wesley went to the...
2021-12-0432 minThe People’s School for Marxist-Leninist StudiesParty Building & Political Leadership (pt. 4/5) - PSMLS AudioThe People's School for Marxist-Leninist Studies presents the fourth part of a five-part series covering the pamphlet "Party Building and Political Leadership" by comrades William Z. Foster, James Ford, Charles Krumbein, and Alex Bittleman. This specific episode pulls primarily from comrade James Ford's contribution to the pamphlet. Strengthening the Party, particularly within ethnic and diverse communities, is an essential component of building the Communist movement. This text should prove useful to anyone looking to help build socialism in the United States.
Interested in attending a class? Email info@psmls.org for more information
Literature Used In This Class:
Party Building...
2021-10-0139 min
THE BLUES REPORTS, Produced by Reco Bembry, Sponsored by B.U.I.L.D.Raylin James Raw Interview (Ellensburg WA.)Raylin James - Fights for Justice and Freedom in Washington State Courts, is he being treated with fairness? Does his melanated skin provide a glaring disadvantage? How can we support his journey? After 16 months behind bars, Jaylin continues to proclaim his innocence while the blindfolded Just Us continues to treat him like a marginalized citizen. His fight for justice is a little different than that of, Oscar Grant, Bryonna Taylor, and the many more lives lost, caught up in the carceral state. The significant difference is "he's alive, he's strong, he's fighting for his freedom and he can tell hi...
2021-09-2912 min
Reasonably Happy with Paul OllingerCrazy Money TrailerComedian Paul Ollinger started Crazy Money to explore the connection between money, happiness, work, and meaning through the lens of his guests' expertise and/or money journeys. Preveious interviewees include prominent authors, academics, CEOs, celebrities, and winners of the Nobel Prize, Heisman Trophy, PGA Championship, and Olympic Gold medals, including:
Academics: Princeton's Sir Angus Deaton (Nobel laureate) and Peter Singer (“the world’s most influential living philosopher”), Yale’s Laurie Santos, Brookings' Richard Reeves, Jonathan Rauch, and Carol Graham, Oxford’s Will MacAskill, UC Berkeley’s Barry Schwartz on The Paradox of Choice, Yale Law School’s Daniel Markovits.
Journ...
2021-03-0202 min
The Last Black Man StandingGorilla Glued To Stupidity: Are You Out of Your Damn Mind?We can't make this stuff up. People are using Gorilla Glue to show us how crazy the world is getting. Join our discussion on Gorilla Glue and equality, among other things. This show was fun and informative again.
Reach out and leave us some comments or questions. Leave A Message
Support the show. Click Here.
Connect with us on Instagram. @thelast_bms
Resources
Books:
To Be A Slave by Julius Lester
Nile Valley Contributions To Civilization by Anthony T Browder
Ps...
2021-02-1729 min
The Last Black Man StandingThroat Babies, Home-grown Terrorists, & Scared NegroesJoin us in our 5th installment of TLBMS. Help us examine the impact of modern rap/hip-hop music, child-rearing in Black communities, and reasons why black folks will not be black. This will be a good one.
Leave a voicemail on our Anchor profile. Leave A Voicemail
Feel free to support the channel. Support Here
Email us at feedback@thelastblackmanstanding.com
Resources
Books:
The Music of Time by Preston Nichols & Peter Moon
The Haunting of Hip Hop by Dr. Bertice Berry
...
2021-02-1033 min
The Non-ProphetsThe Non-Prophets 20.06 2021-01-27 with Jena Miyu, Mikey Famine, Neil the 604 Atheist and MaltyA constructive panel discussion of episode 20.06 of The Non-Prophets airing February 7th with Jena Miyu, Neil The 604 Atheist, Malty and Guest Host Mikey Famine.This episode is focused on having a conversation about implicit racial bias, discrimination, and black social justice. In honor of Black History Month, while acknowledging the unrest of racial disparities, positive affirmation, interfaith dialogue, and hope is encouraged. In our “Looking Back” segment, Shirley Chisolm demonstrates proof of perseverance and leadership for current minority leaders that are making history today.Links to the articles and resources discussed on this episode are below.
2021-02-081h 23
The Last Black Man StandingCaught At a Cosmic Crossroads: The Role of Black Men, The Mantle, & The ChallengeJoin us as we discuss the role of African American men in American society, the crap that comes with it, and Black History Month. We even brought up a few statistics in this episode. Please chime in.
Leave us a voicemail and share your opinion. Email - comments@thelastblackmandstanding.com.
We look forward to engaging with you.
Resources:
Articles-
No Progress For African Americans in Over 50 years by Tracy Jan for Washington Post
Books-
Black Rage by William H Grier & Price M. Cobbs
The Falsification of Black Consciousness by Amos Wilson
From the Browder File Vol 2: Survival Strategies for Africans In A...
2021-02-0333 min
Bloom Into Your Best SelfEpisode #54: When Black Folks Get WokeToday I talk about what happens when Black people get woke. I name three things that I believe happen when Black folks get woke. I also share tips for both Black and non-Black people to engage in to support the Black awakening. Take a listen it's a wonderful episode. For your cultural tidbit I'm encouraging you all to do two things: 1) Watch "Out of Darkness" a documentary by Anthony Browder on Amazon Prime. 2) Research one of the Black Civil Rights leaders featured today. Both Francis James Grimké and Fannie Lou Hamer did some amazing work for the cause. You can a...
2020-11-2056 min
A Guest in the HouseTheory and PracticeResources:
Dr. Kaila Story’s Strange Fruit podcast: https://wfpl.org/category/podcasts/strange-fruit/
Robin DiAngelo’s White Fragility (and backlash): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/magazine/white-fragility-robin-diangelo.html
Claudia Rankine: https://time.com/5887426/claudia-rankine-just-us-racism/
Yusuf Hawkins: https://www.hbo.com/documentaries/yusuf-hawkins-storm-over-brooklyn
Paddy Duke: https://www.complex.com/music/2020/08/hot-97-fires-paddy-duke-after-doc-reveals-alleged-ties-to-mob-that-killed-yusuf-hawkins
Kalief Browder: https://www.netflix.com/title/80187052
Black Joy: https://www.self.com/story/black-joy
David Pilgrim’s Watermelons, Nooses, and Straight Razors https://www.ipgbook.com/watermelons--nooses--and-straight-razors-products-9781629634371.php
----------Music Courtesy of Traum...
2020-09-2958 min
The Think Dispensary PodcastThe Think Dispensary Episode 6 "The Wire... Rochester"*Think Dispensary Special News *
Due to the recent events in Rochester N.Y the fellas tackle there emotions on the topic being as thats the Home Town ...
we think back to the Master Teachers / elders and figure we can only do what we do.... Speak on it and make em think ...
no gimmicks just teachers to look up in this description...
Steve Cokely
Jon Henrik Clarke
Dr Ben Yosef
Dr Ivan van Sertima
Dr Cheikh Anta Diop
Professor James Smalls
Dick Gregory
Tony Browder
Dr Francis Cress
Dr Sebi
Delbert Blair
Dr Phil Valentine
Dr Barashango
Ashra Kwesi
Dr LlAila A...
2020-09-081h 08
Media Path PodcastTrump/Russia featuring Michael IsikoffMichael Isikoff is an American investigative journalist, who has worked for the Washington Post, Newsweek and NBC News. He is the author of three New York Times bestsellers including, with David Corn, Russian Roulette. His reporting for this book took him deep inside the Trump/Russia scandal in which unprecedented political chicanery merged the interests of the Republican Party with those of KGB trained Russian Kleptocratic ruler Vladimir Putin. The Russian Roulette narrative lays out a tale of international intrigue, cyber espionage, and superpower rivalry, examining just how Russian spies, hackers and trolls inserted themselves into our political system...
2020-07-2049 min
To Die ForEpisode 14: Podcast Blackout - Black Lives MatterBlack Lives Matter - Justice for George Floyd - Say Their NamesEMMETT TILL - MEDGAR EVERS - DR MARTIN LUTHER KING JR - HENRY SMITH - JOHN CRAWFORD III - MICHAEL BROWN - EZELL FORD - DANTE PARKER - MICHELLE CUSSEAUX - LAQUAN MCDONALD - TANISHA ANDERSON - AKAI GURLEY - TAMIR RICE - RUMAIN BRISBON - JERAME REID - MATTHEW AJIBADE - JAMES N. POWELL JR. - FRANK SMART - NATASHA MCKENNA - TONY ROBINSON - ANTHONY HILL - MYA HALL - PHILLIP WHITE - ERIC HARRIS - WALTER SCOTT - WILLIAM CHAPMAN...
2020-06-1408 min
Cineclube da Masmorra (MasmorraCine)Além da Imaginação Podcast: S01E27 The Big Tall WishBem vindos à Zona do Crepúsculo!
Angélica Hellish e Marcos Noriega convidaram o amiga Érika Ribeiro dos podcasts Erika’s Small Talk e Seriadores Anônimos para trazer as suas impressões e referências sobre o vigésimo sétimo episódio da primeira temporada, The Big Tall Wish (no Brasil, O Maior Dos Desejos) um episódio que nos convida a refletir sobre a questão do racismo e a morte dos sonhos.
Inscreva-se no nosso canal no Youtube. Os podcasts também estão sendo publicados lá. Nossos podcasts são publicados às segundas e sextas...
2019-04-1354 min
Masmorra CineAlém da Imaginação Podcast: S01E27 The Big Tall WishBem vindos à Zona do Crepúsculo! Angélica Hellish e Marcos Noriega convidaram o amiga Érika Ribeiro dos podcasts Erika’s Small Talk e Seriadores Anônimos para trazer as suas impressões e referências sobre o vigésimo sétimo episódio da primeira temporada, The Big Tall Wish (no Brasil, O Maior Dos Desejos) um episódio que nos convida a refletir sobre a questão do racismo e a morte dos sonhos. Inscreva-se no nosso canal no Youtube. Os podcasts também estão sendo publicados lá. Nossos podcasts são publicados às segundas e sextas feiras, assine o feed e não perc...
2019-04-1354 min
Além da Imaginação PodcastS01E027 The Big Tall WishBem vindos à Zona do Crepúsculo!Angélica Hellish e Marcos Noriega convidaram o amiga Érika Ribeiro dos podcasts Erika’s Small Talk e Seriadores Anônimos para trazer as suas impressões e referências sobre o vigésimo sétimo episódio da primeira temporada, The Big Tall Wish (no Brasil, O Maior Dos Desejos) um episódio que nos convida a refletir sobre a questão do racismo e a morte dos sonhos.Inscreva-se no nosso canal no Youtube. Os podcasts também estão sendo publicados lá. Nossos podcasts são publicados às segundas e sextas...
2019-04-1254 min
Aspen Ideas to GoStill Healing: Charlottesville, One Year LaterOne year after a deadly hate rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, the city continues to heal. White supremacists gathered at the University of Virginia and then in downtown Charlottesville in mid-August last year. Protesters clashed and a young woman, Heather Heyer, died in the fray. Now, the historic city that was once home to Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe is also associated with the white supremacist hate rallies. Why did these groups choose Charlottesville? What has Charlottesville learned, and what can it teach America about healing and resilience in a time of re-surging hate and divisiveness? Slate Chief Political Correspondent...
2018-08-0853 min
Nash Holos Ukrainian Roots Radio PodcastNash Holos Nanaimo 2018-0627 Hour 1Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: A chat with Dave Bloom about the restoration of a synagogue in Drohobycz • Feature interview: MP James Bezan, Shadow Minister for Defence for the Conservative Party discusses lethal aid to Ukraine, Operation Unifier, Bill Browder and the Sergei Magnitsky Act • Ukrainian Proverb of the Week • Other Items of Interest • Great Ukrainian music! This hour is in English. Your host: Pawlina. Nash Holos Ukrainian Roots Radio airs live in Nanaimo on Wednesdays from 11am-1pm PST on CHLY 101.7FM, broadcasting to the north and central Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, Sunshine Coast, northwest Washington State and Greater...
2018-06-2857 minNash Holos Ukrainian Roots Radio PodcastNash Holos Vancouver 2018-0623Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: A chat with Dave Bloom about the restoration of a synagogue in Drohobycz • Feature interview: MP James Bezan, Shadow Minister for Defence for the Conservative Party discusses lethal aid to Ukraine, Operation Unifier, Bill Browder and the Sergei Magnitsky Act • Ukrainian Proverb of the Week • Local community events • Other Items of Interest • Great Ukrainian music! Join me - Pawlina - for the Vancouver edition of Nash Holos Ukrainian Roots Radio—every Saturday at 6pm PST on AM1320 CHMB Vancouver. Reminder: You can also hear the Nanaimo edition in Vancouver on Wednesdays from 11am-1pm on ai...
2018-06-2400 min
Legends of S.H.I.E.L.D.: A Marvel Studios TV & Film Fan PodcastONE SHOT: Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol 2 [2017] Review (A Marvel Fancast) LoS174The Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Director SP Rupert, Agent Haley and Agent Lauren discuss the fifteenth installment of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol 2. The agents then finish up the show by running down some weekly Marvel news and responding to listener feedback.
THIS TIME ON LEGENDS OF S.H.I.E.L.D.:
Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol 2
Weekly Marvel News
YOUR feedback!!!!
AGENTS OF S.H.I.E.L.D. [02:20]
GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY VOL 2
Produced By: Kevin Feige
http...
2017-05-141h 16
BRNDD: Conversations with CreativesKalilah Wright(of Mess in a Bottle)Kalilah Wright is the founder of mess in a bottle. A company that makes inspirational shirts and packages them in a special bottle. The brand has been going strong a little over a year now and has even been recognized by the likes of Mark Cuban. Ronald and Donte' kick off the episode talking briefly about Kalief Browder's story, and his music with his cousin, under the crew name Catch the fade. Then Ron gets into how he met Kalilah at Under Armour and she speaks on her architecture background. She also speaks on how she came u...
2017-04-091h 20
The Philippe Matthews ShowAmadeuz Christ on Out of DarknessOut of Darkness examines the untold history of African people, the African cultural contribution to the nations of the world, and the events that have contributed to the condition of African people today.
Out of Darkness is narrated by Prof. Kaba Kamene and co-stars Dr. Umar Johnson, Dr. Claud Anderson, Tim Wise, Prof. James Small, Dr. Joy DeGruy, Anthony Browder, Sabir Bey, Atlantis Browder, and Taj Tarik Bey.
Watch the Live Interview
2016-04-1400 min
Hudson Institute Events PodcastThe Global Magnitsky Act: Ending Impunity for Human Rights AbusersTo address the current impetus for expanding the Magnitsky Act, Hudson Institute hosted a panel discussion including Charles Davidson, Congressman James McGovern (D-MA), Kyle Parker and Bill Browder, author of "Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice."
2015-04-301h 15
Hudson Institute Events PodcastThe Global Magnitsky Act: Ending Impunity for Human Rights AbusersTo address the current impetus for expanding the Magnitsky Act, Hudson Institute hosted a panel discussion including Charles Davidson, Congressman James McGovern (D-MA), Kyle Parker and Bill Browder, author of "Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice."
2015-04-301h 15
Hudson Institute Events PodcastThe Global Magnitsky Act: Ending Impunity for Human Rights AbusersTo address the current impetus for expanding the Magnitsky Act, Hudson Institute hosted a panel discussion including Charles Davidson, Congressman James McGovern (D-MA), Kyle Parker and Bill Browder, author of "Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice."
2015-04-301h 15Alyson Mansfield – FOX News RadioKNF Week In Review – March 2, 2015Here’s a summary of what happened this week on Kilmeade and Friends…some of our guests included: MICHAEL WEISS, MICHAEL GOODWIN, BILL BROWDER, ERICK ERICSON, ALAN DERSHOWITZ, MARTHA MCCALLUM, JAMES ROSEN, JONAH GOLDBERG & CHRIS WALLACE!
2015-03-0600 min
Discover the Best Sellers Audiobooks in Nonfiction and PoliticsRed Notice Audiobook by Bill BrowderListen to the full audiobook free with a 30-day trial. Go tohttps://hotaudiobook.com/freeTitle: Red Notice
Subtitle: A True Story of High Finance, Murder and One Man's Fight for Justice
Author: Bill Browder
Narrator: Adam Grupper
Format: Unabridged
Length: 14 hrs and 7 mins
Language: English
Release date: 02-03-15
Publisher: Recorded Books
Ratings: 4.5 of 5 out of 4414 votes
Genres: Nonfiction, Politics
Publisher's Summary:
November 2009. An emaciated young lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, is led to a freezing isolation cell in a Moscow prison, handcuffed to a bed rail, and beaten to death by eight police officers.
Contact me for any questions: inforeq17@gmail...
2015-02-032h 07
Bad at SportsBad at Sports Episode 374: apexart/ Stephanie Powell and James WalshThis week: The first in our series of interview we did in partnership with apexart in New York! Duncan, Amanda, and Richard talk with Stephanie Powell and James Walsh about their experiences in the apexart residency program.
From the announcement:
Meeting Location: Radial Bench The High Line enter @ W 29th St. & 10th Ave.
apexart and Bad at Sports wrap up their season of Resident Talk collaborations* with Outbound Residents James Walsh, who traveled to Bangkok, Thailand, and Stephanie Powell, who traveled to Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Duncan...
2012-10-2956 min
Freight Train Boogie PodcastsFTB Show #157 with Moot Davis, Tommy Womack, Shurman, Audrey Auld & I See Hawks In L.A.FTB podcast #157 features the new album by MOOT DAVIS called Man About Town. Here is the RSS feed: http://ftbpodcasts.libsyn.com/rss. Freight Train Boogie podcasts also air weekly on RootHog Radio on Thursday night at 7:00 pm CST and again Friday Morning at 10:00 am CST. Show #157 MOOT DAVIS - Rags To Rhinestones (Man About Town) CHELLE ROSE - Caney Fork Tennessee (Ghost Of Browder Holler) NEW COUNTRY REHAB - Cameo (New Country Rehab) TOMMY WOMACK - I'm Too Old To Feel That Way Right Now (Now...
2012-03-2456 min