Shows
Revelizations7 - Cognitive Bias in Decision Making with Ken Smith and Tessa MudgeOn this episode of Revelizations I have the privilege of sitting down with two experts on decision making, Ken Smith and Tessa Mudge. We discuss metacognition, the importance of decision making and the role cognitive biases have in helping our brains reach decisions, we go into depth about multiple cognitive biases including anchoring bias and confirmation bias, how we as humans have heuristics that aid in decision making, the pros and cons of cognitive biases in decision making, should we use cognitive biases to manipulate people if it is in their and society's best interest, and more. Grab your...2024-11-191h 40
How to Choose5 Lessons - Left Brain, Right StuffIn this episode we look at five lessons from the book 'Left Brain, Right Stuff: How Leaders Make Winning Decisions’ by Phil Rosenzweig. Rosenzweig challenges the assumption that the various biases and heuristics observed by behavioural economists such as Daniel Kahneman will automatically apply in all other arenas of life - and instead tries to demonstrate that the reality is more subtle. But Tess isn't fully convinced by some of Rosenzweig's arguments. What do you think?2024-04-3023 min
How to ChooseInterview - Ultra Trail Runner Patricia McKibbinIn this, our 50th episode, we chat with champion ultra trail runner Patricia McKibbin about the extraordinary world of competitive trail running and get some great tips on how to persevere when times get tough.Inspired by Trish's stories? You can follow her on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/trishmckibbin/2024-02-1334 minHow to ChoosePerseverance - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 8 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of perseverance and why it is important for good decision making. Decision making can be hard work - unless we persevere, we risk settling for a poor choice. And having made that decision, we need perseverance to turn our good choice into a good outcome.If you're interested to learn more about this topic, you might want to grab the book 'Grit' by Angela Duckworth.The full interview with champion trail runner Patricia McKibbin is available as a bonus episode - make sure you check...2024-02-1326 minHow to ChooseReflective - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 7 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of being reflective and why it is important for good decision making. And also why it’s essential for success in life more generally.WHAT TO DO?You can enhance your reflection by:schedule regular time to reflectask yourself specific questions and consider getting an outside perspectivereflect on your successes too, not just when things go wrongLINKSWant to learn more about developing your reflective ability? Here's links to some interesting articles: Research on reflectionhttps://www.ncbi.nl...2024-02-0618 minHow to ChooseAdaptable - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersHeraclitus famously said ‘change is the only constant in life’. We change - as we mature and age - and the world around us is constantly changing. Sometimes we are drivers of change, based on the choices we make. Sometimes change happens to us whether we like it or not. By being adaptable, we can navigate through our changing environment, learning from our mistakes and maximising our chances of achieving our goals.LINKShttps://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbooksauthors/2023/03/13/adaptability-the-secret-sauce-of-leadership/?sh=1c32708e42daHodges, J., & Gill, R., (2015). Kodak: Reacting to core market chang...2024-01-3018 minHow to Choose8 Attributes of Good Decision Makers - PurposeWe discuss the attribute of purpose and why it is so important for good decision making. And also why it’s essential for success in life more generally.2024-01-2618 minHow to ChooseKnowledge hungryIn episode 4 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of being knowledge hungry and why it is important for good decision making.
WHAT TO DO?
You can enhance your hunger for knowledge by:
reading every day, channel Warren Buffet
deliberately seek out information, with an open mind, being open minded is key, otherwise all that new knowledge is not informing your decisions
think like a scientist: accept how little you know and form hypotheses, run experiments, and consistently rethink your understanding of the world
2024-01-2618 minHow to ChooseCourage - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 5 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of having courage and why it is important for good decision making. WHAT TO DO?You can enhance your own or your organisation’s courage by:leaving your ego at the doorspeaking less and listening moreencourage dissent and admit when you are wrongdeliberately seek out information, with an open mindLINKSWant to learn more about becoming more courageous? Here's links to some interesting articles:1. TEDx: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CopAQ88_QfY 2. When leaders heed the less...2024-01-2323 minHow to ChooseKnowledge hungry - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 4 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of being knowledge hungry and why it is important for good decision making. WHAT TO DO?You can enhance your hunger for knowledge by:reading every day, channel Warren Buffetdeliberately seek out information, with an open mind, being open minded is key, otherwise all that new knowledge is not informing your decisionsthink like a scientist: accept how little you know and form hypotheses, run experiments, and consistently rethink your understanding of the world LINKSWant to learn more about becoming more knowledge...2024-01-1618 minHow to ChooseRealistic Optimism - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 3 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of realistic optimism and how it helps us be better decision-makers. SUMMARYRealistic optimism accepts the reality - both good and bad - of every situation, but applies a positive attitude to make the best of the situation and pursue our goals with energyPessimism isn't the same as realism. Pessimism focuses on unlikely negative outcomes and ignores the statistical likelihood that something bad will happen. Being sceptical means not accepting things on face value - it is a questioning, curious mindset that serves us better than pessimismWe can...2024-01-0917 minHow to ChoosePurpose - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 2 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of purpose and why it is important for good decision making. And also why it’s essential for success in life more generally.WHAT TO DO?You can enhance your purpose by:setting short and medium term goals to keep you on track towards your bigger, purpose-driven goals, like being fit and healthyencouraging intrinsic motivation in others by asking questions like “how did you grow today and what do you need for tomorrow?” rather than “what did you achieve today?”in the workplace, when decision-makers understand the organi...2024-01-0218 minHow to ChooseBonus Episode - The Power of Curiosity with Kirsten Siggins & Kathy TabernerIn this episode we chat with Kirsten Siggins and Kathy Taberner, co-authors of 'The Power of Curiosity'. You can find out more about their work at www.instituteofcuriosity.com or follow them on LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kirstensiggins/) and Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/instituteofcuriosity/).2023-12-2657 minHow to ChooseCuriosity - 8 Attributes of Good Decision MakersIn episode 1 of season 5, we discuss the attribute of curiosity and why it is important for good decision making. You'll also hear a short excerpt from our interview with Kirsten Siggins and Kathy Taberner - the full interview is available as a bonus episode.WHAT TO DO?You can enhance (or revive) your innate curiosity by:asking questions (don't let your pride quench your curiosity)getting outside and redeveloping a sense of wonder at the amazing world we live inidentifying gaps in your knowledge - acknowledging what we don't know can help us to...2023-12-2622 min
How to Choose5 Lessons - Good Arguments by Bo SeoFive lessons from two-time world debating champion Bo Seo's book 'Good Arguments'2023-12-1920 minHow to ChooseChoosing to Heal with Dr Patrick KilcarrIn this episode we chat with Dr Patrick Kilcarr, a psychologist and adjunct professor at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. and author of the book ‘Leading an Emotionally Intelligent Life’. He covers so many different topics, including choosing to heal, and how our mindset can change our perception of things.Once we make the decision we want to grow, change or heal, we need to commit ourselves to some honest self-reflection, as Dr Kilcarr says in his book, ‘self reflection is the cornerstone of self-correction’.Find out more about Dr Kilcarr's work here: https...2023-08-2943 minHow to ChooseSelecting an employee (or employer!) with Erin LongmoonIn this interview, we chat with Erin Longmoon, CEO of employment company Zephyr Connects, about the process of selecting a new employee or new employer. Erin encourages us not to settle for second best when it comes to choosing a job. Erin also gives some tips on how to identify what a company or individual's real values are and explains why the social-emotional component of a workplace is so important.If you want to learn more and grab some more tips, check out Zephyr Connects' website - https://www.zephyrconnects.com (You can also find Erin on...2023-08-2240 minHow to ChooseNavigating a career change with Sarah BurrowsIn this interview, we chat with coach Sarah Burrows. She focuses on helping her clients manage career shifts, and she shares some great insights about her own decision making journey too. Lots of tips for anyone contemplating taking a leap out of their current role.If you want to learn more, check out Sarah's website - https://www.achievingambition.com/. You can also follow Sarah on Instagram @achievingambition_2023-08-1529 minHow to ChooseChoose to be Fit: Tips from 10-time Iron Man Chris BoettcherIn this interview, we chat with personal trainer, physical therapist, Iron Man competitor and all-round nice guy Dr Chris Boettcher about turning our health and fitness goals into results. As well as sharing some fitness hacks, Chris talks about his own life journey and his decision to leave his job as a physical therapist to pursue his passion project. Chris talks about the trick of 'stacking bricks' to achieve big goals, and explains his mantra of 'don't miss twice'. If you want to learn more, check out Chris's website - www.brother2brotheru.com. You can also...2023-08-0845 minHow to ChoosePercussionist Tsoof Baras - how to 'get good'In this episode we chat with amazing percussionist, music teacher and author of the book 'How to Get Good', Tsoof Baras. We talk about how, having made the decision that we want to improve at something, we actually see that improvement manifested.You can listen to Tsoof's music, find out more about him and buy his book through his website www.tsoofbaras.comIf you're enjoying the show, make sure to subscribe and drop us a review on your favourite podcast player!Thanks!Ken & Tess2023-07-1152 min
How to ChooseDr Mark Williams - The Brain and Decision Making - Part 3This is the final part of a mini-series of three episodes in which we chat with Australian neuroscientist Dr Mark Williams. Dr Mark highlights why we should never stop learning, a lesson we live and breathe here at How to Choose! There are no more excuses that we’re just too old to learn something new. Old brains aren't less plastic, any difference is due to inactivity, not ageing. And finally he explains why socialising is one of the best things we can do for our brain.Like to know more about Dr Mark? Visit Dr Mark's we...2023-06-0630 min
How to ChooseDr Mark Williams - The Brain and Decision Making - Part 2This is part 2 of a mini-series of three episodes in which we chat with Australian neuroscientist Dr Mark Williams. Dr Mark explains how mirror neurons work, and how essential they are, scientists actually think this is how babies learn to talk! So when speaking to your baby, face them so they can see how your lips move.Every time we get distracted we 'task switch', there's really no such thing as multitasking. Every time you check a notification on your phone you lose time having to go back and refocus on your previous task. Even the ding...2023-06-0625 min
How to ChooseDr Mark Williams - The Brain and Decision Making - Part 1This is part 1 of our interview with neuroscientist Dr Mark Williams. Dr Mark shares his remarkable transformation from an angry student whose principal thought he'd end up dead or in prison to a professor of neuroscience. He takes us on a lightning tour of the parts of the brain involved in decision making and describes the remarkable way our brain presents us with an illusion of the world around us. Like to know more about Dr Mark? Visit Dr Mark's website - www.drmarkwilliams.com where you can pre-order his new book 'The Connected Species'. And make...2023-06-0620 minHow to ChooseThinking problems, all wrapped up (Season finale)This episode wraps up season three where we've explored the topic of thinking problems and we've looked at eight different biases that impede our decision making. A heuristic is a mental shortcut that helps us make quick, but often less than optimal decisions. The benefit is that they allow us to make quick decisions based on approximations, mental shortcuts, and educated guesses. But the downside is that they often lead us to make flawed decisions.Season three of How To Choose has demonstrated that rational economic theory doesn't explain the way that humans interact with the world...2023-05-0213 minHow to ChooseAre you thinking what I'm thinking? (Groupthink)In this episode we explore the heuristic known as groupthink, we find it hard to resist the pull of the group, and often end up conforming. There are actually two types of group think. Informative influence is when you are the non-expert and you trust that the group knows better. The other is normative influence: when you actually know better than the group, but you decide to conform rather than rock the boat. So while you publicly conform and go along with the group, when you’re away from the group you would actually think and behave differently....2023-04-2518 minHow to ChooseMy Precious! (Loss Aversion)Ever find yourself unwilling to give something up, despite being convinced that this is the best decision? You might be suffering from loss aversion.KEY TAKEAWAYSHumans have a stronger emotional response to a loss than to a gain of equal value. As the decision lab points out, it's better to not lose $20 than it is to find $20Loss aversion is closely related to something called the endowment effect where humans assign greater value to goods that they own than to identical goods they do not own. Our vulnerability to loss...2023-04-1812 minHow to ChooseThings can only get better (Optimism Bias)Optimism bias refers to our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of experiencing positive events and underestimate the likelihood of experiencing negative events. An unfounded optimism can actually cause you to choose behaviours that are not in your best interest, because you underestimate the chance that bad things will happen to you.KEY TAKEAWAYSThis is not about suppressing your optimism! But about not being naively optimistic. We don’t tend to update our beliefs with negative information as much as we do when compared to positive information.LINKSCheck out the TE...2023-04-1118 minHow to ChooseNobody wants to be average! (Base Rate Neglect)How do you approach decisions or judgements that rest on the likelihood of something being true or the likelihood of something happening? Most of us find it difficult to take into account a critical factor known as the base rate.KEY TAKEAWAYSWhen it comes to making judgements and decisions, humans are hardwired to do a couple of things that are often - but not always - helpful.One thing that's true of all humans is that we love patterns. Our brain will try to match things we see and hear to patterns...2023-04-0416 minHow to ChooseI told you so! (Hindsight Bias)Hindsight bias is our tendency to look back at unpredictable events and think it was easily predictable. It is also called the ‘knew-it-all-along’ effect.The hindsight bias can have a negative influence on our decision-making, as part of what helps us make good decisions is realistically assessing the consequences of our decisions. This bias can lead to overconfidence in our prediction ability. This can be bad, as overconfidence may lead us to take unnecessary risks. According to Neal Roese and Kathleen Vohs, there are three levels that this occurs: memory distortion, a belief that a past e...2023-03-2817 minHow to ChooseIf my memory serves me correctly... (Availability Bias)In this episode we explore the thinking problem known as 'availability bias'. Availability bias is the tendency to pay more attention to - and give more credence to - information that springs to mind quickly.KEY TAKEAWAYSOur memories are more fallible than many of us realise. For the vast majority of us, enduring episodic memories are only formed for events that have a strong impact on us.We also discuss the error of 'substitution' - the tendency to subconsciously reframe a difficult question so that we're answering something subtly different to the...2023-03-2115 minHow to ChooseWeighted down by decisions? (Anchoring bias)In this episode we explore the heuristic known as the anchoring bias and just like physical anchors, they weigh us down, and influence our decisions. Anchoring bias occurs when we rely too heavily on pre-existing information or the first piece of information (the anchor) when making a decision.This impairs our decision making and judgement in many ways. Sometimes inadvertently, and sometimes it's used against us, to try and influence our decision making.Anchoring bias is one of the most robust effects in psychology. The bias also holds up even when the anchor is obtained b...2023-03-1419 minHow to ChooseWhat a Fool Believes (Confirmation Bias)In this episode we explore the common thinking problem known as 'confirmation bias'. Confirmation bias is the tendency to pay more attention to - and give more credence to - information that supports our beliefs. In contrast, confirmation bias makes us less likely to listen to information that challenges our beliefs.KEY TAKEAWAYSYou can't completely overcome confirmation bias, but you can train yourself to pay more attention to the judgments you make.Whenever you make an assertion, or a generalisation, take a close look at it. What are you actually saying? And what data is...2023-03-0719 minHow to ChooseThinking Problems - IntroductionIn Season 3 of How to Choose, we’re exploring the topic of thinking problems or biases that get in the way of making accurate judgements and good decisions. We'll look at eight common problems and suggest some ways that we can reduce (but sadly not eliminate!) the impact of these problems.KEY TAKEAWAYSYou're probably not as rational as you'd like to think - but that's okay, that's how our brains have evolved. Emotional - non-rational - responses can sometimes offer survival benefits. Learning to recognise common thinking problems is a really important step towards ma...2023-02-2813 min
How to ChooseChristmas Decisions!Buying gifts for our loved ones can be a meaningful and gratifying experience.It can also generate unwanted stress and financial pressure.In this special Christmas episode, we offer a few suggestions to help you navigate the 'gift buying' season.KEY TAKEAWAYSDon't fixate on finding the perfect gift - perfectionism exacerbates your stress and sets everyone up for disappointmentEstablish parameters - price limits, themes etc. can help reduce financial pressure at ChristmasFind out what they valueUnderstand their goalsThe thought really does count!Treasure the intangibles - friends, family, faith - think...2022-12-0812 minHow to ChooseThe AthleteIn this episode we chat to former British Open squash champion, Anthony Ricketts, to learn about what decision making looked like for him as a professional athlete. We discuss the early decisions that set him on the pathway to success, the challenges of dealing with serious injuries, and the choices he faced as he tried to find a career after squash.KEY TAKEAWAYSSurrounding yourself with colleagues or mentors who are more skilful or experienced than you are is critical if you want to improve.And having a clear focus and a degree...2022-11-2243 minHow to ChooseThe CEOIn this episode we chat to Melodie Potts-Rosevear CEO of Teach For Australia, a not-for-profit organisation. We hear how she went from a small town in the US, where she was the first in her family to go to college, to eventually founding an organisation in a foreign country with the incredibly hard and worthy goal of ending education disadvantage in Australia.KEY TAKEAWAYSSometimes we ignore pathways (perhaps subconsciously) because we don’t know someone else who has been there first. If you don’t have a broad network, deliberately seek out and engage with...2022-11-1531 minHow to ChooseThe PrincipalIn this episode we chat with Doug Braiden, the College Principal at Faith Lutheran College in Queensland's Lockyer Valley. Doug discusses his surprising change of career from police detective to high school teacher and reflects on the challenges and opportunities of decision making in both professions.KEY TAKEAWAYSJust because things have always been done a certain way, doesn't mean there isn't a better way! To innovate well, understand the system you work in, understand the goals you're trying to achieve and think creatively about how those goals might be better achieved in that context...2022-11-0842 minHow to ChooseThe ArtistIn this episode multimedia artist Kirra Cheers reflects on intuition in decision making, planning and how important talent is to success KEY TAKEAWAYSBeing good at something isn't always enough to be successful, according to Kirra you need a certain level of obsession as well. It still pays to follow the advice to do something you're good at and enjoy, but perhaps before quitting your day job think about whether you have an obsession, or just a hobby.We talk about the importance of focusing on the important but not urgent tasks in...2022-11-0136 minHow to ChooseThe Property Investor In this episode property investor Lachlan Vidler offers some useful tips on how to make investment decisions.KEY TAKEAWAYSGood decisions are informed by reliable data. Be wary of false confidence in areas where you don't have expertise (this is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect). Also be wary of confirmation bias an extremely common cognitive flaw in which we are much more interested in information that seems to confirm what we believe already. It takes practice (and humility), but you can train yourself to pay careful attention to data that challenges your beliefs...2022-10-2527 minHow to ChooseThe PoliticianIn this episode we interview Allegra Spender an Australian politician and businesswoman who has been the member of parliament for Wentworth since 2022. She is the third generation of her family to sit in federal parliament, after her father and grandfather. Spender ran on a platform of action on climate change, political integrity, and gender equality. KEY TAKEAWAYSSpender highlights the benefits of 'try before you buy' before making a decision. That could mean job shadowing or working for a few days in a new role before making the decision to transfer permanently.While y...2022-10-1831 minHow to ChooseThe EntrepreneurIn this episode we interview entrepreneur Alex Leech to understand more about how he turned his coffee addiction into a thriving business.KEY TAKEAWAYSChoice can be an evolution, it’s not always a clear crossroads, but can be incremental. When creating a business it may be helpful to take a hedge pruning approach (see Season 1 Episode 4) and allow for a natural path of growth and expansion.Passion is essential in something as hard as starting a business. Extrinsic motivation will only take you so far, to make work seem less like work, do...2022-10-1130 minHow to ChooseThe ParamedicIn this episode we interview paramedic Jonno Holmes to understand more about how emergency workers make decisions under pressure.KEY TAKEAWAYSWhen trying to decide on a profession or change of career, it can be very valuable to consider what we want from a job - and this in turn requires good 'self-knowledge'. To build this self-awareness, pay attention to the things you enjoy. Do you prefer to work alone, or would you rather work with a team? Do you like to be outdoors, doing physical work, or are you more of a cerebral person...2022-10-0431 minHow to ChooseDecisions at WorkIn season 2, we cover the topic of decisions at work. We interview a range of fascinating guests with different professions who discuss how they chose their careers and what decision making looks like in their world.KEY TAKEAWAYSDecisions about work are challenging!We spend so much time at work! Various estimates suggest 13 years (between 90000 and 115000 hours) and about 15% of our life - or if we exclude the years that we spend sleeping or trying to get to sleep (33 years), then it’s around 26% of our waking hours. Many popular surnames...2022-09-2708 minHow to ChooseWhen the 'right' way is just a 'good' wayIn this episode we explore the implications of defaulting to a ‘right-wrong’ evaluation of decisions and choices. Time to stop and think - ‘Is your way of doing things the right way, or is it actually just one of many good ways?’KEY TAKEAWAYSIt’s easy to fall into the trap of judgmentalism. We find a good way of doing something, then look around and decide that our way is better than the way other people do it. It’s a short step from there to start thinking our way is the right way - and by impli...2022-07-2617 minHow to ChooseThe Power of HabitsIn this episode we look at making good habits that actually stick - and explore how good habits can free up time and energy for thinking and decision making.KEY TAKEAWAYSWe make up to 35 000 decisions a day!Free up decision making space by automating the basicGood habits allow you to be lazyMake a Tiny Habit: Behaviour, Motivation, Ability, Prompt.To make an Atomic Habit you must make them obvious, attractive, easy, and satisfyingChannel Jerry Seinfeld and track your habits to make them stickLINKSBJ Fogg’s Tiny Habits offers a fre...2022-07-1915 minHow to ChooseStay or Go?In this episode we look at making the decision to stick it out, or cut your losses. KEY TAKEAWAYS There is no right way when it comes to the choice of staying or going - the decision is always personal Not deciding feels easy, but remember you are actually deciding to stay!What is the opportunity cost of staying (or going?)Ignore the sunk cost when making your decisionWe should not always be looking for perfection or the ‘right’ choice, but the best option for you at the timeSelf-reflection is essential, what are your values?Workshop your em...2022-07-1216 minHow to ChooseImportant DecisionsIn this episode we look at non-urgent decisions, figuring out what’s important, and how to make time for it in our busy lives. KEY TAKEAWAYSThe ‘important but non-urgent’ quadrant AKA the magic quadrant! Importance of delayed gratification for achieving goalsDon’t commit your time on this big projects until you’ve considered your ‘why’ and your valuesSticking to your goals with ‘big rocks’LINKSHere’s a four minute video explaining Stephen Covey’s Urgent/Important matrix. And a very retro Covey explaining how his Big Rocks concept works.Do yourself a favour a...2022-07-0514 minHow to ChooseUrgent DecisionsIn this episode, we talk about how to manage urgent pressures and explore the distinction between urgent and important.KEY TAKEAWAYSWe don’t need to try and optimise with every decision:Urgency is usually expressed as scarcity - a scarcity of time (‘I need this ASAP’) or a scarcity of resources (‘Hurry up, stocks are limited!’We are hardwired to respond to scarcity/urgency - it helped our ancestors to survive an imminent attack or grab scarce food resourcesIn the Urgent-Important matrix (popularised by Steven Covey in the great book ‘Seven Habits of Highly Effec...2022-06-2815 minHow to ChooseToo Many Jams!In this episode, we explore the problem of too many options - those situations where we become overwhelmed by the number of available choices. We answer the question: “Do I always need to optimise (i.e. find the best option) or is there another way?”KEY TAKEAWAYSWe don’t need to try and optimise with every decision:A fixation on optimising can be paralysing (don’t be like Chidi from The Good Place!)Optimising takes a great deal of time and effort - which we don’t always haveFocusing on optimising can also leave us s...2022-06-2115 minHow to ChooseAdaptable Decision MakingIn this episode, we look at 'hedge pruning', or when you need to keep your options open, and just make small changes to your decisions. We also explore some of the research on the benefits of being a generalist and having a broad range of interests.KEY TAKEAWAYSTrying lots of things and staying adaptable can make us more successful.Modern work demands knowledge transfer: the ability to apply knowledge to new situations and different domains.Consistently choosing little or big risks in pursuit of our goals rather than trying to always make the ‘right choice’.Beware...2022-06-1416 minHow to ChooseSticking with Your ChoicesSome people find it really difficult to stick with their decisions. But sometimes it’s important to ‘pick and stick’ with our choice - particularly because some goals can only be achieved by persistence and perseverance.KEY TAKEAWAYSSome professional goals can be reached by multiple pathways - but sometimes there's only one clear way to achieve a goal.Any goal that requires high levels of skill, any goal that requires you to stand out from a field of other skilful people, generally requires focus and persistence.According to Angela Duckworth's resear...2022-06-0720 minHow to ChooseOverestimating our AbilitiesIn this episode, we look at when it pays to think things through more deeply and some of the pitfalls of relying on your (or others’) non-expert intuition. We explore the Dunning-Kruger Effect and other theories about overestimating and underestimating our ability.KEY TAKEAWAYS➢ Beginners (or the incompetent) tend to overestimate their ability and experts tend to underestimate their abilty➢ This effect can also be seen in culture and gender, being aware of this can help you better support friends and co-workers➢ We all fail to accurately assess our own ability at some poi...2022-06-0114 minHow to ChooseIntuition in Decision MakingIn this episode, we explore the problem of analysis paralysis - where we overthink things and get stuck at the point of decision: and we see how it manifested in one famous Australian politician. We also look at how intuition, when used correctly, can be a great support to our decision making.KEY TAKEAWAYSIntuition = the way we translate our experience into action (Gary Klein)Intuition can help us, when we are leaning on our areas of expertise - and on the expertise of others!Don’t let your self-confidence be undermined by confident people who kn...2022-06-0113 minHow to ChooseHow to Choose - Introductions!Introducing 'How to Choose' - a show that aims to help you make better decisions!2022-05-3003 min