Shows
Power and Flour PodcastEpisode 2-13: The politics of impeachmentRep. Shri Thanedar (D-MI) has introduced articles of impeachment against Donald Trump, and the House Democratic leadership is trying to distance themselves from the topic. This effort represents a lot of what Democrats are struggling with right now — dealing with demands from their activist base to do something about Trump’s lawlessness but also not wanting to screw up a favorable political environment in 2026. In this episode, John and Seth dig into the politics of impeachment and also the value of pursuing something that has symbolic worth but is almost guaranteed to end in failure. They also discuss sourdough croi...2025-05-0828 min
Balance of PowerBalance of Power: Musk Rebuked in Wisconsin (Podcast)Watch Joe and Kailey LIVE every day on YouTube: http://bit.ly/3vTiACF.
Bloomberg Washington Correspondents Joe Mathieu and Kailey Leinz deliver insight and analysis on the latest headlines from the White House and Capitol Hill, including conversations with influential lawmakers and key figures in politics and policy. On this edition, Joe and Kailey speak with:
Host of Bloomberg Law on Bloomberg Radio June Grasso.
Marquette University Professor of Political Science Julia Azari.
Bloomberg Politics Contributor Jeanne Sheehan Zaino and Republican Strategist Maura Gillespie.
Bloomberg Senior Editor for Technology and Strategic Industries Michael Shepard.2025-04-0227 min
New Books in American StudiesPostscript: Reflections on the 2024 American Presidential ElectionMany pundits are rushing to judgement – claiming to identify the “one” reason that Donald Trump won or Kamala Harris lost the 2024 Presidential Election. Today’s Postscript offers a nuanced conversation among four political scientists to gather some key take-aways and interpretive tools for looking forward to the second Trump presidency, midterms, 2028 presidential election, and 2030 redistricting.Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Jonathan Bernstein is a political scientist who focuses on political parties, Congress, the presidency, elections, and democracy. Political Parties, Congress the Presid, Elections, and Democracy. Meena Bose i...2024-11-141h 03
New Books in American PoliticsPostscript: Reflections on the 2024 American Presidential ElectionMany pundits are rushing to judgement – claiming to identify the “one” reason that Donald Trump won or Kamala Harris lost the 2024 Presidential Election. Today’s Postscript offers a nuanced conversation among four political scientists to gather some key take-aways and interpretive tools for looking forward to the second Trump presidency, midterms, 2028 presidential election, and 2030 redistricting.Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Jonathan Bernstein is a political scientist who focuses on political parties, Congress, the presidency, elections, and democracy. Political Parties, Congress the Presid, Elections, and Democracy. Meena Bose i...2024-11-141h 03
New Books in Political SciencePostscript: Reflections on the 2024 American Presidential ElectionMany pundits are rushing to judgement – claiming to identify the “one” reason that Donald Trump won or Kamala Harris lost the 2024 Presidential Election. Today’s Postscript offers a nuanced conversation among four political scientists to gather some key take-aways and interpretive tools for looking forward to the second Trump presidency, midterms, 2028 presidential election, and 2030 redistricting.Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Jonathan Bernstein is a political scientist who focuses on political parties, Congress, the presidency, elections, and democracy. Political Parties, Congress the Presid, Elections, and Democracy. Meena Bose i...2024-11-141h 03
Today, ExplainedThe most important “most important election”?It seems as though every election is “the most important election of our lifetime." Historian Jeffrey Engel and political scientist Julia Azari assess whether this is really the one. This episode was produced by Avishay Artsy, edited by Amina Al-Sadi, fact-checked by Laura Bullard, engineered by Patrick Boyd and Andrea Kristinsdottir, and hosted by Sean Rameswaram. Transcript at vox.com/today-explained-podcast Support Today, Explained by becoming a Vox Member today: http://www.vox.com/members A screen shows "Nov. 5 - the most important day in the history of our country" at a Donald Trump campaign rally in Tempe, Arizona. Photo by...2024-11-0527 min
Today, ExplainedThe most important “most important election”?It seems as though every election is “the most important election of our lifetime." Historian Jeffrey Engel and political scientist Julia Azari assess whether this is really the one.This episode was produced by Avishay Artsy, edited by Amina Al-Sadi, fact-checked by Laura Bullard, engineered by Patrick Boyd and Andrea Kristinsdottir, and hosted by Sean Rameswaram.Transcript at vox.com/today-explained-podcastSupport Today, Explained by becoming a Vox Member today: http://www.vox.com/membersA screen shows "Nov. 5 - the most important day in the history of our country" at a...2024-11-0527 minNew Books in Political SciencePostscript: Harris, Trump, and the Politics of Presidential DebatesIn June, a presidential debated ended the candidacy of incumbent President Joe Biden. On September 10th, Vice President Kamala Harris and Former President Donald Trump debated in Philadelphia and two flash polls done by CNN and YouGov declared Harris the winner. Political scientists know that debate wins don’t necessarily translate into November victories. Barack Obama lost his first debate and Walter Monday won his. To unpack the impact of this usually September debate, we have two presidential politics scholars and friends of the podcast. The spirited conversation highlights baiting techniques used by Harris, the role of the moderators in...2024-09-1352 minNew Books in American PoliticsPostscript: Harris, Trump, and the Politics of Presidential DebatesIn June, a presidential debated ended the candidacy of incumbent President Joe Biden. On September 10th, Vice President Kamala Harris and Former President Donald Trump debated in Philadelphia and two flash polls done by CNN and YouGov declared Harris the winner. Political scientists know that debate wins don’t necessarily translate into November victories. Barack Obama lost his first debate and Walter Monday won his. To unpack the impact of this usually September debate, we have two presidential politics scholars and friends of the podcast. The spirited conversation highlights baiting techniques used by Harris, the role of the moderators in...2024-09-1352 min
New Books in CommunicationsPostscript: Harris, Trump, and the Politics of Presidential DebatesIn June, a presidential debated ended the candidacy of incumbent President Joe Biden. On September 10th, Vice President Kamala Harris and Former President Donald Trump debated in Philadelphia and two flash polls done by CNN and YouGov declared Harris the winner. Political scientists know that debate wins don’t necessarily translate into November victories. Barack Obama lost his first debate and Walter Monday won his. To unpack the impact of this usually September debate, we have two presidential politics scholars and friends of the podcast. The spirited conversation highlights baiting techniques used by Harris, the role of the moderators in...2024-09-1352 minNew Books in American StudiesPostscript: Harris, Trump, and the Politics of Presidential DebatesIn June, a presidential debated ended the candidacy of incumbent President Joe Biden. On September 10th, Vice President Kamala Harris and Former President Donald Trump debated in Philadelphia and two flash polls done by CNN and YouGov declared Harris the winner. Political scientists know that debate wins don’t necessarily translate into November victories. Barack Obama lost his first debate and Walter Monday won his. To unpack the impact of this usually September debate, we have two presidential politics scholars and friends of the podcast. The spirited conversation highlights baiting techniques used by Harris, the role of the moderators in...2024-09-1352 min
Make It Make Sense with Grant HermesHarris Makes History with Julia AzariSend us a textKamala Harris accepts the nomination of the Democatic Party becoming the first woman of color to lead a major US ticket. Plus, was night 4 of the DNC a bummer?Grant interviews Marquette University professor, conventions expert and contributor to the Good Politics, Bad Politics podcast/substack Julia Azari about how to understand this year's unprecedented DNC.Tech problems prevented this week's TLTO. Apologies in advance. Support the showFollow along on social media X: @mimsnewspodInstagram: @mimsnewspodTikTok: @mimsnewspodSubstack: m...2024-08-2336 min
Power and Flour PodcastEpisode 8: The VP PicksJohn and Seth are fortunate enough to be joined by Marquette University’s Julia Azari, co-author of a forthcoming book on the vice presidency, to discuss the vice presidential nominations of Tim Walz and J.D. Vance. What kind of strategies were being used here in picking running mates? What voters are they trying to activate or reassure, and how? What do these picks tell us about the presidential nominees and their parties? To what extent are these candidates relying on populist appeals?Given Walz’s, Julia’s, and John’s experiences in the upper Midwest, we discuss...2024-08-1436 minNew Books in American StudiesPostscript: Changing Dynamics in the Presidential Race, 2024The Republican Party held its nominating convention a week ago in Milwaukee, formally nominating former President Donald Trump as the standard-bearer for the GOP, and also his vice-presidential pick, Senator J.D. Vance (R-OH). Just before the convention kicked off, Trump was the target of an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania. The GOP convention was unique in having the former president there over all days of the event. But since the convention concluded, President Joe Biden has announced that he will not be standing for re-election, and immediately endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, to become the Democratic nominee for...2024-07-2555 minNew Books in Political SciencePostscript: Changing Dynamics in the Presidential Race, 2024The Republican Party held its nominating convention a week ago in Milwaukee, formally nominating former President Donald Trump as the standard-bearer for the GOP, and also his vice-presidential pick, Senator J.D. Vance (R-OH). Just before the convention kicked off, Trump was the target of an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania. The GOP convention was unique in having the former president there over all days of the event. But since the convention concluded, President Joe Biden has announced that he will not be standing for re-election, and immediately endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, to become the Democratic nominee for...2024-07-2555 min
New Books in Politics and PolemicsPostscript: Changing Dynamics in the Presidential Race, 2024The Republican Party held its nominating convention a week ago in Milwaukee, formally nominating former President Donald Trump as the standard-bearer for the GOP, and also his vice-presidential pick, Senator J.D. Vance (R-OH). Just before the convention kicked off, Trump was the target of an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania. The GOP convention was unique in having the former president there over all days of the event. But since the convention concluded, President Joe Biden has announced that he will not be standing for re-election, and immediately endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, to become the Democratic nominee for...2024-07-2555 minNew Books in American PoliticsPostscript: Changing Dynamics in the Presidential Race, 2024The Republican Party held its nominating convention a week ago in Milwaukee, formally nominating former President Donald Trump as the standard-bearer for the GOP, and also his vice-presidential pick, Senator J.D. Vance (R-OH). Just before the convention kicked off, Trump was the target of an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania. The GOP convention was unique in having the former president there over all days of the event. But since the convention concluded, President Joe Biden has announced that he will not be standing for re-election, and immediately endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, to become the Democratic nominee for...2024-07-2555 min
Power and Flour PodcastEpisode 4: What to make of Trump’s appearances at the RNC so farIn this special episode from Milwaukee, Seth speaks with Marquette political scientist Julia Azari about what we can learn from Donald Trump’s unusual approach of silently presiding over the Republican convention so far. No pastries or cocktails are discussed. Get full access to Power and Flour Podcast at powerflour.substack.com/subscribe2024-07-1808 minNew Books in American StudiesPostscript: Does the June POTUS Debate Matter?On Thursday, June 27th, President Joe Biden and Trump debated for 90 minutes without a live audience or the usually provided by the Commission on Presidential Debates. Instead, two CNN journalists – Dana Bash and Jake Tapper – asked the questions. Not only was the format a departure but the timing was unusually early for a presidential debate. Today’s podcast is a conversation between Susan Liebell at Saint Joseph’s University and Dr. Daniel E. Ponder, the L.E. Meador Professor of Political Science and Director of the Meador Center for Politics and Citizenship at Drury University. We started with a little cont...2024-07-011h 04New Books in Political SciencePostscript: Does the June POTUS Debate Matter?On Thursday, June 27th, President Joe Biden and Trump debated for 90 minutes without a live audience or the usually provided by the Commission on Presidential Debates. Instead, two CNN journalists – Dana Bash and Jake Tapper – asked the questions. Not only was the format a departure but the timing was unusually early for a presidential debate. Today’s podcast is a conversation between Susan Liebell at Saint Joseph’s University and Dr. Daniel E. Ponder, the L.E. Meador Professor of Political Science and Director of the Meador Center for Politics and Citizenship at Drury University. We started with a little cont...2024-07-011h 04New Books in American PoliticsPostscript: Does the June POTUS Debate Matter?On Thursday, June 27th, President Joe Biden and Trump debated for 90 minutes without a live audience or the usually provided by the Commission on Presidential Debates. Instead, two CNN journalists – Dana Bash and Jake Tapper – asked the questions. Not only was the format a departure but the timing was unusually early for a presidential debate. Today’s podcast is a conversation between Susan Liebell at Saint Joseph’s University and Dr. Daniel E. Ponder, the L.E. Meador Professor of Political Science and Director of the Meador Center for Politics and Citizenship at Drury University. We started with a little cont...2024-07-011h 04New Books in American StudiesPostscript: Unpacking the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debate, Conventions, and PollingThe first presidential debate will be held on June 27th, 2024 and the Republicans are heading to Milwaukee (a city Donald Trump recently called “horrible” and crime-ridden). Lilly Goren and Susan Liebell had a wide ranging discussion including analysis of the upcoming debate, summer conventions, party platforms, and polling with three experts.Dr. Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Her scholarship focuses on the American presidency, political parties, political communication and American political development. Her most recent public facing pieces on are “Making sense of the 2024 election:When not...2024-06-2445 minNew Books in Political SciencePostscript: Unpacking the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debate, Conventions, and PollingThe first presidential debate will be held on June 27th, 2024 and the Republicans are heading to Milwaukee (a city Donald Trump recently called “horrible” and crime-ridden). Lilly Goren and Susan Liebell had a wide ranging discussion including analysis of the upcoming debate, summer conventions, party platforms, and polling with three experts.Dr. Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Her scholarship focuses on the American presidency, political parties, political communication and American political development. Her most recent public facing pieces on are “Making sense of the 2024 election:When not...2024-06-2445 minNew Books in American PoliticsPostscript: Unpacking the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debate, Conventions, and PollingThe first presidential debate will be held on June 27th, 2024 and the Republicans are heading to Milwaukee (a city Donald Trump recently called “horrible” and crime-ridden). Lilly Goren and Susan Liebell had a wide ranging discussion including analysis of the upcoming debate, summer conventions, party platforms, and polling with three experts.Dr. Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Her scholarship focuses on the American presidency, political parties, political communication and American political development. Her most recent public facing pieces on are “Making sense of the 2024 election:When not...2024-06-2445 minNew Books in Politics and PolemicsPostscript: Unpacking the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debate, Conventions, and PollingThe first presidential debate will be held on June 27th, 2024 and the Republicans are heading to Milwaukee (a city Donald Trump recently called “horrible” and crime-ridden). Lilly Goren and Susan Liebell had a wide ranging discussion including analysis of the upcoming debate, summer conventions, party platforms, and polling with three experts.Dr. Julia Azari is Professor of Political Science at Marquette University and a prolific media commentator on politics. Her scholarship focuses on the American presidency, political parties, political communication and American political development. Her most recent public facing pieces on are “Making sense of the 2024 election:When not...2024-06-2445 min
The Lawfare Podcast: Patreon EditionWhat Disqualifying Trump from the 2024 Ballot Would Mean for American Politics and DemocracyIn the wake of Donald Trump's role in the attempt to overturn the 2020 election and the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, lawsuits in states around the country are seeking to disqualify him from the 2024 election. Challengers to his eligibility invoke Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provides in relevant part that "No person shall . . . hold any office . . . under the United States . . . who, having previously taken an oath . . . as an officer of the United States . . . to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the...2023-11-011h 20
The Lawfare PodcastWhat Disqualifying Trump from the 2024 Ballot Would Mean for American Politics and DemocracyIn the wake of Donald Trump's role in the attempt to overturn the 2020 election and the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, lawsuits in states around the country are seeking to disqualify him from the 2024 election. Challengers to his eligibility invoke Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provides in relevant part that "No person shall . . . hold any office . . . under the United States . . . who, having previously taken an oath . . . as an officer of the United States . . . to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the...2023-11-011h 20
Politics in QuestionCan podcasts save America?In this week’s episode, Mila Atmos joins Julia and James to discuss how podcasts can save American politics. Atmos is the producer and host of Future Hindsight, a weekly podcast that aims to spark civic engagement through in-depth conversations with citizen change-makers. She combines life experiences from living in multiple cultures ranging from Indonesia to Germany to the rural U.S., with her knowledge base in history, economics, and international affairs (B.A. & M.I.A. Columbia University) in creating Future Hindsight.What is the central threat presently facing American self-government? How can the podcast medium he...2023-06-0832 min
Democracy ParadoxDan Banik is In Pursuit of DevelopmentThis bonus episode is part of a series of interviews available for monthly supporters of Democracy Paradox at Patreon. Other interviews feature guests like Julia Azari, Mila Atmos, and Bob Shrum. But more importantly you'll help the podcast cover important expenses and continue to grow. Please consider becoming a monthly supporter by clicking on the link here.If you want to help the podcast in other ways, please email the host, Justin Kempf, at jkempf@democracyparadox.com. Dan Banik is a professor of political science at the University of Oslo and Director of the Oslo...2022-05-1337 minPolitics in QuestionWhy did Russia invade Ukraine and what can the United States do about it?In this week’s episode of Politics In Question, Heather Hurlburt joins Julia and James to talk about what’s happening in Ukraine. Hurlburt is the director of the New Models of Policy Change project at New America’s Political Reform program. She is a contributor to New York Magazine and she has published articles in numerous publications, including Politico, Foreign Affairs, The National Interest, Fortune, Vox, and Time. Hurlburt also co-hosts the Drezburt podcast and frequently appears in print and broadcast media. Previously, she ran the National Security Network, a premier source for internationalist foreign policy messaging and advoca...2022-03-1730 minDemocracy ParadoxLee Drutman Makes the Case for Multiparty Democracy in AmericaMadison’s Federalist 10 makes an unusual case. He argued the size and diversity of the United States is a critical safeguard against the dominance of any single faction. Of course, it is well-known that the Founding Fathers were wary of all factions, political parties and, most of all, the tyranny of the majority. The American constitution is even described as counter majoritarian, because multiple avenues exist for entrenched minorities to prevail in the legislative process. But Madison was different. While he is credited as the father of the constitution, he was among the most majoritarian of all the founding fa...2020-12-2948 min
Non-Compliant PodcastNon-Compliant Podcast Episode 19: The One Where We Discuss the 2020 Election Live with FiveThirtyEight Contributor and Professor Julia AzariThe outcome of the 2020 Election is beginning to take shape, but many of us still have questions about the results, where polling went wrong, how massive turnout still led to a very divided electorate, and what it means for our country as President Donald Trump openly undermines election results. In Episode 19 we meet with Julia Azari, a political science professor at Marquette University, contributor at FiveThirtyEight, and blogger at Mischiefs of Faction, to break down the election results and where our country goes from here. Non-Compliant Host Jay Edelson, the Founder and CEO of a prominted plaintiff's firm...2020-11-0459 min
TatterEpisode 52: Married to the MobABOUT THIS EPISODE
Political scientists (and returning Tatter guests) Julia Azari and Seth Masket join me to talk about how the Republican Party has changed in recent years, and the meaning and consequences of those changes, including the impact on the Democratic Party and on (little-d) democratic values.
LINKS
--Julia Azari's Marquette University profile
--Seth Masket's University of Denver profile
--"The Trump presidency thrives on norms," by Julia Azari (from the Mischiefs of Faction)
--"The case for Democratic recklessness," by Seth Masket (from the Pacific Standard)
--The Bulwark podcast...2020-05-1856 min
Dialogue Across DifferenceHow the Presidential Nomination Process is FailingThe rules of the presidential nomination process can seem endlessly complex with primaries versus caucuses, early primaries, delegate counts, and convention rules. But over the years the parties have developed informal rules as well, with norms and expectations about how the presidential nomination process will unfold. Who wins and who loses under the real rules? Join us for a conversation with Professor Julia Azari of Marquette University to discuss how the informal rules changed in 2016, and what it means for 2020? University of Minnesota Professor Kathryn Pearson will moderate.
February 24, 2020
Humphrey School of Public Affairs
Prof. Julia Azari is Associate Professor...2020-04-241h 08
Politics in QuestionWhat is unprecedented about our politics?This week, Lee and James ask special guest Matt Glassman what is unprecedented about our politics. Matt is a senior fellow at the Government Affairs Institute at Georgetown University and a co-host of the podcast, Congress, Two Beers In. Is American politics in an unprecedented era? Is the decline in civility overstated? Has politics always been rough and tumble? These are some of the question we discuss on this week’s episode.
2020-02-2640 min
The Brion McClanahan ShowEpisode 224: The Constitution and Executive Powerhttps://mcclanahanacademy.com
https://brionmcclanahan.com/support
http://learntruehistory.com
A leftist professor wants to limit executive power. This should not be news in the Age of Trump. Every leftist wants to do that, but this leftist might be slightly different. Professor Julia Azari wrote a piece for Vox arguing that the Constitution doesn't do enough to limit executive power and suggests amending it to do so. This is interesting. I suggested the same thing several years ago. I discuss in this episode of The Brion McClanahan Show.
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Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brion-mcclanahan/support2019-04-1731 min
The Long GameSeth MasketSeth Masket is the chair of the political science department at the University of Denver. He has dared to say what few will: that for party primaries and maybe all of American politics to be more productive and functional, it might need to be a little less democratic. He and fellow academic Julia Azari wrote a New York Times op-ed in December titled: “Is the Democratic Party Becoming Too Democratic?”Seth is the author of two books. His most recent is called “The Inevitable Party: Why Attempts to Kill the Party System Fail and how they Weaken...2018-03-051h 03
The Long GameSeth MasketSeth Masket is the chair of the political science department at the University of Denver. He has dared to say what few will: that for party primaries and maybe all of American politics to be more productive and functional, it might need to be a little less democratic. He and fellow academic Julia Azari wrote a New York Times op-ed in December titled: “Is the Democratic Party Becoming Too Democratic?” Seth is the author of two books. His most recent is called “The Inevitable Party: Why Attempts to Kill the Party System Fail and how they Weaken Democr...2018-03-051h 03
TatterEpisode 6: 2012Social critic Cornel West has called President Barack Obama a neoliberal (among other things), and he's not meant it as a compliment. West appears to have been frustrated that Obama was not a forceful advocate of left-wing populism. These criticisms led me (your humble podcast host) to wonder if such an Obama would have been a one-term president. Julia Azari, of Marquette University, Christopher Federico, of the University of Minnesota, and Vincent Hutchings, of the University of Michigan, political scientists all, chatted with me about these and related issues. I revised my opinion on the question after talking to...2018-02-2033 min
The Gray Area with Sean IllingHow Democracies DieThe year is young, but Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s How Democracies Die is going to be one of its most important books. It will be read as a commentary on Donald Trump, which is fair enough, because the book is, in part, a commentary on Donald Trump. But it deserves more than that. It is more than that. How Democracies Die is three books woven together. One summarizes acres of research on how democracies tumble into autocracy. The second is an analysis of the troubling conditions under which American democracy thrived and the reasons it has entered in...2018-01-291h 17
Congress, Two Beers InOprah, the legislative presidency, and weak partiesPolitical scientist Julia Azari joins Josh and Matt on GAI’s latest podcast episode to discuss Oprah as a presidential candidate,Trump as a legislative president, and the strength of American parties.
The post Oprah, the legislative presidency, and weak parties first appeared on GAI.2018-01-1041 min
From the Square: An NYU Press Podcast“Best New Books in Political Science 2016: American Politics Edition”We are nearing the end of the year and have for you a best-of-2016 podcast featuring an array of American politics books. Some of these books were featured on the podcast this year, but most are just new and really interesting. Another best-of is underway for political science books in other subfields.Julia Azari from Marquette University starts us out with two books: Michael Tesler’s, Post-Racial or Most-Racial (University of Chicago Press, 2016), and Katherine Cramer’s, The Politics of Resentment (University of Chicago Press, 2016). Cramer came on the podcast to talk about her book on Wisconsin when...2016-12-1925 min