Shows
Clinical Deep DivesBiochem 26: RNA MetabolismDNA may hold the master record, but it rarely speaks directly. In this episode, Medlock Holmes follows information as it leaves the archive — transcribed into RNA, reshaped, edited, and prepared for use.RNA metabolism reveals a striking principle: information is not simply copied; it is curated. Transcription initiates the process, but splicing, modification, transport, and degradation determine what ultimately reaches the cellular machinery. The same gene can give rise to multiple messages, each shaped by context, timing, and need.Drawing on the conceptual clarity of Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry and the clinically grounded treatment of RN...
2026-01-2426 min
Aging-USRNA Splicing and Processing Emerge as Central Features of Human Aging Across TissuesBUFFALO, NY — January 5, 2026 — A new #research paper featured as the #cover of Volume 17, Issue 12 of Aging-US was #published on December 22, 2025, titled “A combination of differential expression and network connectivity analyses identifies a common set of RNA splicing and processing genes altered with age across human tissues.”
In this study by Caio M.P.F. Batalha from the University of São Paulo, André Fujita from the University of São Paulo and Kyushu University, and Nadja C. de Souza-Pinto also from the University of São Paulo, researchers investigated how gene activity changes with age across multiple human tissues. They found that m...
2026-01-0504 min
オッカムのカミソリソーダ湖が解き明かす生命誕生の舞台：RNAと脂質膜が共存できる奇跡の環境生命の起源において、RNAに必要なマグネシウムイオンが脂質膜を破壊するという矛盾がありました。カナダのソーダ湖は、炭酸イオンによりマグネシウム濃度が低く保たれる一方、高いpHがRNA合成を促進するため、両者が共存できる環境を提供します。雨季と乾季のサイクルが膜の形成とRNAの活動を交互に支えたと考えられ、初期地球や火星での生命誕生の有力な候補地として注目されています。参考記事○ Natural soda lakes provide compatible conditions for RNA and membrane function that could have enabled the origin of life（2024年3月19日）https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/3/3/pgae084/7627925○ RNAワールドは実在したか？リボザイム触媒機能の起源を探る（2024年10月18日）https://note.com/kojifukuoka/n/n99c01b0f96b3○ 生命の起源：RNAワールド仮説を巡る最新の議論（2024年9月15日）https://note.com/kojifukuoka/n/n6e69cf23cc71○ Ancient hot springs on Mars hosted habitable conditions billions of years ago（2024年11月）https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adq3694○ A carbonate-rich lake solution to the phosphate problem of the origin of life（2020年）https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1916109117#生命の起源 #ソーダ湖 #RNA #脂質膜 #プロトセル #RNAワールド #マグネシウムイオン #炭酸イオン #アルカリ性 #ラストチャンス湖 #グッドイナフ湖 #リボザイム #小胞 #初期地球 #季節サイクル #火星 #地球外生命 #アストロバイオロジー #炭酸塩 #プロトセルのパラドックス #化学進化 #ヌクレオチド #自然環境 #カナダ #リボヌクレオチド
2025-12-2016 min
The dailysciencedigest’s PodcastRNA and Immune System — Extracellular Signals in Cancer DefenseRNA and immune system: how extracellular RNA helps immune cells recognize cancer targets
Unique new Utrecht University research on RNA outside the cell, immune response explained, and cancer immunology basics
Understand how this emerging science could shape future cancer defenses—and what it means for your own health decisions
What You'll Learn:
Understand the classic role of RNA inside cells and how it normally helps turn genes into proteins
Learn what extracellular RNA is and how RNA can function outside the cell as a signaling molecule
Discover how immune cells recognize cancer and where RNA may ac...
2025-12-2005 min
ABC der GenetikRNA: Die unterschätzte Schwester der DNA
In Folge R unserer Serie ABC der Genetik geht es um die RNA – eine wahre Alleskönnerin im Inneren unserer Zellen. Während die DNA den Bauplan des Lebens speichert, sorgt die RNA dafür, dass dieser Plan umgesetzt, reguliert und bei Bedarf verändert wird. Wir sprechen mit dem Genetik-Experten Prof. Dr. Jörn Walter über die wichtigsten RNA-Typen wie mRNA, rRNA, miRNA und siRNA. Außerdem klären wir, wie RNA-Therapien – von siRNA-Medikamenten bis zu mRNA-Impfstoffen – die moderne Medizin verändern.
Das Wichtigste in Kürze:
RNA ist mehr als ein Bote – sie steuert, reguliert und schü...
2025-12-1716 min
Base by Base205: Ancient RNA Expression Profiles from the Woolly Mammoth️ Episode 205: Ancient RNA Expression Profiles from the Woolly Mammoth
In this episode of PaperCast Base by Base, we explore how ancient RNA preserved in permafrost can reveal tissue-specific gene expression and regulatory dynamics in the extinct woolly mammoth.
Study Highlights:Researchers analyzed skeletal muscle and skin from ten Late Pleistocene woolly mammoths preserved in Siberian permafrost, extracting both ancient DNA and RNA to assess the authenticity and quality of the recovered molecules. Using alignment strategies optimized for short, damaged transcripts and mapping primarily to the Asian elephant genome, they identified characteristic damage patterns, exonic en...
2025-11-2117 min
Base by Base202: Stereo-seq V2: Spatial Total RNA Mapping in FFPE Tissues️ Episode 202: Stereo-seq V2: Spatial Total RNA Mapping in FFPE Tissues
In this episode of PaperCast Base by Base, we explore how Stereo-seq V2 delivers high-resolution spatial mapping of total RNA in FFPE samples, from mouse brain to breast cancer and tuberculosis lung tissue.
Study Highlights:The authors introduce Stereo-seq V2, a random-priming spatial transcriptomics platform that captures total RNA in situ on FFPE sections at single-cell resolution. By benchmarking against earlier Stereo-seq and other spatial methods in the mouse brain, they demonstrate improved gene detection, uniform gene body coverage, and robust profiling of non-coding RN...
2025-11-1917 min
知为谁470. 猛犸象RNA测序：古代基因活性之窗这篇文章主要介绍了科学家对一头名叫Yuka的猛犸象进行研究，从中测序出了近四万年前的古老RNA，创下了新的世界纪录。RNA的保存和测序被认为比DNA更困难，因此这一发现被认为是科学上的巨大突破。测序出的RNA能够提供基因表达的直接证据，让研究人员得以窥见猛犸象生命最后时刻的生物学活动。研究人员相信，这项工作不仅有助于理解已灭绝动物的生活方式，还可能为测序古代RNA病毒铺平道路。研究成果表明，在理想的保存条件下，RNA的存活时间比先前认为的要长得多。内容来源：https://www.sciencealert.com/yuka-the-woolly-mammoth-just-gave-us-the-oldest-rna-ever-sequenced
2025-11-1711 min
ATGC doctors' chat从 AlphaFold 到 RNA 靶点预测，AI 如何重塑新药研发的未来?这是一期与《科技早知道》的串台节目2024 年的诺贝尔化学奖是颁给了三位在蛋白质结构预测和蛋白质设计领域作出开创性贡献的科学家。这标志着 AI 已经成为生命科学的核心工具 ，正在改变我们理解生命的方式和重塑药物研发的未来。我们今天的嘉宾是深圳湾实验室的周耀旗教授，他是这场变革的亲历者和推动者之一。他最初在学术界专注于蛋白质结构预测，后来他敏锐地意识到 RNA 领域的潜力与挑战，将研究方向转向 RNA 结构预测。现在他又走上创业之路，带领团队开发 以 RNA 为靶点的小分子药物，探索如何将基础研究真正转化为新的疗法。今天的节目我们聊一聊作为蛋白质结构预测工具的 AlphaFold3，它的突破与局限在哪里？RNA为什么是新一代药物的重要靶点？以及 AI 在新药研发中的作用究竟是什么?【本期人物】周耀旗，深圳湾实验室资深研究员，砺博生物科学创始人【时间戳】02:42 为什么蛋白质结构如此重要？解析蛋白结构是理解生命机器的关键05:47 蛋白质结构预测简史：基于模板 --> 碎片拼接 --> 二面角+距离预测14:26 「1+2=3」：AlphaFold 革命性飞跃的背后17:40 结构生物学家会不会被替代？聊聊 AlphaFold 还做不了的事23:26 RNA 结构预测为何更难？仅4个碱基，结构不稳定，已知数据稀缺29:24 蛋白质只是「提线木偶」，RNA 才是「操纵者」31:56 从靶向蛋白到靶向 RNA -- HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的成功和 KRAS 蛋白的「光滑锁眼」的难题35:49 靶向 RNA 药物的里程碑：首个靶向 RNA 的小分子药利司扑兰（Risdiplam）38:50 在缺乏结构数据的情况下，如何开发靶向 RNA 的药物？43:06 AI 在新药研发中的真实作用：是加速器，而非革命45:39 AI for Science：摆脱数据依赖，回归物理，寻找分子世界的「牛顿定律」📬【联系我们】商业合作：zyx3200@163.com微信：atgcdoctorschat，备注「加听友群」
2025-11-1348 min
聊聊Sci221-RNA稳定衣壳蛋白用于活细胞单mRNA成像该文章介绍了一种用于活细胞中敏感、同步成像不同单信使RNA（mRNA）的新型工具，即RNA稳定的外壳蛋白（RNA-stabilized coat proteins）。研究人员通过蛋白质工程，设计出了条件稳定的dMCP（去稳定化的MS2外壳蛋白）和dPCP（去稳定化的PP7外壳蛋白）变体，它们在未结合RNA时会被细胞快速降解，从而显著降低了背景荧光。这些探针能够高对比度地观察单个mRNA分子，并实现了双色成像，从而能同时追踪细胞内两种不同的RNA种类，这对于研究mRNA的定位和调控至关重要。References: Kuffner C J, Marzilli A M, Ngo J T. RNA-stabilized coat proteins for sensitive and simultaneous imaging of distinct single mRNAs in live cells[J]. Nature Methods, 2025: 1-12.
2025-11-1037 min
Paper Talk221-RNA-Stabilized Coat Proteins for Single mRNA ImagingThe paper introduce novel RNA-stabilized coat proteins, named dMCP and dPCP, engineered to overcome the challenge of high background noise in live-cell RNA imaging. These variants of the traditional MS2 and PP7 coat proteins are designed to rapidly degrade in the absence of their target RNA ligands, ensuring that only the RNA-bound proteins produce a fluorescent signal. Through techniques like circular permutation and degron masking, the researchers achieved up to a 63-fold increase in the stability of dMCP when bound to its cognate MS2 RNA. The new probes allow for sensitive, low-background visualization of single messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules...
2025-11-1016 min
Paper Talk215-CaCoFold-R3D for predicting RNA structureThe paper introduces CaCoFold-R3D, a novel computational method and probabilistic grammar for predicting RNA structure. This approach uniquely integrates the prediction of RNA secondary structure (canonical helices and pseudoknots) with the simultaneous identification of recurrent three-dimensional (3D) motifs found in non-helical loop regions. A key feature of CaCoFold-R3D is its use of evolutionary information from RNA alignments, specifically covariation, to constrain and improve the accuracy of both helix and 3D motif prediction. The method is described as computationally efficient and capable of predicting a large number of known motifs, offering a significant advancement over previous sequential or...
2025-11-0819 min
What's Next｜科技早知道从 AlphaFold 到 RNA 靶点预测，AI 如何重塑新药研发的未来? | 深科技系列 S9E342024 年的诺贝尔化学奖是颁给了三位在蛋白质结构预测和蛋白质设计领域作出开创性贡献的科学家。这标志着 AI 已经成为生命科学的核心工具 ，正在改变我们理解生命的方式和重塑药物研发的未来。
我们今天的嘉宾是深圳湾实验室的周耀旗教授，他是这场变革的亲历者和推动者之一。他最初在学术界专注于蛋白质结构预测，后来他敏锐地意识到 RNA 领域的潜力与挑战，将研究方向转向 RNA 结构预测。现在他又走上创业之路，带领团队开发 以 RNA 为靶点的小分子药物，探索如何将基础研究真正转化为新的疗法。今天的节目我们聊一聊作为蛋白质结构预测工具的 AlphaFold3，它的突破与局限在哪里？RNA为什么是新一代药物的重要靶点？以及 AI 在新药研发中的作用究竟是什么?
本期人物
周耀旗，深圳湾实验室资深研究员，砺博生物科学创始人
Yaxian，「科技早知道」主播
主要话题
[02:42] 为什么蛋白质结构如此重要？解析蛋白结构是理解生命机器的关键
[05:47] 蛋白质结构预测简史（超硬核）：基于模板 --> 碎片拼接 --> 二面角+距离预测
[14:26] 「1+2=3」：AlphaFold 革命性飞跃的背后
[17:40] 结构生物学家会不会被替代？聊聊 AlphaFold 还做不了的事
[23:26] RNA 结构预测为何更难？仅4个碱基，结构不稳定，已知数据稀缺
[29:24] 蛋白质只是「提线木偶」，RNA 才是「操纵者」
[31:56] 从靶向蛋白到靶向 RNA -- HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的成功和 KRAS 蛋白的「光滑锁眼」的难题
[35:49] 靶向 RNA 药物的里程碑：首个靶向 RNA 的小分子药利司扑兰（Risdiplam）
[38:50] 在缺乏结构数据的情况下，如何开发靶向 RNA 的药物？
[43:06] AI 在新药研发中的真实作用：是加速器，而非革命
[45:39] AI for Science：摆脱数据依赖，回归物理，寻找分子世界的「牛顿定律」
延伸阅读
AlphaFold
由谷歌 DeepMind 开发的人工智能程序，AlphaFold2 在精准预测蛋白质三维结构方面取得革命性突破而闻名。AlphaFold3 将其能力扩展到了 RNA、DNA 等更多分子。
CASP (Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction)
国际蛋白质结构预测竞赛，每两年举办一次，是评估和检验全球结构预测方法水平的「奥林匹克」
KRAS
一种重要的信号蛋白，其基因突变是多种癌症（如胰腺癌、肺癌）的关键驱动因素。由于其蛋白质表面光滑，缺乏明显的结合位点，长期以来被认为是「不可成药」的靶点。
SMN 蛋白 (Survival of Motor Neuron protein)
即运动神经元存活蛋白，该蛋白的缺失会导致 脊髓性肌萎缩症 (SMA)。全球首个靶向 RNA 的药物就是通过调控 SMN 的 RNA 来提高其蛋白水平。
PCC (Pre-clinical Candidate)
即临床前候选化合物，指在早期发现阶段后，被选定进入正式的临床前研究（如动物安全性、药代动力学试验）的药物分子
幕后制作
监制：Yaxian
后期：迪卡
运营：George
设计：饭团
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2025-10-2249 min
Base by Base137: Rethinking RNA-binding proteins: Riboregulation challenges prevailing views️ Episode 137: Rethinking RNA-binding proteins: Riboregulation challenges prevailing views
In this episode of PaperCast Base by Base, we explore how a sweeping expansion of the RNA-binding proteome has reframed long‑held assumptions about RNA–protein interactions, spotlighting ‘non‑canonical’ RBPs and the emerging concept of riboregulation—RNA directly regulating protein function.
Study Highlights:The authors synthesize discovery platforms that tripled the number of candidate RBPs, including UV crosslinking–based interactome capture (RIC/eRIC), silica‑based workflows (TRAPP/2C), and organic‑phase methods (OOPS/XRNAX), together with mass spectrometry to map RNA‑binding regions across the proteome. T...
2025-09-1525 min
Base by Base117: Pol III–linked polyadenylation fuels SINE RNA accumulation during infection️ Episode 117: Pol III–linked polyadenylation fuels SINE RNA accumulation during infection
In this episode of PaperCast Base by Base, we explore how viral infection couples RNA polymerase III transcription with mRNA-like 3′ end processing to stabilize noncoding retrotransposon RNAs, revealing a conserved mechanism that boosts SINE RNA abundance during pathogenic stress. fileciteturn0file0
Study Highlights:Using murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV68) infection as a model, the authors show by Polr3A ChIP-seq that increased Pol III occupancy at type II promoters such as B2 SINEs and tRNA genes contributes to but does not fully explain SINE RNA accumula...
2025-08-2516 min
くつ王レディオ症例報告：HIVの稀な神経症状OMASと「CSF血漿HIV-1 RNA不一致」の衝撃 OFIDOpsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in an ART-naïve patient with CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA discordanceCitationOpen Forum Infect Dis. 2025; doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaf517概要本論文は、抗レトロウイルス療法（ART）未導入のHIV感染患者において、髄液と血漿のHIV-1 RNA量に不一致（CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance）を伴うオプソクローヌス・ミオクローヌス・失調症候群（OMAS）の症例を報告したものである。症例は16歳の女性で、歩行障害、ミオクローヌス、オプソクローヌスを呈し、慢性HIV感染と診断された。血漿のHIV-1 RNA量（8.1×10⁴ copies/mL）に比べ、髄液ではより高値（1.5×10⁵ copies/mL）を示し、CSF/plasma HIV RNA比が1を超える不一致が確認された。髄液では単核球優位の細胞増多と蛋白上昇を伴い、他のウイルスや自己免疫抗体は陰性であった。脳MRIでは大脳深部白質から脳幹にかけて淡い異常信号を認めたが、腫瘍性病変は確認されなかった。治療としてエムトリシタビン/テノホビルアラフェナミドとドルテグラビルを導入したところ、髄液および血漿のHIV-1 RNA量は速やかに低下し、症状も急速に改善した。補助的な免疫抑制療法は行わず、ART単独で神経症状の改善が得られた点が特筆される。本症例は、ART未導入のHIV患者においてもCSF/plasma HIV RNA discordanceがOMAS発症に関与し得ることを示し、こうした場合にはARTのみで臨床的寛解が期待できることを示唆している。今後、HIV関連神経症候群の診断や治療戦略において、髄液・血漿間のウイルス量の比較が重要となる可能性がある。
2025-08-2320 min
Talking Biotech with Dr. Kevin FoltaRevolutionizing Agriculture with RNA Technology - Dr. Andrey ZarurIn this episode of the Talking Biotech podcast, Dr. Andrey Zarur, CEO of Greenlight Biosciences, discusses the innovative applications of RNA technology in agriculture. The conversation covers the challenges of food security, the role of RNA in pest control, and the regulatory advantages of RNA-based products. Dr. Zarur highlights the efficacy and safety of RNA insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, as well as the company's efforts to address bee health. The discussion also touches on public perception and the importance of transparent communication in biotechnology.00:00Introduction to RNA and Its Role in Agriculture02:02Challenges...
2025-08-1658 min
AI News Daily - Your Daily AI Briefing in 5 MinutesAI Buzzwords. Future AI Systems. AI Antibiotics. AI RNA Vaccines.Genie 3, Superintelligence and World Model: What Lies Behind the AI Buzzwords. Future AI Systems to Work on Problems for Hours or Days. AI Designs New Antibiotics from Scratch. How AI Could Speed the Development of RNA Vaccines and Other RNA Therapies.
The AI news for August 16th, 2025
Here are the details of the day's selected top stories:
News #1: Genie 3, Superintelligence and World Model: What Lies Behind the AI Buzzwords
Source: https://www.heise.de/news/Genie-3-Superintelligenz-und-Weltmodell-Was-hinter-den-KI-Buzzwords-steckt-10537379.html?wt_mc=rss.red.ho.themen.k%C3%BCnstliche+intelligenz.beitrag.beitrag
Why did we choose this article?
This article provides an...
2025-08-1605 min
Paper Talk026-Cellular responses to RNA damageThis paper explores the cellular responses to RNA damage, highlighting its critical role in maintaining life processes, similar to DNA. It discusses how RNA, despite its transient nature, is constantly susceptible to damage from various endogenous and environmental sources, including oxidation, alkylation, and UV irradiation. The text details the consequences of RNA damage, such as compromised transcription, splicing, and translation fidelity, which necessitate rapid cellular responses. Furthermore, it explains the mechanisms cells employ to manage RNA damage, including sequestration, degradation, and direct repair, and emphasizes the intricate interplay between RNA and DNA damage responses. Finally, the text links RNA...
2025-08-1522 min聊聊Sci033-RNA损伤响应：机制、疾病与治疗🧬这篇文章主要探讨细胞对RNA损伤的反应，强调了RNA在生命过程中蛋白质生物合成和各种调控功能的核心作用。文章解释了RNA如何像DNA一样持续受到内源性和环境源的损害，并详细阐述了细胞如何通过复杂的RNA损伤反应机制来应对这些挑战，这对于细胞在核酸损伤剂暴露下的生存以及损伤的修复至关重要。此外，它还讨论了RNA损伤与多种人类疾病之间的关联，包括炎症、癌症和神经退行性疾病，并提出了针对RNA损伤反应网络作为潜在治疗靶点的可能性。References: Cordes J, Zhao S, Engel C M, et al. Cellular responses to RNA damage[J]. Cell, 2025, 188(4): 885-900.
2025-07-2916 min
EUVCE525 | Jean Schmitt (Jolt Capital ) & Rob Blackie (Crampton Blackie): The State of RNA in Europe & the TechBio OpportunityIn this week's podcast, is joined by at and at to explore one of the most consequential deep tech opportunities Europe faces: RNA. With roots in foundational biology and applications from cancer therapy to precision agriculture, RNA is both a symbol and a stress test of Europe’s capacity to scale science into sovereignty.The conversation is based on their on the State of RNA in Europe, a data-rich, in-depth analysis of patents, funding flows, regulatory bottlenecks, and startup activity across the continent.Her...
2025-07-1956 min
The European VCJean Schmitt & Rob Blackie (Jolt Capital): The State of RNA in Europe & the TechBio OpportunityIn this week's podcast, Andreas Munk Holm is joined by Jean Schmitt at Jolt Capital and Rob Blackie at Crampton Blackie to explore one of the most consequential deep tech opportunities Europe faces: RNA. With roots in foundational biology and applications from cancer therapy to precision agriculture, RNA is both a symbol and a stress test of Europe’s capacity to scale science into sovereignty.The conversation is based on their Landmark 2025 Report on the State of RNA in Europe, a data-rich, in-depth analysis of patents, funding flows, regulatory bottlenecks, and startup activity across the continent.H...
2025-07-1956 min
AI with ShailyAI with Shaily: How Machine Learning is Revolutionizing RNA Splicing Prediction and DesignWelcome to AI with Shaily! 🎙️ Shailendra Kumar, also known as Shaily, takes you on an exciting journey through the latest breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, especially where it intersects with biology and medicine. Today’s episode dives deep into the fascinating world of RNA splicing and how machine learning is revolutionizing this crucial biological process. 🧬✨
RNA splicing is nature’s way of editing genetic information inside our cells—deciding which parts of RNA to keep and which to cut out, much like a molecular editor. This process is vital because it influences how genes express themselves and plays a key role in understanding...
2025-07-0603 min
cc: Life Science PodcastWhat Are Those RNA Modifications Doing for Gene Regulation?When we talk about gene expression, most of the focus is on DNA and RNA sequences, but there’s a lesser-known, more subtle layer of regulation: RNA modifications. In this episode, I spoke with Gudrun Stengel, CEO and co-founder of Alida Biosciences, to explore how this fine-tuning mechanism affects everything from cell differentiation to cancer survival, and how her company is helping to decode it.RNA Modifications: A Hidden Code Within the CodeGudrun kicked things off by explaining how RNA modifications influence gene expression at multiple levels: splicing, translation initiation, intracellular trafficking and mRNA ha...
2025-06-1827 min
Base by Base️ 42: Amino Acids Catalyse RNA Formation — Unlocking Prebiotic Cross-Catalysis️ Episode 42: Amino Acids Catalyse RNA Formation — Unlocking Prebiotic Cross-Catalysis In this episode of Base por Base, we delve into the groundbreaking 2025 Nature Communications study by Rout et al., which uncovers how simple amino acids, under ambient alkaline dry conditions, act as potent acid-base catalysts to drive non-enzymatic RNA oligomerisation from ribonucleoside-2′,3′-cyclic phosphates . Principais destaques:Amino acids elevate RNA oligomer yields by more than 100-fold at pH values near their amine pKa, enabling room-temperature polymerisation of 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates into oligomers up to seven nucleotides long . Hydrophobic residues such as valine, leucine and isoleucine exert the stronges...
2025-06-1123 min
雷比特生物空中講2025 biology talkshow : RNA 調控-miRNA 與 siRNA 的雙軌探討 (選修生物I)討論 miRNA 和 siRNA 在 RNA 調控 領域的重要性和應用。解釋這兩種小分子 RNA 在 轉錄後基因調控 中的作用，以及它們的發現如何改變了我們對 RNA 功能的認知。區分 miRNA 和 siRNA 在來源、結構、作用方式和臨床應用上的差異，並闡述各自在生物醫學研究和疾病治療方面的潛力與挑戰。 聽完後可以自主進行線上測驗，檢視學習成效喔~(需要登入gemini) 測驗網址 https://g.co/gemini/share/2c2baba5e947 miRNA 與 siRNA：RNA 調控革命下的雙軌領航者 一、重新認識RNA的角色：從信使到調控者 2024 年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎，頒發給了美國分子生物學家 Victor Ambros 與 Gary Ruvkun，以表彰他們對於「microRNA（miRNA）」的開創性研究與發現，尤其揭示了這些小分子 RNA 在 轉錄後基因調控 中所扮演的深遠角色。這項突破性的研究改變了我們對 RNA 僅為「信使」的傳統認知，讓科學界首次意識到 RNA 亦能成為調節細胞命運與功能的關鍵因子。miRNA 的發現，不僅開啟了一扇通往分子層級調控機制的新窗，也讓人類對發育過程、疾病形成與治療策略的理解邁向全新層次。 這些研究表明，RNA 不再僅是 DNA 與蛋白質之間的中介者，而是能夠獨立參與調控、甚至主導基因表達網絡的「操控者」。在細胞內部，miRNA 以其特有的結構與作用模式，針對多個 mRNA 目標實施翻譯抑制或促進降解，展現出高層次、系統性的調控能力。這不僅對於胚胎發育與組織分化極為關鍵，也與癌症、代謝病與神經退化疾病等複雜病理密切相關。 事實上，在 2006 年，另一項關於 RNA 調控能力的發現也獲得了諾貝爾殊榮。當年，Andrew Fire 與 Craig Mello 以他們對 RNA干擾（RNA interference, RNAi） 的研究成果榮獲諾貝爾生醫獎。他們發現，透過外來導入的雙股 RNA（dsRNA），可以觸發細胞內一套稱為 RNAi 的機制，進一步抑制特定基因表達。這項研究首次展示 RNA 能夠精準且高效地關閉目標基因，並催生出以小干擾 RNA（siRNA）為基礎的基因沉默工具。 自此之後，siRNA 和 miRNA 雙雙成為 RNA 調控世界的核心角色。兩者雖然在來源與作用方式上各具差異，卻都擁有共通的核心機制與關鍵分子，如 Dicer 與 RISC 複合體。現今，siRNA 被廣泛應用於基因功能研究與精準藥物開發，其在多種疾病的治療中已展現實用潛力，並成功催生數種通過 FDA 核准的 RNAi 藥物。而 miRNA 則因其多目標調控性，在癌症與神經疾病的生物標記、疾病預測與機制解析方面嶄露頭角，也正逐步推進治療用途的開發。 因此，從 RNA 僅為基因表達通道中的「信差」，轉變為具主導力的「調控者」，這場 RNA 革命早已悄然展開。無論是 siRNA 還是 miRNA，它們不僅證明了 RNA 的多面性，更讓 RNA 成為基因醫學與個人化療法的新主角。 二、什麼是 miRNA？細胞內的「審稿編輯」 microRNA（miRNA） 是一類由細胞基因本身所轉錄而成的小分子非編碼 RNA，長度約為 20–24 個核苷酸。雖然它們並不參與蛋白質的合成，但卻能在轉錄後的階段對目標 mRNA 進行調控，成為調節基因表達的重要因子。可以將 miRNA 想像成細胞內部的「編輯審查員」，他們負責審核 mRNA 這份「蛋白質製作稿件」，檢查是否內容正確、格式合宜，甚至有權讓其退回或直接銷毀。 miRNA 的功能主要表現在對 mRNA 的「沉默作用」，這種作用可藉由兩種途徑實現：其一為與目標 mRNA 形成部分互補配對後，阻止其被翻譯成蛋白質；其二則是誘導 mRNA 降解，防止錯誤資訊產生錯誤蛋白。這種調控機制對維持細胞內的穩定性與精確性極為重要，特別是在細胞分化、發育時序、代謝控制、甚至疾病調節中都扮演著關鍵角色。 miRNA 的生成機制是一連串高度專一化與有序的過程，主要包含以下幾個步驟：pri-miRNA（初級 miRNA）：由基因啟動區直接轉錄出的長鏈 RNA，具有髮夾狀結構，是 miRNA 的前驅形式。Drosha 與 DGCR8（在動物細胞中）形成複合體，於細胞核中將 pri-miRNA 剪切為較短的 pre-miRNA（前體 miRNA），通常長約 60–70 個核苷酸。Exportin-5 作為核輸出蛋白，負責將 pre-miRNA 經由核孔運送至細胞質。Dicer 酵素在細胞質中將 pre-miRNA 剪切成長度約 22 個核苷酸的雙股 miRNA。其中一條鏈（引導鏈）會被裝載到 RISC 複合體（RNA-induced silencing complex） 中，而另一條（乘客鏈）則通常會被降解。結合於 RISC 的 miRNA 將引導該複合體尋找目標 mRNA，進行翻譯抑制或促進降解，視其配對程度而定。整個 miRNA 生合成與作用過程就如同一個嚴謹的出版流程：從初稿（pri-miRNA）的編寫、修改（Drosha/Dicer 的剪切）、審核（RISC 的選擇性結合）到最終出版與否（mRNA 是否被翻譯）。這樣的機制不僅顯示細胞內部對資訊傳遞的高度把關，也彰顯 miRNA 在生物體中的功能遠比最初想像來得更深遠與多樣。 如今，數千種 miRNA 已在不同生物體中被發現，證實其在胚胎發育、免疫調節、神經形成乃至癌症發展中，皆擁有高度特異性的表現與功能。miRNA 不只是單一基因的調控工具，更是一整個生物網絡平衡的關鍵節點。 三、RNAi 與 siRNA：精準打擊的防火牆機制 RNA 干擾（RNA interference, RNAi） 是一種高度保守且廣泛存在於真核生物中的基因沉默機制，代表著 RNA 分子從「信使」轉變為「主動調控者」的生物學觀念躍進。在 RNAi 過程中，細胞能夠透過特定小型 RNA 分子的導引，精確識別並沉默特定 mRNA，進一步調控基因表達，對細胞穩定與防禦機制有深遠影響。 RNAi 的啟動通常依賴於外源性來源或實驗導入的雙股 RNA 分子，例如病毒感染中產生的雙股 RNA 或人工合成的小干擾 RNA（siRNA）。這些雙股 RNA 會被細胞內的 Dicer 酵素辨識並剪切，形成長度約 21–23 個核苷酸的 siRNA。這些 siRNA 會進一步被載入 RISC（RNA-induced silencing complex）複合體，其中一股 RNA 作為導引鏈（guide strand），與標的 mRNA 完全互補結合，最終促使該 mRNA 被降解，阻止其轉譯為蛋白質。 siRNA（small interfering RNA） 作為 RNAi 機制中的執行者，因其能夠高度精準地瞄準特定基因而受到研究者與藥物開發者的高度重視。其結構上的完全互補性賦予其高度選擇性與效率，是目前研究基因功能與開發標靶治療的重要工具之一。特別是在癌症與遺傳疾病等需抑制特定致病基因的情境下，siRNA 提供一種簡便且有效的非蛋白質類藥物策略。 RNAi 的生物學意義首次在 1998 年由 Andrew Fire 與 Craig Mello 於模式生物秀麗隱桿線蟲（C. elegans）中實驗性證實。他們觀察到雙股 RNA 能有效抑制目標基因的表現，遠較單股 RNA 更具干擾效果，這項研究不僅揭示 RNA 的調控潛能，也成為基因沉默研究的重大突破。Fire 與 Mello 因此於 2006 年獲頒諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。 時至今日，siRNA 已從基礎研究工具轉型為臨床發展的先鋒分子，其在治療罕見遺傳病、病毒感染與代謝疾病等領域中應用廣泛。這些進展也進一步證明 RNA 不僅是生物資訊的載體，更是強而有力的調控與治療因子，重新定位了 RNA 在細胞生物學與醫療科技中的核心地位。 四、miRNA 與 siRNA：類似平台，不同策略 雖然 microRNA（miRNA）與小干擾 RNA（siRNA）都透過 Dicer 酵素與 RISC 複合體進行基因沉默作用，但它們在來源、結構、作用方式與臨床應用上，存在本質上的差異，決定了各自在生理功能與醫療領域中的獨特角色。
2025-05-3008 min
Mendelspod PodcastThe Grammar of RNA: Gavin Knott on Gene Editing and Structural Biology in the Age of AIIn this episode of Mendelspod, we plunge into the shape-shifting world of RNA with Dr. Gavin Knott, associate professor at Monash University and alum of Jennifer Doudna’s lab. Knott is part of a new generation of researchers setting structural biology ablaze with AI, decoding RNA-guided systems and expanding the CRISPR toolbox far beyond its original scope.Knott introduces the listener to RNA not just as code, but as living language. He discusses how AI now allows scientists to see molecules in 3D at the beginning of a project rather than years into it: “You can take that...
2025-05-2931 min
Louise Ai Chat 29.99 on the App Store - David S. NishimotoLouise ai agent : CSIPR and RNA Splicing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems, notably the CRISPR-associated protein 13 (Cas13), are guided by a synthetic guide ribonucleic acid (guide RNA) to target specific sequences on precursor messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-messenger RNA). Cas13 is a type of RNA-guided endonuclease that is part of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system. Unlike other Cas proteins, which typically target DNA, Cas13 specifically targets RNA. This makes it a valuable tool in genetic research and biotechnology, particularly for applications involving RNA detection and editing. Cas13 can be used to modify RNA sequences, which can have implications...
2025-05-241h 03
Base by Base️ 22: Immune Sensing Unveiled — Ribonuclease Control of Naked Extracellular RNA️ Episode 22: Immune Sensing Unveiled — Ribonuclease Control of Naked Extracellular RNA In this episode of Base por Base, we explore a landmark study by Castellano et al. (2025) published in Cell Genomics that uncovers how extracellular ribonucleases regulate the immune detection and functional uptake of naked extracellular RNA (exRNA). Through strategic use of a broad-spectrum ribonuclease inhibitor, the authors demonstrate that, contrary to long-held assumptions, naked exRNAs can be spontaneously internalized by dendritic cells and macrophages, engage both endosomal Toll-like receptors and cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors, and even serve as templates for protein translation, thereby revealing a novel, nonvesicular pathway of i...
2025-05-1616 min
detektor.fm | PodcastsSpektrum der Wissenschaft – Der Podcast | Genetik: Die RNA-RevolutionRNA, das steht für Ribonukleinsäure. Sie ist ein entscheidendes Molekül, das zahlreiche lebenswichtige Aufgaben in Zellen erfüllt. Der bekannteren DNA (Desoxyribonukleinsäure) ist sie zwar sehr ähnlich, unterscheidet sich aber strukturell und in ihren Funktionen.
Was macht die RNA im Körper?
RNA codiert Proteine. Das dürfte den meisten noch aus dem Biologie-Unterricht bekannt vorkommen. Aber was genau bedeutet das? Im Grunde hilft sie dabei, die Informationen der DNA zu übersetzen: Letztere enthält die Erbinformation, also den Bauplan unseres Körpers. Die RNA wiederum überträgt als sogenannte messenger-RNA (mRNA) die gen...
2025-01-1722 min
Business Of BiotechRNA Sandbox with Johns Hopkins RNA Innovation Center's Jeff Coller, Ph.D. and Michelle Kim, Ph.D.We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. In close partnership woth Johns Hopkins and TriLink BioTechnologies, Jeff Coller, Ph.D. and Michelle Kim, Ph.D. have built a sandbox for RNA developers and aspirational RNA business builders to play in. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, we team up once again with Advancing RNA's Anna Rose Welch to learn about the venture, dubbed the Johns Hopkins University RNA Innovation Center. Anna Rose and I query Drs. Coller and Kim on how the Center came to be, what it has to...
2025-01-131h 06
雷比特生物空中講2024 高一生物 CH2-生命密碼的雙重語言 DNA &RNADNA與RNA--生命密碼的雙重語言 雷比特的聽眾朋友您好~歡迎你來到雷比特的生物世界! 今天又是美好的一天~想問問你,,你有想過到底遺傳的基本單位是什麼？ 。想像一下，如果我們的身體是一部高科技機器，那一定需要一本說明書來指導這台機器如何運作，而這本「說明書」正是 DNA（去氧核糖核酸）。不過，說明書只是記錄，還得有一個助手來執行裡面的指令。這位「得力助手」就是 RNA（核糖核酸）。 DNA 和 RNA 就像是一對合作無間的搭檔。DNA 負責存放遺傳信息，而 RNA 負責把這些信息翻譯成行動指令。為了搞懂這對「分子拍檔」的奧秘，我們首先得從它們的「基本單位」——核苷酸 開始說起。 核苷酸是 DNA 和 RNA 的基本單位，就像拼圖的每一塊，或者是一條鏈條上的每一節。每一個核苷酸都是由三個部分組成的五碳糖。包括五碳糖,含氮鹼基,磷酸根。 我們先來認識第一部份五碳糖在 RNA結構裡 的五碳糖叫「核糖」，由五個碳,十個氫,五個氧構成。多了一個氧原子，讓它更靈活，但也更容易被降解。在 DNA 中的五碳糖的名字叫「去氧核糖」，由五個碳,十個氫,四個氧構成。比起核糖少了一個氧原子，所以更加穩定，適合長期保存。 第二部分是含氮鹼基這是核苷酸最重要的部分，因為鹼基負責攜帶遺傳信息。DNA 和 RNA 所具有的鹼基稍有不同：嘌呤類：[腺嘌呤 (A)] 和 [鳥嘌呤 (G)]，這些鹼基結構比較大，有兩個環形結構。嘧啶類：[胞嘧啶 (C)]、[胸腺嘧啶 (T)]僅 DNA 具有。和 [尿嘧啶 (U)]僅 RNA具有，這些鹼基結構較小，只有一個環形結構。第三部分是磷酸根磷酸根就像核苷酸的「黏合劑」，負責把每個核苷酸連接起來，形成長鏈。它還賦予 DNA 和 RNA 帶負電的性質，影響它們在細胞內的穩定性和行動方式。這三部分加在一起，就形成了核苷酸這個小分子單位。DNA 和 RNA 就是由千千萬萬的核苷酸拼接而成。 那核苷酸是如何連結起來呢?就像分子的「串珠遊戲」 。要把一個個核苷酸組合成 DNA 或 RNA 的長鏈，關鍵就在於它們之間的化學連結。這種連結方式叫作 磷酸二酯鍵，是所有核酸結構穩定的基礎。 核苷酸之間的連結就像搭積木一般。每個核苷酸有兩個重要的「連接口」。一端是 3端羥基磷酸基團。（位於五碳糖的第三個碳原子上）。另一端是 5端磷酸基團。(或稱磷酸根)。（位於下一個核苷酸的第五個碳原子上）。 當一個核苷酸的 3端羥基遇上另一個核苷酸的 5端磷酸基團時，它們會「牽手」，形成穩定的磷酸二酯鍵，並釋放一個水分子。（這叫脫水反應）。就這樣，核苷酸一節一節連接起來，像串珠一樣，組成了 DNA 或 RNA 的長鏈。 一條核酸的長鏈是有「方向性」的。這種方向性來自於每個核苷酸的結構。當你拿著一段 DNA 或 RNA 時，你會發現它有一頭一尾，這兩端各自帶有不同的化學特徵。5端這一端的核苷酸「頭部」露出的是磷酸根。3'端這一端的核苷酸「尾部」露出的是羥基。這就是為什麼我們說 DNA 和 RNA 有方向性，你要知道要合成DNA或RNA得從 5 端往 3端產生。這是它們唯一能合成的方向，反過來可行不通。這種「單行道」的設計對於 DNA 複製和 RNA 合成非常重要，就像工廠的流水線一樣，必須從一頭開始，按順序完成。 DNA 多為雙股結構。是如何維持穩定的？ DNA 的雙股螺旋結構既美觀又高效，那麼它為什麼能夠如此穩定，甚至在極端條件下依然保持完整呢？這一切都得歸功於以下幾個關鍵機制：。 DNA 的穩定性首先來自於鹼基之間的精準配對。。[腺嘌呤 (A)] 總是與 [胸腺嘧啶 (T)] 配對，[鳥嘌呤 (G)] 總是與 [胞嘧啶 (C)] 配對。A配T。G配C。這種特定的配對靠的是氫鍵的作用：。[A] 和 [T] 之間有 2 個氫鍵。[G] 和 [C] 之間有 3 個氫鍵，比起AT的組合更穩定。 氫鍵雖然是弱分子間作用力，但由於 DNA 中有數百萬個鹼基對，這些氫鍵的總作用力非常強，形成了穩固的「分子拉鍊」，讓雙螺旋結構不容易斷裂。 DNA 的穩定性還來自於相鄰鹼基對之間的「疊加作用」，也叫 鹼基堆積力。簡單來說，DNA 的鹼基對之間會有一種「疊羅漢」的排列方式，產生疏水作用和范德華力，像磚牆一樣堆疊起來，增加結構的穩定性。這種疊加讓 DNA 更加堅固，同時防止外界的水分子干擾內部結構。 DNA 的兩條股是反向平行的（即一條是 5端到 3端，另一條是 3端 到 5端），這樣的設計不僅讓鹼基能夠精準對接，還分散了外力對單一方向的衝擊，進一步提升穩定性。 DNA 骨架中的磷酸基團帶有負電荷，這些負電荷會彼此排斥，讓 DNA 的雙鏈處於一種「拉開但不分離」的張力狀態。這種電荷排斥力在細胞內由金屬離子（如鎂離子）中和，保持雙螺旋的穩定同時，又讓 DNA 保持靈活性。 DNA 雖然穩定，但它仍然需要在細胞內受到額外保護。比如：組蛋白的包裹：DNA 纏繞在組蛋白上，形成染色質，進一步保護 DNA 不受外界損傷。酶的修復機制：即使 DNA 受到輻射或化學物質的攻擊，細胞內的修復酶系統也能快速檢測並修補受損區域。 那該如何合成 DNA？需要哪些原料？ DNA 的合成發生在細胞分裂前的準備階段，這個過程叫作 DNA 複製。目的是保證每個新細胞都能獲得一份完整的遺傳信息。要完成這個過程，我們需要一些「建築材料」和「工具」。 DNA 基本原料是去氧核苷酸三磷酸，簡稱「dNTPs」，這是一組帶有三個磷酸基的高能分子，小寫d代表去氧核糖，TP代表3個磷酸基，N的位置隨著帶有的含氮鹼基而有不同代號呈現。包括以下四種：。腺嘌呤去氧核苷酸。縮寫為（dATP）。鳥嘌呤去氧核苷酸。縮寫為（dGTP）。胞嘧啶去氧核苷酸。縮寫為（dCTP）。胸腺嘧啶去氧核苷酸。縮寫為（dTTP）。它們就像蓋房子的磚塊，一個接一個地添加到 DNA 長鏈中。當這些分子中的高能磷酸鍵斷裂時，會釋放能量，為整個合成反應提供動力。 DNA 的合成是一個精準又高效的過程，主要發生在細胞分裂前。這一過程被稱為 DNA 複製，目的是將遺傳信息完整地傳遞給下一代細胞。 讓我們來看看這個過程的核心部分。 我們先簡單介紹DNA 複製的過程 一開始解旋酶負責打開 DNA 的雙螺旋結構，形成一個「複製叉」，露出兩條單鏈作為模板。 引子酶會在模板鏈上合成一段 RNA 引物，提供一個起始點，DNA 聚合酶可以從這裡開始工作。 DNA 聚合酶沿著模板鏈的方向，一個接一個地添加核苷酸，按照鹼基配對原則（[A]配[T]，[G]配[C]），合成一條與模板鏈互補的新鏈。 為了保證遺傳信息的準確性，DNA 聚合酶還會檢查新鏈中是否有配對錯誤，並及時修正。 那RNA 又是如何合成的？需要哪些原料？ RNA 的合成過程叫做 轉錄，這是 DNA 向 RNA 傳遞信息的第一步。讓我們來看看 RNA 是如何快速而高效地完成任務的。 RNA 的合成需要一組原料，叫作 核苷酸三磷酸（NTPs），縮寫跟DNA原料類似，但因為帶有核糖，所以縮寫前面並沒
2024-12-1812 min
In VivoCan Memories Be Inherited? Dr. Oded Rechavi on RNA, Epigenetics & Evolution | Ep. 13Can memories be inherited? In this episode of In Vivo, Dr. Oded Rechavi challenges long-held genetic dogma, revealing how RNA molecules, not just DNA, can store and transmit information across generations.Topics we cover:- How small RNAs bypass the Weismann barrier to transmit memory- Why our ancestors’ experiences might shape our biology- How C. elegans experiments reveal a hidden layer of inheritance- What this means for evolution, epigenetics & gene regulation- The controversial history of Lamarckian inheritance- Could RNA therapy redefine medicine, memory & disease treatment? About Dr. Oded Rechavi:Dr. Oded Rechavi is a leading researcher at Tel Aviv Un...
2024-10-101h 00
科学段链Vol.31 2024诺贝尔奖新突破：微小RNA揭幕基因调控🎤【嘉宾】叶盛 北京航空航天大学教授 结构生物学家🎙【主持人】段玉龙（@玉龙小段）资深节目主持人/会弹吉他的科普大V/深夜情感节目退隐主播———————📖【本期简介】2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖火热出炉！维克托·安布罗斯和加里·鲁夫昆因揭开微小RNA的神秘面纱，并揭示其在基因调控中的关键作用而荣获此奖。微小RNA，这些微小却威力巨大的分子，虽然不直接参与蛋白质编码，却在调控基因表达上发挥着至关重要的作用。叶盛教授生动讲述了微小RNA的发现之旅，以及它在发育和癌症研究中的惊艳表现。微小RNA能否成为医疗领域的超级英雄，为治疗难题带来曙光？让我们共同见证这一科学奇迹的璀璨绽放！———————🗺【收听指南】00:04:08：基因调控的奥秘：揭秘微小RNA如何操控生命之书00:08:09：线虫如何舞动基因？ 发现微小RNA在发育中的秘密00:14:14：生命的起源之旅：线虫揭示从受精卵到成熟个体的奇迹00:16:17：疾病治疗的新钥匙？ 微小RNA在医疗实践中的潜力00:20:25：科研的新武器：微小RNA在医学领域的潜力与挑战
2024-10-1027 minIn VivoDiscovering 130k New Viruses in 11 Days: Dr. Artem Babaian on RNA, AI & Pandemic Prevention | Ep. 12Can AI help prevent the next pandemic? Dr. Artem Babaian used computational biology to uncover 130,000 new RNA viruses in just 11 days, dramatically expanding our knowledge of viral diversity.In this episode of In Vivo, we explore:-How RNA viruses evolve & why they mutate so fast- The Serratus Project and its role in global viral surveillance- How AI, machine learning & cloud computing helped accelerate virus discovery- Why most viral genomes remain hidden in public databases- The importance of open-source science & big data in biology- How this research can help predict and prevent future pandemicsAbout Dr. Artem Babaian:Dr. Artem Babaian...
2024-09-241h 30
DNA Today: A Genetics Podcast#303 RNA Analysis with Ambry GeneticsWe have wanted to explore the role of RNA analysis in genetic testing for a long time on DNA Today, but waited until we could get THE leader in the space, Ambry Genetics. The Vice President of Research and Development and head of their Translational Genomics lab, Dr. Rachid Karam, was kind enough to come on to have this long awaited conversation.
We'll discuss Ambry Genetics' history of innovation in RNA testing, how it has increased diagnostic yield and reduced Variants of Uncertain Significance in hereditary cancer testing, and its role in closing health disparity g...
2024-08-2335 min
Eye On A.I.#202 Raphael Townshend: How AI and RNA Tech is Transforming Drug Discovery (Inside Atomic AI)In this episode of the Eye on AI podcast, we explore the cutting-edge intersection of AI and biotechnology with Raphael Townshend, founder and CEO of Atomic AI. Raphael delves into the revolutionary potential of AI in RNA drug discovery, highlighting Atomic AI's innovative approach. He shares his journey from studying electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley to developing advanced AI models for understanding RNA structures, analogous to DeepMind's AlphaFold for proteins. We dive deep into the intricacies of RNA's role in the human genome and its untapped potential in tr...
2024-08-0759 min
Scientificast, la scienza come non l'hai mai sentitaLa musica dei muoni a RNALa puntata si apre parlando di RNA, dopo una panoramica sulle funzioni di RNA messaggero, RNA di trasporto e RNA ribosomale, parliamo di quegli RNA meno conosciuti ma che stiamo capendo solo ora possono avere ruoli fondamentali. E uno di questi RNA è stato appena scoperto e denominato "bridge RNA" e con il suo enzima sembra avere una funzione simile a quella di CRISPR-Cas9 fornendoci un nuovo strumento di editing genetico.Anna intervista Giovanni Di Liberto, Professore di Sistemi Intelligenti al Trinity College a Dublino che ci parla di neuroscienze della musica. In particolare, Giovanni descrive come viene elaborato il suono n...
2024-07-0157 min
Converging Dialogues#351 - RNA as Catalyst: A Dialogue with Thomas CechIn this episode, Xavier Bonilla has a dialogue with Thomas Cech about RNA as a major catalyst in organic systems. They discuss why RNA does not get discussed as much as DNA, basics of DNA, RNA as a catalyst, and the splicing capabilities of RNA. They also talk about transcription, translation, and splicing, RNA as internal catalyst and external catalyst, and the origins of life. They talk about telomeres and extended life, different types of RNA, mRNA vaccines, CRISPR, and many more topics. Thomas Cech is distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Colorado-Boulder...
2024-06-1750 min
Ground TruthsTom Cech: RNA Takes Center StageIn this podcast, Thomas Czech, Distinguished Professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, with a lineage of remarkable contributions on RNA, ribozyme, and telomeres, discuss why RNA is so incredibly versatile.Video snippet from our conversation. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Transcript with links to the audio and external linksEric Topol (00:07):Well, hello, this is Eric Topol from Ground Truths, and it's really a delight for me to welcome Tom Cech...
2024-06-0549 min
Into the Impossible With Brian KeatingLife's Catalyst: RNA with Thomas CechJoin my mailing list https://briankeating.com/list to win a real 4 billion year old meteorite! All .edu emails in the USA 🇺🇸 will WIN!How did life begin? What makes us human? Why do we get sick and grow old? For more than half a century, we've searched for answers to these questions in DNA. But after a series of groundbreaking discoveries, attention has turned to RNA, the long-overlooked molecule that is now at the heart of biology's greatest mysteries.Here today, to shed light o...
2024-06-0457 min
Behind the GenesClare Kennedy: Genomics 101 - What is the difference between DNA and RNA?In this explainer episode, we’ve asked Clare Kennedy, Clinical Bioinformatician at Genomics England, to explain what the difference is between DNA and RNA, in less than 10 minutes.
You can also find a series of short videos explaining some of the common terms you might encounter about genomics on our YouTube channel.
If you’ve got any questions, or have any other topics you’d like us to explain, feel free to contact us on info@genomicsengland.co.uk.
Want to find out more? Check out the blog 'Genomics 101: RNA vs DNA, what's the diff...
2024-03-2009 min
Spektrum-PodcastRNA-Arzneimittel: Die Zukunft der Medizin?Große Hoffnungen, große Gewinne: Der Hype um RNA-Arzneimittel wurde durch die Impfstoffe während der Covid-19-Pandemie entfacht. Und der Wettlauf um die nächste Generation der Technologie hat bereits begonnen.
(00:00:00) Intro
(00:00:48) Begrüßung
(00:01:55) Was ist RNA?
(00:03:56) Wie kann RNA genutzt werden?
(00:06:45) Was sind die Nachteile von RNA-Impfstoff?
(00:09:32) Was ist der Vorteil von ringförmiger RNA?
(00:12:36) Wie wird RNA-Impfstoff hergestellt?
(00:15:34) Wie sehen zukünftige Anwendungen aus?
(00:19:41) Wird ringförmige RNA die nächste medizinische Revolution?
(00:21:44) Was sind die nächsten Schritte?
(00:24:06) Verabschiedung
Hier entlang geht’s zu den Link...
2024-02-1624 min
detektor.fm | WissenRNA-Arzneimittel: Die Zukunft der Medizin?Große Hoffnungen, große Gewinne: Der Hype um RNA-Arzneimittel wurde durch die Impfstoffe während der Covid-19-Pandemie entfacht. Und der Wettlauf um die nächste Generation der Technologie hat bereits begonnen.
(00:00:00) Intro
(00:00:48) Begrüßung
(00:01:55) Was ist RNA?
(00:03:56) Wie kann RNA genutzt werden?
(00:06:45) Was sind die Nachteile von RNA-Impfstoff?
(00:09:32) Was ist der Vorteil von ringförmiger RNA?
(00:12:36) Wie wird RNA-Impfstoff hergestellt?
(00:15:34) Wie sehen zukünftige Anwendungen aus?
(00:19:41) Wird ringförmige RNA die nächste medizinische Revolution?
(00:21:44) Was sind die nächsten Schritte?
(00:24:06) Verabschiedung
Hier entlang geht’s zu den Link...
2024-02-1624 min
The Pittcon PodcastRNA Chemistry: Deciphering the Building Blocks of LifeRegister for Pittcon 2024 in San Diego!🧬 Join us as we delve into the fascinating world of RNA chemistry, exploring the intricate role RNA plays in the fabric of life. This interview offers a profound look into how RNA, beyond its genetic functions, influences health and disease. Discover the latest advancements in RNA chemistry and how these breakthroughs are reshaping our understanding of biological processes and therapeutic possibilities.🔍 Learn about the innovative research being conducted in RNA chemistry, the challenges scientists face, and the potential of RNA-based therapies. From the fundamentals of RNA structure to its...
2023-11-2710 min
The InteractomeEpisode 25: It’s RNA’s World, And We’re Just Living In ItWelcome to our part 2 of the central dogma of biology series! In this episode, Maia, Joe and Natalie talk all things RNA. Tune in to learn about the molecular structure differences between RNA and DNA, mRNA vaccines, and to hear some polarizing biological theories!
Links:
Our Website: https://interactomemedia.wixsite.com/website
Twitter: https://twitter.com/theinteractome
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/interactome_media/
Mastodon: @interactome@universeodon.com
Credits:
Audio/Video Editing: Sam Pickell
Artwork: Maia Reyes
Transcript: Margaret Downs
Intro/Outro Music: Geovane Bruno - Dancing I...
2023-11-201h 01
BioSpeak11 RNA, Part 2, Molecular Structure, Production And ProcessingDiscover the intricacies of RNA's molecular structure, production, growth, and processing in this episode. Learn how RNA acts as a copy of DNA, the role of RNA polymerase, and the crucial post-transcriptional modifications that transform immature RNA into its mature state, ensuring proper protein synthesis. Explore the distinctions between RNA and DNA, such as RNA's ribose sugar, and uncover its significance in the grand orchestration of life.
2023-10-3107 min
英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟第1965期:Scientists Recover Genetic RNA from Extinct Tasmanian TigerResearchers say they have recovered genetic material from the Tasmanian tiger, an Australian animal that has long been extinct. The discovery could help scientists learn more about these creatures before they disappeared from Earth.研究人员表示，他们已经从塔斯马尼亚虎身上找到了遗传物质，塔斯马尼亚虎是一种早已灭绝的澳大利亚动物。 这一发现可以帮助科学家在这些生物从地球上消失之前更多地了解它们。The recovered material is called ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA is a group of molecules present in all living cells that is important for genetic activity. It is similar to DNA, the molecules that contain an organism's genetic instructions.回收的物质称为核糖核酸或RNA。 RNA 是存在于所有活细胞中的一组分子，对遗传活动非常重要。 它类似于 DNA，即包含有机体遗传指令的分子。RNA carries genetic information it receives from DNA. RNA combines groups of proteins that organisms require to live and works to control cell metabolism.RNA携带从DNA接收的遗传信息。 RNA结合了生物体生存所需的蛋白质组并控制细胞代谢。The researchers said the recovered RNA came from skin and muscle from the remains of a Tasmanian tiger stored since 1891 in a museum in Stockholm, Sw...
2023-10-0505 min
Sustainable Winegrowing189: RNA-Based Vaccination for Grapevine VirusesRNA Interference, known as RNAi, is a biological process that leads to the silencing of gene expression. A lot of plant viruses are RNA viruses including grapevine leafroll-associated virus and grapevine red blotch virus. Yen-Wen Kuo, Assistant Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of California, Davis is researching ways to induce RNAi in grapevines to target virus. Growers may have heard of double-stranded RNA sprays which are intended to initiate RNAi. The challenge has been that double-stranded RNA breaks down quickly in the elements. The Kou lab is working to improve this process and look...
2023-07-2024 min
Aging-USRNA Virus Fruit Fly Model: First Study to Measure Single-Fly RespirationBlog summary of a research paper published by Aging (Aging-US) in Volume 15, Issue 6: “RNA virus-mediated changes in organismal oxygen consumption rate in young and old Drosophila melanogaster males.”
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RNA viruses are responsible for approximately 70% of emerging infectious diseases in humans, according to a 2020 report by the National Academy of Medicine. Examples of RNA viruses include: influenza, hepatitis C, HIV, measles, zika, ebola, poliovirus, rhinovirus, rabies, and SARS-CoV-2—the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. After infection with an RNA virus, significant changes can take place in the host’s metabolism. While it is clear that disease tolerance declines as humans age, it...
2023-04-1105 min
A Grey MatterExploring new territory in RNA and neuroscienceQBI researcher Professor Tim Bredy believes his team are on the verge of something big. They are studying the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is present in all living things, including viruses. RNA is structurally like DNA but it is involved in multiple functions, including brain development, learning and memory. In this conversation, Tim explores: RNA’s functions in our body, including in our brain His team’s exciting discovery of a circular RNA The vast potential of emerging RNA therapies Embracing third-generation sequencing to accelerate discoveries How fundamental science is helping to advance RNA therapeutics
2023-03-3126 min
ElucidationsEpisode 146: Gaurav Venkataraman discusses memory in DNA and RNAIn this episode, Matt sits down with Gaurav Vankataraman (Trisk Bio) to talk about how human memory is physically realized.Where do your memories live? In the brain, right? They’re, like, imprinted there somehow? We often think of memories as analogous with recordings, like when you do an audio recording and the air vibrations get translated into an electrical signal which reorients the magnetic particles on some tape. But is that really how it works? Is the brain some tape waiting to get recorded to, or a hard drive waiting to get data written to it...
2023-03-3039 min
BTBA presents: 生技來一刻RNA 干擾療法 ft. 杜荷洲 Dr. Ho-Chou TuRNA 干擾 (RNAi) 機制於 2006 年獲得諾貝爾生理或醫學獎，成為當時當紅的新興潛力藥物平台，然而早期的 RNA 干擾藥物開發連連失利，連藥廠巨人們都紛紛退出這個領域。 2018 年，Alnylam Pharmaceuticals 終於通過第一支 RNA 干擾藥物，並在短短幾年內陸續推出多款成功藥物，RNA 干擾療法又重新成為眾人的關注焦點。本集生技來一刻邀請到在 Alnylam 任職的杜荷洲博士，為我們介紹 RNA 干擾機制以及相關藥物開發，我們也談了這將近二十年 Alnylam 打關的種種難關，如何匯聚業界研究、基礎研究、多方專業的努力來共同推動 RNA 干擾藥物的問世。
生技來一刻感謝國科會與駐波士頓辦事處科技組贊助我們製作節目。我們也歡迎聽眾小額捐款生技來一刻，您的支持能幫助我們製作更優質的節目。
BTBA Facebook 專頁：https://www.facebook.com/btbatw
👩💻 杜荷洲 Dr. Ho-Chou Tu：https://www.linkedin.com/in/ho-chou-tu/
🎤 主持人 | 陳乃群：https://www.linkedin.com/in/ncchen/
👩💻 後製 | 陳君瑋：https://www.linkedin.com/in/chun-wei-chen-b28813195/
🎧 立即收聽 Podcasts 🎧
Apple Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/y6gwcke4
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/y256lv6y
Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/y6sz5wno
SoundOn: https://tinyurl.com/y32zrmhf
BTBA Podcast 專頁：http://btbatw.org/podcast
讓我們也一起回顧一下過去相關訪問：
「藥物製程專題 (二)-核酸藥物 ft. 朱治齊博士」https://tmrbiotechmoments.podbean.com/e/jimmy-chu/
罕見疾病的個人化療法 ft. 游維文 (Dr. Timothy Yu) https://tmrbiotechmoments.podbean.com/e/timothyyu/
基因編輯療法與罕見疾病 ft. 閔譯立 (Dr. Yi-Li Min) https://tmrbiotechmoments.podbean.com/e/yi-li-min/
千里之行，始於足下—新藥研發的第一步：標的確認 ft. Shian-Huey Chiang https://tmrbiotechmoments.podbean.com/e/shian-huey-chiang/
時間軸
講者介紹 (00:30)
加入 Alnylam 的時機、跟著公司成長 (7:05)
RNA 干擾介紹 (10:15)
為什麼開發 RNA 干擾藥物花了將近 20 年？ (14:19)
基礎研究的重要性 (24:14)
為什麼許多 RNA 干擾藥物都是輸送到肝臟？ (25:43)
早期的藥物開發策略 (27:45)
RNA 干擾療法的好處 (35:43)
在公司的角色的變化 (40:58)
遺傳學研究發表
2023-03-151h 04
The American Enterprise Manifesto: My America's Vision of Peace and Nonviolence for HumanismWas Covid-19 Corona DNA virus, and RNA immunity genome sequenced by USA, and provided to Wuhan Lab?Yes, Genome editing technology repeated Corona virus DNA in 1984 then sequenced using CRISPR - Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-cas) as immune systems with well-known acquired immunity RNA systems that are active in research biology ... 1987 DNA sequencing of Corona virus predicted archaeal viruses shed light on the function of CRISPR on Covid. . In parallel, several genes previously proposed an encode RNA repair proteins specific for hyper hemophilic archaea (6) WERE IDENTIFIED AS BEING STRICLY associated with CRISPR genes (7), comparative gebinuc abacuses thus suggested CRISPR and cas RNA proteins actually work together and soncstitye ab acquired immunity system to protect pr...
2023-03-0136 min
PubReadingPubReading [294] - Violation of DNA neighbor exclusion principle in RNA recognition - M. Yousuf, K. Kim et al.DNA intercalation has been very useful for engineering DNA-based functional materials. It is generally expected that the intercalation phenomenon in RNA would be similar to that in DNA. Here we note that the neighbor-exclusion principle is violated in RNA by naphthalene-based cationic probes, in contrast to the fact that it is usually valid in DNA. All the intercalation structures are responsible for the fluorescence, where small naphthalene moieties are intercalated in between bases via p–p interactions. The structure is aided by hydrogen bonds between the cationic moieties and the ribose-phosphate backbone, which results in specific selectivity for RNA ov...
2023-02-2427 minPubReadingPubReading [229] - RNA-Puzzles toolkit- a computational resource of RNA 3D structure benchmark datasets, structure manipulation, and evaluation tools - M. Magnus, Z. Miao et al.Significant improvements have been made in the efficiency and accuracy of RNA 3D structure prediction methods during the succeeding challenges of RNA-Puzzles, a community-wide effort on the assessment of blind prediction of RNA tertiary structures. The RNA-Puzzles contest has shown, among others, that the development and validation of computational methods for RNA fold prediction strongly depend on the benchmark datasets and the structure comparison algorithms. Yet, there has been no systematic benchmark set or decoy structures available for the 3D structure prediction of RNA, hindering the standardization of comparative tests in the modelling of RNA structure. Furthermore, there has...
2022-11-2546 minPubReadingPubReading [220] - Interbase FRET in RNA: from A to Z - A. Fuechtbauer, M. Wilhelmsson et al.Interbase FRET can reveal highly detailed information about distance, orientation and dynamics in nucleic acids, complementing the existing structure and dynamics techniques. We here report the first RNA base analogue FRET pair, consisting of the donor tCO and the non-emissive acceptor tCnitro. The acceptor ribonucleoside is here synthesised and incorporated into RNA for the first time. This FRET pair accurately reports the average structure of A-form RNA, and its utility for probing RNA structural changes is demonstrated by monitoring the transition from A- to Z-form RNA. Finally, the measured FRET data were compared with theoretical FRET patterns obtained from...
2022-11-1425 min
Aging-USPress Release: RNA Modifications in Aging-Associated Cardiovascular DiseasesA new review paper was published in Aging (listed as "Aging (Albany NY)" by MEDLINE/PubMed and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 14, Issue 19, entitled, “RNA modifications in aging-associated cardiovascular diseases.”
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide that bears an enormous healthcare burden. Aging is a major contributing factor to CVDs. Functional gene expression network during aging is regulated by mRNAs transcriptionally and by non-coding RNAs epi-transcriptionally. RNA modifications alter the stability and function of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs and are involved in differentiation, development and diseases.
In this new review paper, researchers Xiny...
2022-10-2603 minPubReadingPubReading [197] - Nanopore microscope identifies RNA isoforms with structural colours - F. Bošković and U. Keyser Identifying RNA transcript isoforms requires intricate protocols that suffer from various enzymatic biases. Here we design three-dimensional molecular constructs that enable identification of transcript isoforms at the single-molecule level using solid-state nanopore microscopy. We refold target RNA into RNA identifiers with designed sets of complementary DNA strands. Each reshaped molecule carries a unique sequence of structural (pseudo)colours. Structural colours consist of DNA structures, protein labels, native RNA structures or a combination of all three. The sequence of structural colours of RNA identifiers enables simultaneous identification and relative quantification of multiple RNA targets without prior amplification. Our Amplification-free RNA...
2022-10-1226 min
Radio Naukowe#114 RNA – wielofunkcyjne, niezbędne i przełomowe dla medycyny | dr Paweł Szyld- W biologii RNA to gwiazda. Szczególnie w ostatnich latach – mówi dr Paweł Szyld, lekarz, specjalista genetyki klinicznej. RNA jest bardzo podobne do DNA. Obie grupy cząsteczek są idealne do kodowania informacji. Słynny proces translacji polega na kopiowaniu informacji z DNA do RNA. I właśnie RNA odpowiada za produkcję odpowiednich białek. DNA w tym czasie siedzi schowane bezpiecznie w jądrze.Katalog rodzajów RNA i pełnionych przez nie funkcji jest przebogaty. Na przykład są RNA niekodujące (nie zajmujące się produkcją białek), ale np. zajmujące się fizycznym zbliżaniem do...
2022-09-2950 minPubReadingPubReading [150] - 1‐Deazaguanosine-Modified RNA: The Missing Piece for Functional RNA Atomic Mutagenesis - R. Bereiter, R. Micura et alAtomic mutagenesis is the key to advance our understanding of RNA recognition and RNA catalysis. To this end, deazanucleosides are utilized to evaluate the participation of specific atoms in these processes. One of the remaining challenges is access to RNA-containing 1-deazaguanosine (c1G). Here, we present the synthesis of this nucleoside and its phosphoramidite, allowing first time access to c1G-modified RNA. Thermodynamic analyses revealed the base pairing parameters for c1G-modified RNA. Furthermore, by NMR spectroscopy, a c1G-triggered switch of Watson-Crick into Hoogsteen pairing in HIV-2 TAR RNA was identified. Additionally, using X-ray structure analysis, a guanine−ph...
2022-06-2132 min
Science SocietyExploring RNA Quality Control in Alzheimer's and Tauopathies: A Discussion with MD Ph.D ZunigaIn this episode, we are joined by MD/Ph.D. Zuniga is at the forefront of research into the intricate mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Alzheimer's patients often exhibit evidence of altered RNA processing. However, the causal link between these changes and neurodegeneration and the mechanics of how such alterations occur remain somewhat elusive.Dr. Zuniga provides insight into these issues through her ground-breaking work using Drosophila melanogaster models of tauopathy. Her team discovered that the activity of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a key RNA quality control mechanism, is reduced in these models. Importantly, the...
2022-06-061h 42PubReadingPubReading [136] - A prebiotically plausible scenario of an RNA–peptide world - F. Müller, C. Chan, T. CarellThe RNA world concept1 is one of the most fundamental pillars of the origin of life theory. It predicts that life evolved from increasingly complex self-replicating RNA molecules. The question of how this RNA world then advanced to the next stage, in which proteins became the catalysts of life and RNA reduced its function predominantly to information storage, is one of the most mysterious chicken-and-egg conundrums in evolution. Here we show that non-canonical RNA bases, which are found today in transfer and ribosomal RNAs, and which are considered to be relics of the RNA world, are able to establish...
2022-06-0124 minPubReadingPubReading [106] - The Ultimate (Mis)match: When DNA Meets RNA - B. Palancade and R. RothsteinRNA-containing structures, including ribonucleotide insertions, DNA:RNA hybrids and R-loops, have recently emerged as critical players in the maintenance of genome integrity. Strikingly, different enzymatic activities classically involved in genome maintenance contribute to their generation, their processing into genotoxic or repair intermediates, or their removal. Here we review how this substrate promiscuity can account for the detrimental and beneficial impacts of RNA insertions during genome metabolism. We summarize how in vivo and in vitro experiments support the contribution of DNA polymerases and homologous recombination proteins in the formation of RNA-containing structures, and we discuss the role of DNA repair...
2022-04-191h 01
Kā likums!Lai nezināšanas dēļ nekļūtu par sava bērna nolaupītājuIzbraukšana kopā ar bērnu no mītnes valsts var pārvērsties par murgu situācijās, kad vecāki ir šķīrušies, turpina īstenot kopīgu bērna aizgādību, taču otrs vecāks par šādu rīcību nav laikus informēts. Vislabāko nodomu vadīts, bet, ar otru vecāku nesaskaņots, izbrauciens uz citu valsti, pat ciemošanās pie vecvecākiem, dažkārt var tikt uzskatīta par bērna prettiesisku pārvietošanu vai civiltiesisko nolaupīšanu. Padomus, kā rīkoties, lai izvairītos no šādām situācijām, plānotais ceļojums ar bērnu notikt...
2021-12-1444 min
サイエンマニアRNAとゴキブリ研究の未来【ゴキブリと神経科学③】#37最先端の研究やゴキブリだけではない神経科学全般、今後の研究などについて語っていただきました。
【ゲスト】
アザラシさん (https://twitter.com/olfneuron)
ゴキブリについて神経科学の研究中。
▶RNAi: RNA interference、広範囲な細胞タイプにおけるタンパク質機能を解析するために遺伝子発現をノックダウンする手法
RNA干渉(RNAi)に関する基礎知識のページ
▶若虫と幼虫
▶チャネルロドプシン: 単細胞緑藻の感覚光受容体として働き、光に向かって構造する運動を制御する。シーズン5の海洋微生物の世界も参照。
▶dsRNA: double stranded RNA、二本鎖RNA
▶Dicer: 二本鎖RNA前駆体を21塩基対からなる短い二本鎖RNAへと切断する酵素。
▶RISC: RNA誘導サイレンシング複合体。タンパク質とsiRNAから構成される複合体で、これに取り込まれたsiRNAは相補的なmRNAを標的として切断を起こす。
▶サーカディアンリズム：概日リズム、体内時計ともいう。約25時間周期で変動する生理現象で、動物、植物、菌類、藻類などほとんどの生物に存在している。
▶Twitterスペース: Twitter上で複数人で会話できる機能。レンもよく使用しており、本番組のゲストと出会う場でもある。
質問、感想、ゲスト出演の問い合わせなどは以下Twitter・お便りフォームまでお願いします。
Twitter ＃サイエンマニア
https://twitter.com/REN_SciEnTALK
おたよりフォーム
https://forms.gle/H4vg7MuN77VqbHV79
研究者レンのもう１つの番組 SciEnTALK/サイエントークはこちら→ https://lit.link/scientalk
1シーズン1人のゲスト形式で、各エピソードは一区切りのチャプターとしてご利用いただけます。
流し聞きする場合は、エピソードを古い順に並べ替えていただくとシームレスに聞くことができます。
BGM
Future Sky/ SAKURA BEATZ.JP
Somehow/Khaim
https://www.khaimmusic.com/
2021-11-2025 min
Fraunhofer-Podcast: Forschung erleben – Zukunft hörenHoffnungsträger RNAWir möchten eine neue Generation von RNA-Medikamenten schaffen, die wir für Patienten mit Herz- oder Lungenerkrankungen, aber auch darüber hinaus einsetzen können – das Prinzip ist universell anwendbar. | Prof. Dr. Thomas Thum, Leiter Fraunhofer ITEM
Die Begriffe DNA und RNA kennen viele Menschen schon aus dem Biologieunterricht. Dass RNAs auch als Wirk- und Impfstoffe eingesetzt werden können, war vor der Corona-Pandemie jedoch den wenigsten bekannt. Aber was genau steckt dahinter? Weiß auch jeder, welche Eigenschaften Ribonukleinsäure hat und warum gerade RNA-Moleküle die Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs gegen COVID-19 in ungewöhnlich kurzer Zeit ermöglicht haben? In de...
2021-10-2219 min
TranslationScreening for Enhanced RNA Vaccines with Kathrin Leppek, Gun Woo Byeon, and Hannah Wayment-SteeleEpisode Summary: When COVID-19 hit and society decided to use mRNA vaccines for the first time, many questions remained about whether RNA itself was ready for the challenge. But three scientists at Stanford University who had barely worked with each other before the pandemic realized that RNA’s limitations were merely a design challenge and not an issue with the substrate itself. Through emails and zooms, Kathrin, Gun, and Hannah built a tool to massively test RNA designs. With it, they screened for RNA with better functionality, increasing the stability and expression of the protein they encode and...
2021-10-1449 minPubReadingPubReading [34] - Replication protein A binds RNA and promotes R-Loop formation - O. Mazina, A. V. Mazin et al.Replication protein A (RPA), a major eukaryotic ssDNA- binding protein, is essential for all metabolic processes that involve ssDNA, including DNA replication, repair, and damage signaling. To perform its functions, RPA binds ssDNA tightly. In contrast, it was presumed that RPA binds RNA weakly. However, recent data suggest that RPA may play a role in RNA metabolism. RPA stimulates RNA-templated DNA repair in vitro and associates in vivo with R-loops, the three-stranded structures consisting of an RNA-DNA hybrid and the displaced ssDNA strand. R-loops are common in the genomes of pro- and eukaryotes, including humans, and may play an...
2021-10-1233 min
Brain We Are CZ114: Co je to RNA Svět? Jak se staví Člověk a Jak je to s Očkováním RNA vakcínou? - Ing. Hana Macíčková Cahová Ph.D.Podcast vychází v rámci edice nadačního fondu NEURON. - https://www.nfneuron.cz/ceny-neuron
Jaká tajemství nám stále ukrývá chemie života? Lidské tělo tvoří miliardy buněk, mezi kterými je neustále rušno. Živý organismus v každém momentu připomíná precizně pracující švýcrské hodinky, kde každá součástka - buňka, má uvnitř sebe další pestrobarevný fungující systém. Celé to řídí genetická informace, která má více podob. Ta známější je DNA. Avšak ve dnešním podcastu si budeme povídat o jejím kolegovi, fascin...
2021-06-291h 31
My AP Biology ThoughtsTranscription & RNA ProcessingMy AP Biology Thoughts Unit 5 HeredityWelcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Chloe McGregor and I am your host for episode #107 called Unit 6 Gene Expression and Regulation: transcription and RNA processing. Today we will be discussing the process of transcription, and how MRNA is processed on its way to the ribosomes. Segment 1: Introduction to Transcription and RNA Processing The central dogma is the process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is converted into functional products such as proteins. This process consists of 3 steps: transcription, translation, and prot...
2021-06-0204 minMy AP Biology ThoughtsDNA & RNA StructureMy AP Biology Thoughts Unit 6 Gene Expression and RegulationWelcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Jacqueline Sun and I am your host for episode #105 called Unit 6 Gene Expression and Regulation: DNA and RNA Structure. Today we will be discussing the central structural components of DNA and RNA as well as the similarities and differences between the two.Segment 1: Introduction to DNA and RNA Structure Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, and ribonucleic acid, RNA, are two of the most important biological molecules for survivalDNA responsible for carrying genetic information is commonly con...
2021-06-0206 min
OncotargetTrending with Impact: Role of RNA Modification Regulatory Proteins in MelanomaOncotarget published this trending research paper on June 4, 2019, entitled, “Dissecting the role of RNA modification regulatory proteins in melanoma,” by researchers from the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
“Since RNA is a key molecule that drives every cellular process, their deregulation is present in nearly all human disease and play a causative role.”
The researchers explain that alterations among RNAs may arise due to altered activity or expression of the enzymes/proteins which are involved in the modification process. In this study, the team used mul...
2021-05-2105 min
Medizinmensch — Merk-würdiges Medizinwissen !RNA und DNA(Video auf https://www.youtube.com/Medizinmensch )
Die RNA Impfung ist eine neue Methode um eine schützende Immunantwort
gegen Krankheiten zu erzielen; DNA wird dabei nicht verändert.
Stattdessen wird bei der RNA Impfung an Stelle eines Eiweisses, direkt
sog. messenger RNA (abgekürzt mRNA) eingesetzt. Die Reaktion auf das
durch diese mRNA gebildete Eiweiss (Protein) — im Falle des Coronavirus
für das Spike-Proteins — erzeugt den Schutz vor der Erkrankung wie
Covid-19. Obwohl die Technologie der mRNA Impfung nicht komplett neu
ist, so kommt sie beim Coronavirus-Impfstoff zum ersten Mal in großem
Maßstab zum Einsatz. Der Unterschie...
2020-12-2011 min
Researchat.fm76. The Chimeric RNAdessanをゲストに迎え、CRISPR–Cas9やTALENなどのゲノム編集技術とその背後にある遺伝学について話しました。Show notes
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020…The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing.”
Scientifc Background on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 A TOOL FOR GENOME EDITING…ノーベル財団による詳細なCRISPR研究のレビュー、そしてなぜDoudnaとCharpentierの二人が受賞に値するのかについて説明している。
Emmanuelle Charpentier…DoudnaとCharpentierは2011年に学会で知り合い、そこからノーベル賞につながる共同研究を開始した。
Jennifer Doudna…CharpentierとともにCRISPRの仕組みを明らかにし、その後のゲノム編集そしてCasタンパクを用いた核酸検出など多大な貢献をした。
2. An emerging technology is always not perfect…始まって間もない第二回でもざっくりとCRISPR–Cas9について解説しました。
dessanが出た過去回のResearchat.fmのエピソード…ep37, ep38, ep51, ep58
37. Biological Enigma … 今回のep67はep37の続編という位置付けなので、分子細胞生物学に興味がある方はep37を聴いてからep76を聴いていただけるとより理解が深まります。
ゲノム編集とはなにか 「ＤＮＡのハサミ」クリスパーで生命科学はどう変わるのか (ブルーバックス) (Amazon)
遺伝学 (Wikipedia)
遺伝学的スクリーニング…逆遺伝学と順遺伝学について。
トランスジェニック動物
表現型 (Wikipedia)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (Wikipedia)
遺伝子の必須性は細胞の進化可能性にリンクした定量的特性である…必須遺伝子などについて
Cell type (Wikipedia)…日本語ではセルタイプあるいは細胞種
部位特異的ヌクレアーゼを基盤とするゲノム編集技術…ZFNやFok1などについての山本先生らによる日本語解説論文。
72. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Enzyme Galaxy…エピソード72では制限酵素の多様な世界について紹介しています。
TALEN (Wikipedia)
Golden Gate Assembly法…Type IISと呼ばれる制限酵素を用いることで、複数のDNA断片を一度に連結させることのできるクローニング技術。
ガイドRNA…guide RNAあるいはsingle-guide RNAとも呼ばれるcrRNAとtracrRNAを一つのRNAとして連結させたRNA分子。
crRNA…CRISPR RNA
tracrRNA…trans-activating crRNA
A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity. Jinek et al Science 2012.…ノーベル賞の受賞に直接的に関連するDoudnaとCharpentierらによる論文。この仕事によってCas9によるゲノム編集の仕組みの大枠が解明された。
Ribozyme (Wikipedia)
Argonaute (Ago)
Editorial notes
実はdessanと初めて話しました。そしてまだ対面では会ったことはないのちょっと面白くないですか？(soh)
ノーベルのおかげで、急遽参加させていた
2020-10-121h 13
Epigenetics PodcastInfluence of Dynamic RNA Methylation on Gene Expression (Chuan He)In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Dr. Chuan He, John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor at University of Chicago, to talk about his work on the influence of dynamic RNA methylation on gene expression. RNA methylation is an important biological process, and cellular RNA methylation levels can have profound impacts on normal cellular differentiation and cancer cell proliferation.
Dr. He received his Ph.D. from MIT in 2000 and went on to do his postdoctoral work at Harvard University. He then became Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago in 2002, was promoted to...
2020-08-2041 minResearchat.fm59. Sequencing RNA proximityRNA分子の空間的な近接性を計測するRIC-seqという手法について、原著論文を紹介しました。Shownotes
RIC-seq for global in situ profiling of RNA–RNA spatial interactions. Nature 2020…今回紹介したRIC-seqの原著論文へのリンク。
核酸の二次構造 (Wikipedia)
RNA結合タンパク質 MBLライフサイエンス
ノンコーディングRNA動態解明の最前線 (pdf)
Micrococcal Nuclease, NMase (NEB)
Ep16, Researchat.fm…エピソード16では分子の近接性から空間構造を再構成するさまざまな方法について解説しています。
Comprehensive Mapping of Long-Range Interactions Reveals Folding Principles of the Human Genome. Science 2009…Hi-C法のオリジナル論文。
平成29年度 NGSハンズオン講習会 Hi-C解析…Hi-Cのデータ解析についてはこの資料がよくまとまっている。
RNA Duplex Map in Living Cells Reveals Higher-Order Transcriptome Structure. Cell 2016…RIC-seq論文のなかで類似手法として比較されたPARISという方法の原著論文。
クライオ電子顕微鏡について
AUC/ROC曲線 (三重大 奥村先生)
疾患におけるA-to-I RNA編集酵素ADAR1の役割 (生化学 2016年)…RNA編集についての詳しくてわかり易い日本語解説論文。
RNA Conformation Capture by Proximity Ligation. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 2020.
Editorial notes
技術もさることながらその論文のストーリーがとてもよかった (soh)
PUBG-seqとか出てこないかな (coela)
Hi-Cはproximityをベースにはしているはずなのですが、実際の距離はわからないので、オリジナル論文に従ってcontact probabilityというべきだったなと思っております。ただcontactとは？？？ (tadasu)
2020-05-2551 min
Level Up HumanLevel Up Human Extra - RNASimon and Rachel recap Episode 10 of Series 2, where we chatted with immunologist Professor Sheena Cruickshank and microbiologist Dr. Chloe James. Plus Simon has good news for Eurovision fans.We dive deeper into what RNA is, how to train bacteriophages, and how we know humans are still evolving.An edited transcript is available here.Mentioned this episode2001: A Space Odyssey: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)Patrick Moore’s Gamesmaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v...
2020-04-2000 minEpigenetics PodcastChromatin Structure and Dynamics at Ribosomal RNA Genes (Tom Moss)In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Professor Tom Moss from Université Laval in Québec City, Canada to talk about his work on the chromatin structure and dynamics at ribosomal RNA genes.
Dr. Tom Moss has been a member of the Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology at the Laval University School of Medicine since he was recruited from the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom in 1986.
Since then he focused on the ribosomal transcription factor Upstream Binding Factor (UBF) and how it regulates the chromatin structure at...
2020-03-2433 min
Ģimene ir dāvanaKā audzināt bērna sirdiBibliskā bērnu audzināšanas pieeja ir uz bērna sirdi vērsta bērnu audzināšana. Šīs pieejas mērķis ir pielietot tādas audzināšanas metodes, kas aizsniedz bērna sirdi un nes pozitīvas izmaiņas bērna tālākajā uzvedībā. Uzsvars tiek likts nevis uz bērna pašreizējās uzvedības koriģēšanu, piemērojot kādas sekas vai piedāvājot kādus "labumus", bet gan uz bērna iekšējās motivācijas veidošanu, vēršoties pie bērna sirdsapziņas attīstīšanas. Šajā epizodē varēsi iepazīties ar praktisku plānu, ko esam izstrādājuši...
2019-03-1710 min
Stereo ChemistryOn the face of it, RNA is a terrible drug targetRNA should be a terrible drug target. It's long, noodle-like structure lacks the nooks and crannies that small molecule drugs use to grab onto proteins and thereby control them. But a decades-old disregard for RNA is starting to change. In August 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first-ever RNA interference (RNAi) drug, which uses a double-stranded RNA molecule to prevent the production of disease-related proteins. In the past two years, several startups have launched to show that some RNAs can, just like proteins, be drugged with small molecules. And a third group of companies recently emerged with...
2019-01-0332 min
Journey Into An Unknown World - Margaret Rogers Van Coops PhDWhat Does RNA Have to Do With Anything? Professor Margaret (aka Dr. Margaret) takes us on an internal Journey that reveals the relationship between RNA and DNA. In plain, everyday language, she explains how our RNA makeup affects our responses to environment, social activities and spiritual development. There are many insights along the way for dealing with the many complexities in our lives. You might want to take notes on this Journey.Professor Margaret (aka Dr. Margaret) takes us on an internal Journey that reveals the relationship between RNA and DNA. In plain, everyday language, she explains how our RNA makeup affects our responses to environment, social activities and spiritual development. There are many insights along the way for dealing with the many complexities in our lives. […]
The post What Does RNA Have to Do With Anything? Professor Margaret (aka Dr. Margaret) takes us on an internal Journey that reveals the relationship between RNA and DNA. In plain, everyday language, she explains how our RNA makeup affects our responses...
2018-12-2400 min
Fabellae LatinaeIX. Ōrnāmenta dominaeAemilia in cubiculō suō est cum Dēliā ancillā. Dēlia dominam suam ōrnat: margarītās circum collum Aemiliae pōnit. Aemilia ōrnāmentīs dēlectātur neque sine ōrnāmentīs ē cubiculō exit. Multās margārītas et gemmās pulchrās habet, neque ūnum tantum ānulum, sed decem ānulōs gemmātōs. Aemilia multa ōrnāmenta ā virō suō pecūniōsō accipit – et multās rosās ā fīliā suā.Domina ancillae suae sacculum ostendit: “In hōc sacculō nōn nummī, sed ānulī sunt. Ecce ānulī gemmātī qui...
2018-12-0900 min
Words About BiologyEpisode 4 – RNA VelocityAnd I’m back! Here’s episode 4 for you:
https://ia601508.us.archive.org/30/items/WordsAboutBiologyEpisode4/WordsAboutBiologyEpisode4.mp3
This week I’m talking about RNA Velocity, a cool new technique allowing for the calculation of not only RNA expression, but also whether that expression is increasing or decreasing at that point in time. Here’s a link to the Nature article (1), and the preprint PDF (2):
1) RNA Velocity in Single Cells
2)Preprint PDF
As promised, here’s an image depicting the translation of DNA into precursor (or unedited) RNA, then regular (edited) RNA. These are...
2018-08-1000 min
Clinical Chemistry PodcastCharacterization of Human Salivary Extracellular RNA by Next-generation SequencingIt was once thought that RNA only existed within cells. However, recent discoveries show that RNA is exported from cells and may be functional in cell to cell communication. This extracellular RNA can be abundant and stable and is found in bodily fluids such as saliva. Saliva has long been of interest for biomarker discovery and development, given its noninvasiveness and relative ease of collection. Despite these advantages, use of saliva for understanding more about extracellular RNA and its role in human biology and disease through RNA sequencing has some challenges. The high bacterial content and low abun...
2018-07-2813 min
Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Statistik - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/02Context-based RNA-seq mappingIn recent years, the sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become a powerful tool for analyzing the transcriptomic state of a cell. Modern NGS platforms allow for performing RNA-seq experiments in a few days, resulting in millions of short sequencing reads. A crucial step in analyzing RNA-seq data generally is determining the transcriptomic origin of the sequencing reads (= read mapping). In principal, read mapping is a sequence alignment problem, in which the short sequencing reads (30 - 500 nucleotides) are aligned to much larger reference sequences such as the human genome (3 billion nucleotides).
In this thesis, we...
2016-04-2200 minMedizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 18/19Einfluss genetischer Variationen RNA-bindender Proteine auf die Alzheimer Demenz und relevante kognitive EndophänotypenDie Alzheimer Demenz (AD) ist eine degenerative zerebrale Erkrankung, die klinisch durch den Verlust vielfältiger kognitiver Fähigkeiten gekennzeichnet ist. Ein geringer Prozentsatz (65 Jahre) erfolgte im Sinne einer homogeneren Subgruppierung und sollte eine aussagekräftigere Assoziation der genetischen Vulnerabilitätsmarker ermöglichen. In die Kontrollgruppe wurden ausschließlich gesunde Probanden ohne demenzielle Erkrankungen in der Familie eingeschlossen. Neben einer grundsätzlichen Assoziation mit der AD wurde in einem zweiten Schritt der Zusammenhang zwischen den 19 Polymorphismen und der individuellen Gedächtnisleistung als intermediärer Phänotyp untersucht. Die Gedächtnisleistung wurde mittels standardisierter Tests erhoben.
Die 19 SNPs (rs4412638, rs12024093, rs12043872, rs3009113...
2016-02-0100 minTierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 07/07Analysis of genome activation in early bovine embryos by bioinformatic evaluation of RNA-Seq dataDuring maternal-to-embryonic transition, control of embryonic development gradually switches from maternal RNAs and proteins stored in the oocyte to gene products generated after embryonic genome activation. Detailed insight into the onset of embryonic transcription is obscured by the presence of maternal transcripts and to date there is no systematic study addressing the activation of specific genes during several stages of early bovine embryo development.
Using the bovine model system, comparative analyses of RNA-seq data set were performed. The sequencing libraries had been constructed starting with germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes and embryos at the four-cell, eight-cell, 16-cell...
2015-01-3100 min
Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 22/22Three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy of the inactive X chromosome territory reveals a collapse of its active nuclear compartment harboring distinct Xist RNA fociBackground: A Xist RNA decorated Barr body is the structural hallmark of the compacted inactive X territory in female mammals. Using super resolution three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) and quantitative image analysis, we compared its ultrastructure with active chromosome territories (CTs) in human and mouse somatic cells, and explored the spatio-temporal process of Barr body formation at onset of inactivation in early differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Results: We demonstrate that all CTs are composed of structurally linked chromatin domain clusters (CDCs). In active CTs the periphery of CDCs harbors low-density chromatin enriched with transcriptionally competent markers, called the...
2014-01-0100 minFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/06Role of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain in transcription termination and function of Spt5 in 3' RNA-processing factor recruitmentProtein-coding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). This process is tightly regulated and coupled to RNA processing. Many transcription and RNA processing factors are recruited to Pol II via its conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) containing 27 heptapeptide repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These repeats can be differentially phosphorylated during the transcription cycle serving as a code for interacting factors. During transcription initiation, Ser5 is phosphorylated at the 5’-end of genes and this phosphorylation is required for RNA capping enzyme binding. During transcription elongation, the Pol II CT...
2013-12-1900 min
CHI PodcastsClinical Genomics Podcast | The Importance of RNA-SequencingKip Harry interviews Dr. David Smith from the Mayo Clinic, and Dr. Melanie Lehman from Queensland University of Technology for the upcoming RNA-Seq and Transcriptome Analysis meeting, 5-6 December in Lisbon, Portugal.
Discussion points during the interview include:
• The advantages of using RNA-Seq for expression analysis over microarrays
• The impact of RNA-Seq on research and recent advances in the applications of this technology
• Ways in which RNA-Seq is being utilized clinically
• Current challenges/limitations with RNA-Seq
2013-10-1113 minFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 04/06Molecular basis of RNA polymerase III transcription repression by Maf1 & Structure of human mitochondrial RNA polymeraseTopic I
Molecular basis of RNA polymerase III transcription repression by Maf1
RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) is a conserved 17-subunit enzyme that transcribes genes encoding short
untranslated RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These genes are essential
and involved in fundamental processes like protein biogenesis; hence RNAP III activity needs to be tightly
regulated. RNAP III is repressed upon stress and this is regulated by Maf1, a protein conserved from yeast to
humans. Many stress pathways were shown to converge on Maf1 and result in its phosphorylation, followed by
its nuclear import and eventual...
2011-07-2600 minFakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 04/06Structural and population genetic determinants of RNA secondary structure evolutionSince their discovery, RNA molecules have been shown to carry functions that extend far beyond their initially ascribed role as intermediates in protein biosynthesis. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in fundamental cellular processes including the regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. In most cases the biogenesis or function of the RNA molecule is only possible if the molecule folds into a characteristic two- and three-dimensional shape via formation of intra-molecular base pairs. The disruption of these paired regions through mutations in the primary sequence can result in conformational changes of the molecule that impair its ability...
2011-04-2600 minFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06Part I: Structural framework for the mechanism of archaeal exosomes in RNA processing; Part II: Structural insights into DNA duplex separation by the archaeal superfamily 2 helicase Hel308Part I
The exosome is a conserved 3´- 5´ exoribonuclease complex involved in cellular
RNA metabolic processes in eukaryotes and archaea. Its involvement in the
accurate processing of nuclear RNA precursors and in the degradation of RNA in
both nucleus and cytoplasm implies a central function in the eukaryotic RNA
surveillance machinery. This widespread function implies the ability of the
exosome to distinguish between RNA substrates that should be matured by the
removal of nucleotides to a precisely defined end point, and defective RNAs that
undergo rapid and complete degradation. However, the structural and molecular
mechanisms of processive 3´- 5´ RNA degradation and...
2007-07-0300 minMedizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 06/19Phänotypische Resistenzbestimmung gegenüber HIV-1-Proteaseinhibitoren - Vergleich von DNA vs. RNA als PatientenmaterialDas Auftreten von Resistenzen ist eines der Hauptprobleme der heute angewandten antiretroviralen Therapie. Resistenzen können diagnostisch mit dem sog. genotypischen oder dem phänotypischen Verfahren festgestellt werden. Die genotypische Diagnostik beruht auf der Nukleotid-Sequenzierung der viralen Target-Gene Reverse Transkriptase (RT) oder Protease (PR), die relativ einfach zu bewerkstelligen ist. Ein phänotypischer Resistenztest und damit direkter Aktivitätstest der Enzyme RT und PR ist sehr viel präziser. Dies ist z.B. beim Vorliegen komplexer Resistenzmuster oder einem Mangel an genotypischer Information von resistenzrelevanten Mutationen bei einem neu verwendeten antiviralen Medikament von großer Bedeutung. Die zu testenden Enzyme werden...
2006-11-2300 minTierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/07Versuche zur Etablierung eines Verfahrens zur Isolierung von RNA aus EberspermienThe aim of this work was to establish an optimal method for RNA isolation from the
boar spermatozoa. This method should meet the following requirements: maximum
amount of extracted RNA with high level of purity and avoidance of contamination by
genomic DNA. These parameters were examined and judged by gel electrophoresis
and quantitative real time PCR with cDNA- and DNA-specific primers.
The TriZol and RNA-pure protocols both fulfil the requirements regarding quality and amount of isolated RNA. In contrast, the RNeasy method isolated RNA with genomic DNA contamination. The other four protocols allow isolation of “clean” RNA as well, but the...
2006-07-2800 minFakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06Characterization of MLE RNA helicase, a subunit of the Dosage Compensation Complex (DCC) in Drosophila melanogaster2. Summary
In Drosophila melanogaster the transcriptional activity of the male X chromosome is upregulated to compensate for the reduced dosage of X-linked genes as compared to the two X chromosomes in females. This process is mediated by the Dosage Compensation Complex (DCC), a ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of five proteins (MSL1, MSL2, MSL3, MOF and MLE) and two non-coding RNAs (roX1 and roX2). The DCC preferentially localizes on the X chromosomes in males where it doubles its transcription rate. Two enzymes are associated with the DCC: the acetyltransferase MOF, specific for the lysine 16 of H4 (H4-K16), and the DNA/RNA...
2006-04-2500 min