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Sara Crager

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THE SJ CHILDS SHOW-Building a Community of InclusionTHE SJ CHILDS SHOW-Building a Community of InclusionEpisode 321-AI for Autistics: Empowering Individuals Through Technology with Derek CragerSend us a textWhat happens when artificial intelligence meets neurodivergent thinking? Magic, innovation, and life-changing tools for those who've always felt different.Meet Derek Crager, a late-diagnosed autistic entrepreneur who spent decades feeling like "an alien here on Earth to observe" before discovering his neurotype at age 50. Now he's channeling his unique perspective into creating AI solutions specifically designed for the neurodivergent community.Derek's journey from industrial construction worker to the creator of Amazon's highest-rated employee training program reveals how differently-wired brains can excel when given the right opportunities. Through his nonprofit "...2025-07-2936 minICUeduICUeduValvulopathy Part II: StenosisAcute medical management of valvulopathy.  Part II talks about the pathophysiology and management of stenotic valves: AS and MS.Check out Rapid Sequence, ICUedu's new education project at rapidsequence.org Great Core Ultrasound post on POCUS assessment of valvulopathy: https://coreultrasound.com/valves-2/Additional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2025-04-1843 minICUeduICUeduValvulopathy Part I: RegurgitationAcute medical management of valvulopathy.  Part I talks about the pathophysiology and management of regurgitant valves: AI, MR, and TR.  Great Core Ultrasound post on POCUS assessment of valvulopathy: https://coreultrasound.com/valves-2/Additional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2025-01-2042 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastVasoplegia VexationEver felt like nothing you do raises your patient’s blood pressure? That’s vasoplegia, and Dr. Sara Crager has the tools to help you tackle it! Get 20% off the ResusX ReUnion conference—featuring this episode and over 60 innovative talks available on replay forever: Click HereIn this episode, Dr. Crager breaks down the frustrations of managing vasoplegia and offers her six-step approach to success. Learn how to diversify vasopressor mechanisms, correct bradycardia, and strategically deploy rescue drugs like methylene blue and Cyanokit. With clear explanations of shock physiology and actionable strategies, this episode is packed with insight...2024-12-2012 minICUeduICUeduFluids in SepsisUpdated talk on fluids in sepsis!Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/fluids-in-sepsis2024-11-0141 minICUeduICUeduResuscitation & the Science of ExpertiseHow can the science of expertise inform our ability to attain excellence in resuscitation?Additional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgReferences for the papers mentioned in the episode: Kovacs & Croskery. Clinical Decision Making: An Emergency Medicine Perspective. Academic Emergency Medicine, 1999; 6(9): 947-952The Neuroscience of Expertise. Bilalic (2017), Cambridge University PressJeon et al. What does “being an expert” mean to the brain?  Functional specificity and connectivity in expertise.  Cerebral Cortex, 2017; 27(12): 5603-5615Gobet & Simon. Recall of random and distorted chess positions: Implications for the theory of expertise. Memory...2024-10-2133 minThe Skeptics Guide to Emergency MedicineThe Skeptics Guide to Emergency MedicineSGEM Xtra: The Final Countdown – To IncrEMentuM 2025Date: August 13, 2024 Guest Skeptics: We have two guest skeptics for this SGEM Xtra episode. Dr. Palma Dr. Francisco Campillo Palma is an Emergency Medicine doctor. He works in prehospital (EMS and HEMS), and at Morales Meseguer Hospital in public medical service in Murcia, Spain. Franciso has postgraduate Master's degrees in emergencies and urgent care, clinical ultrasound, and emergency and disaster management, from the University of Elche, the University of Madrid, and the University of Oviedo. He is also a university expert in Helicopter Emergency Medicine, a teaching member at Emergency Global System (EGS) and Director of the Organizing Committee of...2024-08-1729 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastThe Sick DKA PatientIn this episode, Dr. Sara Crager dives deep into the management of critically ill DKA patients. Speaking at the ResusX: ReWired conference, she explains that DKA isn't just about high blood sugar but involves a complex balance of insulin supply and demand. Dr. Crager offers practical strategies for fluid resuscitation, aggressive electrolyte replacement, and avoiding common pitfalls such as premature intubation. With real-world examples and clear explanations, she provides valuable insights into handling these challenging cases, making this episode a must-listen for anyone in emergency and critical care medicine.2024-07-3030 minICUeduICUeduElectrical StormManagement approach for electrical storm!For a deep dive into EKGs in wide complex tachycardias, take a look at this awesome lecture by Amal Mattu.References to articles mentioned in the podcast:Cheskes et al. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022 Nov 24;387(21):1947-1956Ortiz et al. Randomized comparison of intravenous procainamide vs. intravenous amiodarone for the acute treatment of tolerated wide QRS tachycardia: the PROCAMIO study. Eur Heart J 2017;38(17):1329-1335Song et al. Association of Dexmedetomidine With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Critical Illness...2024-06-2146 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastVent Alarms: Useful Not AnnoyingIn this podcast episode, Dr. Sara Crager explains how to effectively understand and respond to ventilator alarms, emphasizing that these alarms are tools to provide critical information about a patient’s pulmonary physiology. She breaks down the key concepts of resistance and compliance in the lungs and identifies two main alarms that matter most: Low Tidal Volume and High Peak Pressure. By understanding how to interpret these alarms through examining Peak and Plateau Pressures, healthcare providers can diagnose issues such as air leaks, decreased lung compliance, and increased airway resistance, thereby improving patient care and outcomes.2024-06-0414 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastMental Models for Resuscitation ExpertiseIn this episode, Dr. Sara Crager delves into the critical aspects of resuscitation expertise, emphasizing the pivotal role of mental models in navigating complex clinical scenarios. Drawing from her experiences and insights, she highlights the need for a paradigm shift towards honing expertise rather than relying solely on technological advancements or algorithmic approaches. Through a compelling narrative, Dr. Crager underscores the significance of iterative problem-solving, functional bedside pathophysiology, and the art of clinical decision-making in optimizing patient care. Ultimately, she advocates for a concerted effort to enhance the quality and quantity of resuscitation mental models as a cornerstone for...2024-05-0313 minICUeduICUeduPhysiologically Difficult AirwayICUedu Physiologically Difficult Airway Pocket Intensivist CardICUedu.org page with video lecture, references, and a downloadable link to key visuals: https://www.icuedu.org/physiologicallydifficultairway2024-05-0341 minICUeduICUeduPhysiologically Difficult AirwayICUedu Physiologically Difficult Airway Pocket Intensivist Card Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/physiologicallydifficultairway2024-05-0240 minICUeduICUeduPermutations of Sick + HypotensiveWe know what to do with the patient who is sick and hypotensive.  But what about the patient who is sick but not hypotensive?  Or the patient who is hypotensive but not sick?References for the papers mentioned in the podcast on use of midodrine in the ED:Puissant et al (2022). Wait, What? Oral Midodrine Instead of Pressors for Septic Shock? Annals of Emergency Medicine;80(4):S94Zada et al (2024). Midodrine in Early Septic Shock. Critical Care Medicine 52(1):S708Lal et al (2021). Oral Midodrine Administration During the First 24 Hours of Sepsis to Re...2024-04-2721 minICUeduICUeduBeyond the ABCsICUedu Approach to the Acutely Ill Patient Pocket Intensivist CardAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2024-01-1225 minICUeduICUeduBedside Echo Physiologic DDXAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2024-01-1020 minICUeduICUeduAcid-Base 2.0ICUedu Acid-Base 2.0 Pocket Intensivist CardThis lecture has a lot of important visuals.  Here is is a link to the ICUedu.org subpage with the video lecture and a downloadable link to the key lecture visuals: https://www.icuedu.org/approachacidbase2023-12-1859 minICUeduICUeduVasoplegiaICUedu Vasoplegia Pocket Intensivist CardAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-11-2220 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastPicking a PressorIn this episode, Dr. Sara Crager discusses the complexities of selecting vasoactive medications, known as "pressors," for patients in shock. She emphasizes the importance of not just memorizing tables but understanding the underlying principles of why, when, and which pressor to use. Dr. Crager points out the limitations of relying solely on evidence-based medicine for such decisions, highlighting the uniqueness of each patient and the importance of considering provider expertise. She explores various factors, including the need for vasoconstriction, vasodilation, increased inotropy, and concerns about side effects like arrhythmias and pulmonary pressures, to guide the thoughtful selection of the...2023-10-3019 minICUeduICUeduThe Big 5: Misses That MatterAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-05-2617 minICUeduICUeduThe Sepsis SurveyLike the Trauma Survey... but for sepsis!Additional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-05-2613 minResusX:PodcastResusX:PodcastUnstable A-Fib in 7 QuestionsRegister HERE for the ResusX:ROSC conference!  In this video, Sara Crager discusses the management of Unstable A-Fib (Atrial Fibrillation). She highlights the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary causes of instability before considering immediate cardioversion. Sara emphasizes that not all patients with A-Fib and low blood pressure require immediate intervention. Factors such as fluid status, electrolyte levels, and sympathetic activity should be evaluated to determine the underlying cause of instability. Sara advocates for a comprehensive approach that goes beyond the choice between beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. She introduces seven key questions to guide th...2023-05-2216 minICUeduICUeduApproach to Cardiac ArrestUpdated talk on approach to cardiac arrest! Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/cardiacarrest2023-05-1450 minICUeduICUeduMistakes #2: Agitation, CRRT & TrachsAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-05-1228 minICUeduICUeduCritical Cases #4: SCAPE with WCTAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgMore discussion of unstable A-fib: https://www.icuedu.org/unstableaf2023-05-1232 minICUeduICUeduMistakes #1: Fourniers, A-fib & CholecystitisAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-03-2821 minICUeduICUeduBlood Gas Reading Skills: ABG #3Blood Gas Reading Skills seriesAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgIf you have ABGs you are interested in submitting for possible discussion, you can send along the ABG, the basic metabolic panel, and the albumin (if you have it) as well as a one-liner summary of the clinical context through the ICUedu comments section 2023-03-2806 minICUeduICUeduReframing Shock Part II: 3-Pressures Approach to ShockUpdate content January 2024!  New (and hopefully improved...) version.Pocket Intensivist Card: 3-Pressures Hemodynamic Physiology MapThis lecture has a lot of important visuals.  Here is is a link to the ICUedu.org subpage with the video lecture and a downloadable link to the key lecture visuals:  https://www.icuedu.org/reframingshock-22023-03-2338 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure & Pulmonary HypertensionChapter 1: Clinical ContextChapter 2: PhysiologyChapter 3: Diagnosis and Differential DiagnosisChapter 4: Spiral of DeathChapter 5: ManagementChapter 6: RecapICUedu Pocket Intensivist Card: RV Failure Pathophysiology ICUedu Pocket Intensivist Card: RV Failure ManagementICUedu Pocket Intensivist Card: Pressors in RV Failure Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/rvfailureLink to review article2023-03-211h 09ICUeduICUeduPressors and VasoactivesChapter 1: Why Start Vasoactives?Chapter 2: When Start Vasoactives?Chapter 3: Which Vasoactive to Start?ICUedu Pocket Intensivist Card - Vasoactive Properties Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/pressorsvasoactives2023-03-1742 minICUeduICUeduCritical Cases #3: Hypoxemia with Abdominal DistentionAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-02-1711 minICUeduICUeduBlood Gas Reading Skills: ABG #2Blood Gas Reading Skills seriesAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgIf you have ABGs you are interested in submitting for possible discussion, you can send along the ABG, the basic metabolic panel, and the albumin (if you have it) as well as a one-liner summary of the clinical context through the ICUedu comments section 2023-02-1709 minICUeduICUeduThoughtful Use: Bicarb and CalciumAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2023-01-2326 minICUeduICUeduBlood Gas Reading Skills: ABG #1Blood Gas Reading Skills seriesAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgIf you have ABGs you are interested in submitting for possible discussion, you can send along the ABG, the basic metabolic panel, and the albumin (if you have it) as well as a one-liner summary of the clinical context through the ICUedu comments section 2023-01-2315 minICUeduICUeduCritical Cases #2: Sick Atrial FibrillationAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.orgYou can find a quick reference chart on inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in the Cardiac Infographics section of the website: https://www.icuedu.org/core-content2023-01-2317 minICUeduICUeduVentilator AlarmsPocket Intensivist Card: Vent AlarmsAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials: https://www.icuedu.org/ventalarms2023-01-1419 minICUeduICUeduLVADs in the Emergency DepartmentPocket Intensivist Card: LVAD BasicsLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture and supplemental content at: https://www.icuedu.org/lvads2023-01-1337 minICUeduICUeduHemorrhagic Shock and Massive TransfusionAccess to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/hemorrhagicshockPocket Intensivist Card: Hemorrhagic Shock Pathophysiology2023-01-1351 minICUeduICUeduEmergency Medicine Cognitive ToolboxAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials: https://www.icuedu.org/emcognitiveapproach2022-10-2550 minICUeduICUeduReframing Shock Part I: The Shock ContinuumChapter 1: Stages of ShockChapter 2: Shock IdentificationChapter 3: Shock Differential DiagnosisPocket Intensivist Card: The Shock Continuum Access to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/reframingshock-12022-10-251h 11Always On EM - Mayo Clinic Emergency MedicineAlways On EM - Mayo Clinic Emergency MedicineGrand Rounds - Dr. Sara Crager - Reframing ShockSPEAKER: Sara Crager, MD, UCLA Emergency Medicine When it comes to shock, we have developed a blood pressure addiction. Our propensity for a laser-like focus on blood pressure frequently hobbles our ability to promptly diagnose and optimally manage shock patients. This lecture aims to facilitate a more naunced approach to shock through an expanded mental model of shock pathophysiology combined with an iterative hypothesis testing strategy for clinical problem solving   TWITTER @SaraCrager; @AlwaysOnEM; @VenkBellamkonda INSTAGRAM @AlwaysOnEM EMAIL AlwaysOnEM@Gmail.com 2022-09-121h 06ICUeduICUeduUnstable Atrial FibrillationAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/unstableaf2022-08-0524 minICUeduICUeduUnstable Atrial Fibrillation2022-08-0524 minICUeduICUeduReframing Shock2022-08-0425 minICUeduICUeduPrecision BiPAPAccess to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/bipapPocket Intensivist Card: BiPAP Initial SettingsPocket Intensivist Card: BiPAP Troubleshooting2022-08-0429 minICUeduICUeduCritical Cases #1: Respiratory AcidosisAdditional content and educational resources at ICUedu.org2022-08-0417 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure Part 5: ManagementLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0427 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure Part 4: Spiral of DeathLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0403 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure Part 3: Diagnosis and Differential DiagnosisLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0420 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure Part 2: PhysiologyLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0310 minICUeduICUeduRight Ventricular Failure Part 1: Clinical ContextLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0306 minICUeduICUeduFluid Resuscitation II: PhysiologyAccess to video version of lecture, supplemental materials & references at: https://www.icuedu.org/fluids2022-08-0347 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part VIII: VQ MismatchAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0319 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part VII: APRVAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0341 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part VI: Lung Injury PhysiologyAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0328 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part V: Obstructive PhysiologyAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0318 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part IV: Patient-Vent Dyssynchrony.Access to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0320 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part III: Resistance and ComplianceAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0316 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part II: Goal of Mechanical VentilationAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0209 minICUeduICUeduVents 201 Part I: IntroductionAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents2012022-08-0212 minICUeduICUeduThe Critically Ill Cirrhotic PatientAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents201Link to review article2022-08-0240 minICUeduICUeduCognitive Approach to ResuscitationLecture audio here, you can access video version of lecture & supplemental materials at ICUedu.org2022-08-0258 minICUeduICUeduCOVID Intubation TriggersAccess to video version of lecture, supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/covideti2022-08-021h 05ICUeduICUeduVents 101 Part IV: TroubleshootingTake a look at the updated Vent Alarms episode posted 1/13/23 for further discussion of vent alarms!Access to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents1012022-08-0118 minICUeduICUeduVents 101 Part III: Basic Management StrategiesAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents1012022-08-0130 minICUeduICUeduVents 101 Part II: Basic Metrics and ModesAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents1012022-08-0137 minICUeduICUeduVents 101 Part I: Pulmonary PhysiologyAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/vents1012022-08-0132 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part VI: Electrolyte Composition of IV FluidsAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-3012 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part V: Strong Ion DifferenceAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-3004 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part IV: Hyperchloremic Metabolic AcidosisAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-3011 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part III: Intubating the Acidotic PatientAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-3020 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part II: Correcting the AcidosisAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-2911 minICUeduICUeduDKA Case Part I: Compensation for Metabolic AcidosisAccess to video version of lecture & supplemental materials at: https://www.icuedu.org/acidbasecasedka2022-07-2910 minEMRA*CastEMRA*CastPearls on Massive Transfusion with Dr. Sara CragerHemorrhagic shock can be tricky to manage – yet there’s no shortage of (sometimes conflicting) guidelines regarding massive transfusion. When do you make the call to activate massive transfusion protocol? How early is too early? What happens if you wait too long? Dr. Sara Crager simplifies this crucial decision-making process with EMRA*Cast host Ranjita Raghavan.2022-05-1640 minObsgynaecritcareObsgynaecritcare075 – The less appreciated ventricle – a discussion with Graeme.Hypothetical case: You are called to a code blue medical on the gynaecology ward. A patient in her late 60s has collapsed in the bathroom. You are told she was admitted earlier that day for investigation of a probable pelvic cancer. She is conscious, has a heart rate 130/min, NIBP 90/45, SPO2 94% on hudson mask, and is mildly SOB with a respiratory rate 30/min. This patient undergoes investigation and is diagnosed with a large pulmonary embolism. She deteriorates suddenly with the following vitals: groaning, HR 145/min, NIBP 60/35, SpO2 85%, Respiratory rate 35/min. What is the physiology and what are the principles behind...2020-10-2842 min